Cited by 1,752Cancer survivorship and careHealth Education and ValidationHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast quality-of-life instrument.

Brady, M J, Cella, D F, Mo, F, Bonomi, A E, Tulsky, D S, Lloyd, S R, Deasy, S, Cobleigh, M, Shiomoto, G·1997·Journal of Clinical Oncology

DOI 10.1200/jco.1997.15.3.974

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Abstract

PURPOSE: This is the first published report on the validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), a 44-item self-report instrument designed to measure multidimensional quality of life (QL) in patients with breast cancer. The FACT-B consists of the FACT-General (FACT-G) plus the Breast Cancer Subscale (BCS), which complements the general scale with items specific to QL in breast cancer. The FACT-B was developed with an emphasis on patients' values and brevity and is available in nine languages. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two validation samples were used for this report. The first (n = 47) was tested twice over a 2-month period to assess sensitivity to change. Significant sensitivity to change in performance status rating (PSR) was demonstrated for the FACT-B total score, the Physical Well-Being (PWB) subscale, the Functional Well-Being (FWB) subscale, and the BCS. Sensitivity to change in QL as measured by the Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC) was documented in the FACT-B total score, PWB, FWB, and Emotional Well-Being (EWB). Additional validity and reliability data were obtained from a larger sample (n = 295). The alpha coefficient (internal consistency) for the FACT-B total score was high (alpha = .90), with subscale alpha coefficients ranging from .63 to .86. Evidence supported test-retest reliability, as well as convergent, divergent, and known groups validity. CONCLUSION: The FACT-B is appropriate for use in oncology clinical trials, as well as in clinical practice. It demonstrates ease of administration, brevity, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change.

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Method
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Method
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Background
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Background
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“[55] (validation of version 3 with two additional items; sample of 295 breast cancer patients) Table 4 Most common problems experienced by sample of breast cancer patients (N = 111)”
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“[42] to assess reactions to breast cancer per se (e.”
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Lee, W. R., McQuellon, R. P., Case, L. D., deGuzman, A. F., & McCullough, D. L. (1999) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68570-9 · Cited by 57
A contextual approach to understanding breast cancer survivorship among Latinas
Lopez‐Class, M., Gomez‐Duarte, J., Graves, K. D., & Ashing‐Giwa, K. T. (2011) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1998 · Cited by 56
“Because HRQOL is multifaceted and includes domains related to psychological/emotional, cognitive, functional, spirituality, and physical functioning [4,16], we chose these domains as the starting point of our analysis.”
BackgroundMethod
Quality of life in breast cancer patients: Validation of a FACT-B Malayalam version
Pandey, M., Thomas, B. C., Ramdas, K., Eremenco, S. L., & Nair, M. K. (2002) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015083713014 · Cited by 56
Meta-analysis provides evidence-based effect sizes for a cancer-specific quality-of-life questionnaire, the FACT-G
King, M. T., Stockler, M. R., Cella, D. F., Osoba, D., Eton, D. T., Thompson, J., & Eisenstein, A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.05.001 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Associations between self-reported post-diagnosis physical activity changes, body weight changes, and psychosocial well-being in breast cancer survivors
Phillips, S. M., & McAuley, E. (2014) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-014-2346-5 · Cited by 62
“HRQOL The 39-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) [38, 39] assessed physical, social/ family, emotional, and functional well-being and breast cancer specific concerns.”
Influential
Understanding racial differences in health-related quality of life in a population-based cohort of breast cancer survivors
Pinheiro, L. C., Samuel, C. A., Reeder-Hayes, K. E., Wheeler, S. B., Olshan, A. F., & Reeve, B. B. (2016) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-016-3965-y · Cited by 56
“The FACT-B includes 5 domains: Physical Well-Being, Social Well-Being, Emotional Well-Being, Functional Well-Being, and BC-specific Concerns [20].”
Influential
Feasibility of an exercise intervention for fatigued breast cancer patients at a community-based cardiac rehabilitation program
Jesus, S. D., Fitzgeorge, L., Unsworth, K., Massel, D. R., Suskin, N., Harry Prapavessis, A., & Sanatani, M. S. (2017) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s117703 · Cited by 56
Measuring quality of life in patients with melanoma: development of the FACT-melanoma subscale.
Cormier, J. N., Davidson, L., Xing, Y., Webster, K., & Cella, D. F. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Factors influencing fear of cancer recurrence in patients with breast cancer: Evidence from a survey in Yancheng, China
Niu, L., Liang, Y., & Niu, M. (2019) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13978 · Cited by 55
“The total scores ranged from 0 to 144, and the higher the score, the better the QOL.”
MethodInfluential
Patient-reported quality of life after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation or chemotherapy for acute leukemia
Kurosawa, S., Yamaguchi, T., Mori, T., Kanamori, H., Onishi, Y., Emi, N., Fujisawa, S., Kohno, A., Nakaseko, C., Saito, B., et al. (2015) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/bmt.2015.137 · Cited by 55
Health-related quality of life, psychological distress, and adverse events in postmenopausal women with breast cancer who receive tamoxifen, exemestane, or anastrozole as adjuvant endocrine therapy: National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer 04 (N-SAS BC 04)
Takei, H., Ohsumi, S., Shimozuma, K., Takehara, M., Suemasu, K., Ohashi, Y., & Hozumi, Y. (2012) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1943-y · Cited by 55
“The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) [23] and its Endocrine Symptom Subscale (ES) [24] were used to evaluate HRQOL.”
Method
Patient, carer and health service outcomes of nurse-led early discharge after breast cancer surgery: a randomised controlled trial
Wells, M., Harrow, A., Donnan, P. T., Davey, P. G., Devereux, S., Little, G., McKenna, E., Wood, R., Chen, R., & Thompson, A. M. (2004) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601998 · Cited by 55
“Primary outcomes were quality of life, as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) (Brady et al, 1997) and EQ-5D (Euroqol group, 1990) questionnaires, and carer burden.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Screening studies for fatigue and laboratory correlates in cancer patients undergoing treatment.
Shafqat, A., Einhorn, L., Hanna, N. H., Sledge, G., Hanna, A., Juliar, B. E., Monahan, P. O., & Bhatia, S. (2005) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi267 · Cited by 56
“FACT-F has been studied much more extensively as a fatigue measurement tool and is comprised of the FACT-General and the FACIT-F scale [20, 21].”
Method
Effects of Physical Activity on Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Sun, M., Liu, C., Lu, Y., Zhu, F., Li, H., & Lü, Q. (2023) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2023.11.001 · Cited by 54
Virtual Support Communities and Psychological Well-Being: The Role of Optimistic and Pessimistic Social Comparison Strategies
Batenburg, A., & Das, E. H. H. J. (2015) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12131 · Cited by 54
“Emotional well-being was measured according six items from the FACT-B (Brady et al., 1997) on a 5-point scale (e.g., “I’m proud of how I am coping with my illness”) and showed scale consistency, Cronbach’s 𝛼 = .86.”
Influential
The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Lung and Lung Cancer Subscale assess quality of life and meaningful symptom improvement in lung cancer
Cella, D. F. (2004) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.04.008 · Cited by 54
Self-citation
Influence of irradiation on therapy-associated psychological distress in breast carcinoma patients
Mose, S., Budischewski, K. M., Rahn, A., Zander-Heinz, A., Bormeth, S. B., & Böttcher, H. D. (2001) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01711-4 · Cited by 54
Health-related quality of life of ICU survivors: review of the literature
Chaboyer, W. P., & Elliott, D. (2000) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1054/iccn.1999.1582 · Cited by 54
Quality-of-Life Considerations in the Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer in the Elderly
Reimer, T., & Gerber, B. (2010) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/11584700-000000000-00000 · Cited by 54
“5 Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy questionnaires FACT-G;([15]) FACT-B([17])”
Influential
Stigma and Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer: Mediation and Moderation Model of Social Support, Sense of Coherence, and Coping Strategies
Zamanian, H., Amini‐Tehrani, M., Jalali, Z., Daryaafzoon, M., Ramezani, F., Malek, N., Adabimohazab, M., Hozouri, R., & Taghanaky, F. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.657992 · Cited by 53
Prevention of quality-of-life deterioration with light therapy is associated with changes in fatigue in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Jeste, N. D., Liu, L., Rissling, M. B., Trofimenko, V., Natarajan, L., Parker, B. A., & Ancoli‐Israel, S. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0243-2 · Cited by 53
Risks and Benefits of Physical Activity among Breast Cancer Survivors who have Completed Treatment
Schmitz, K. H., & Speck, R. M. (2010) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.10.1 · Cited by 57
“The Breast Cancer Subscale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer TherapyBreast (BCS FACT-B) is the only QOL outcome demon strating consistent and statistically significant positive improvement [66].”
Background
Efficacy of low-frequency low-intensity electrotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphoedema: a cross-over randomized trial
Belmonte, R., Tejero, M., Ferrer, M., Muniesa, J. M., Duarte, E., Cunillera, O., & Escalada, F. (2011) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215511427414 · Cited by 53
Specific Psychosocial Issues of Individuals Undergoing Genetic Counseling for Cancer – A Literature Review
Eijzenga, W., Hahn, D. E. E., Aaronson, N. K., Kluijt, I., & Bleiker, E. M. A. (2013) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-013-9649-4 · Cited by 53
Pilates for Breast Cancer Survivors
Stan, D. L., Rausch, S. M., Sundt, K., Cheville, A. L., Youdas, J. W., Krause, D. A., Boughey, J. C., Walsh, M. F., Cha, S. S., & Pruthi, S. (2012) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/12.cjon.131-141 · Cited by 61
Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Survivorship
Schmitz, K. H. (2010) · Recent results in cancer research/Recent Results in Cancer Research · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04231-7_8 · Cited by 53
Measurement properties of the English and Chinese versions of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Breast (FACT-B) in Asian breast cancer patients
Ng, R. C. H., Lee, C. F., Wong, N. S., Luo, N., Yap, Y. S., Lo, S. K., Chia, W. K., Yee, A., Krishna, L. K. R., Goh, C. R., et al. (2011) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1764-z · Cited by 52
The Kuala Lumpur Qigong Trial for Women in the Cancer Survivorship Phase-Efficacy of a Three-Arm RCT to Improve QOL
Loh, S. Y., Lee, S. Y., & Murray, L. (2014) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8127 · Cited by 52
“Masking of treatment allocation were conducted, with ‘matching’ active, placebo and control, using a free online Random Allocation Software (Brady et al., 1997).”
MethodInfluential
Sleep dysfunction and psychosocial adaptation among women undergoing treatment for non‐metastatic breast cancer
Vargas, S. E., Wohlgemuth, W. K., Antoni, M. H., Lechner, S. C., Holley, H., & Carver, C. S. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1603 · Cited by 52
Benefits of 24 versus 12 weeks of exercise and wellness programming for women undergoing treatment for breast cancer
Leach, H. J., Danyluk, J. M., Nishimura, K. C., & Culos-Reed, S. N. (2016) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-016-3302-3 · Cited by 58
Pretreatment Psychoneurological Symptoms and Their Association With Longitudinal Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Tometich, D. B., Small, B. J., Carroll, J., Zhai, W., Luta, G., Zhou, X., Kobayashi, L. C., Ahles, T. A., Saykin, A. J., Clapp, J. D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.11.015 · Cited by 52
Recover your smile: Effects of a beauty care intervention on depressive symptoms, quality of life, and self‐esteem in patients with early breast cancer
Richard, A., Harbeck, N., Wuerstlein, R., & Wilhelm, F. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4957 · Cited by 41
Use of tablet personal computers for sensitive patient-reported information.
Dupont, A., Wheeler, J. L., Herndon, J. E., Coan, A., Zafar, S. Y., Hood, L. E., Patwardhan, M. B., Shaw, H. S., Lyerly, H. K., & Abernethy, A. P. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 52
A Retrospective Analysis of VeriStrat Status on Outcome of a Randomized Phase II Trial of First-Line Therapy with Gemcitabine, Erlotinib, or the Combination in Elderly Patients (Age 70 Years or Older) with Stage IIIB/IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Stinchcombe, T. E., Roder, J., Peterman, A. H., Grigorieva, J., Lee, C. B., Moore, D. T., & Socinski, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1097/jto.0b013e3182835577 · Cited by 51
Exercise-based cardio-oncology rehabilitation for cardiotoxicity prevention during breast cancer chemotherapy: The ONCORE randomized controlled trial
Díaz-Balboa, E., Peña, C., Rodríguez‐Romero, B., Cuesta‐Vargas, A., Lado‐Baleato, Ó., Martínez‐Monzonís, A., Pedreira-Pérez, M., Ozores, P. P., López‐López, R., González‐Juanatey, J. R., et al. (2024) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.002 · Cited by 56
“Although the benefits of exercise on emotional well-being are well established, 44 previous similar studies have failed to show improvements in FACT-B 37 or HADS 35 scores.”
MethodInfluential
Predictive factors for psychological distress related to diagnosis of breast cancer
Iwatani, T., Matsuda, A., Kawabata, H., Miura, D., & Matsushima, E. (2012) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3023 · Cited by 51
“Higher scores on these subscales indicate better meaning/peace and spirituality [26,27].”
Background
Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for follow-up of women treated for breast cancer
Khan, F., Amatya, B., Ng, L., Demetrios, M., Zhang, N. Y., & Turner‐Stokes, L. F. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009553.pub2 · Cited by 52
Phase II study of glucosamine with chondroitin on aromatase inhibitor-associated joint symptoms in women with breast cancer
Greenlee, H., Crew, K. D., Shao, T. H., Kranwinkel, G., Kalinsky, K. M., Maurer, M., Brafman, L., Insel, B. J., Tsai, W. Y., & Hershman, D. L. (2012) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-012-1628-z · Cited by 51
Does a Community-Based Stress Management Intervention Affect Psychological Adaptation Among Underserved Black Breast Cancer Survivors?
Lechner, S. C., Whitehead, N. E., Vargas, S. E., Annane, D. W., Robertson, B., Carver, C. S., Kobetz, E. K., & Antoni, M. H. (2014) · JNCI Monographs · doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu032 · Cited by 51
Testing the effects of narrative and play on physical activity among breast cancer survivors using mobile apps: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Lyons, E., Baranowski, T., Basen‐Engquist, K., Lewis, Z. H., Swartz, M. C., Jennings, K., & Volpi, E. (2016) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2244-y · Cited by 55
“Physical (“I have pain”), social (“I feel close to my friends”), functional (“I am able to enjoy life”), emotional (“I feel sad”), and breast-specific (“I am able to feel like a woman”) quality of life will be measured using the 37item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast (FACT-B) measure [77].”
Method
Prospective Study of Psychosocial Outcomes of Having Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Among Women With Nonhereditary Breast Cancer
Parker, P. A., Peterson, S. K., Shen, Y., Bedrosian, I., Black, D. M., Thompson, A. M., Nelson, J. C., DeSnyder, S. M., Cook, R. L., Hunt, K. K., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2018.78.6442 · Cited by 52
A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Two Rehabilitation Support Services for Women with Breast Cancer
Gordon, L. G., Scuffham, P., Battistutta, D., Graves, N., Tweeddale, M., & Newman, B. M. (2005) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-005-5828-9 · Cited by 51
“The FACT-B+4 change scores generated a dichotomous outcome ‘rehabilitated case’ (yes/no), with ‘rehabilitated case’ defined by improvement in the FACT-B+4 score that reached minimal clinically meaningful difference as recommended by FACT-B developers [22].”
Method
The impact of endocrine therapy on sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer: encouraging results from a prospective study
Frechette, D., Paquet, L., Verma, S., Clemons, M. J., Wheatley‐Price, P., Gertler, S. Z., Song, X., Graham, N., & Dent, S. F. (2013) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2659-y · Cited by 52
Dance/movement therapy for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients
Bradt, J., Goodill, S. W., & Dileo, C. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007103.pub2 · Cited by 51
The impact of lung cancer surgery on quality of life trajectories in patients and family caregivers
Kim, J. Y., Sun, V., Raz, D. J., Williams, A. C., Fujinami, R., Reckamp, K., Koczywas, M., Cristea, M., Hurria, A., & Ferrell, B. (2016) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.08.011 · Cited by 48

Authors: Brady, M. J., Cella, D. F., Mo, F., Bonomi, A. E., Tulsky, D. S., Lloyd, S. R., Deasy, S., Cobleigh, M., & Shiomoto, G.
Affiliations: Rush University Medical Center (US)
Rush University (US)
ORCID: Cella, D F
Bonomi, A E
Tulsky, D S
Lloyd, S R
Cobleigh, M
Venue: Journal of Clinical Oncology
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Published: 1997-03
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 974-986
ISSN: 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
1527-7755
DOI: 10.1200/jco.1997.15.3.974
OpenAlex: W1857624176
Cited by: 1,752
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 47 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 86
FWCI: 5.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r29ca051926-01a1)
National Cancer Institute (R29CA51926)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Keywords: FACT-B, breast cancer, quality of life, FACT-G, instrument validation, sensitivity to change, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, known-groups validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, physical well-being, functional well-being, emotional well-being, Functional Living Index-Cancer, self-report questionnaire
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Self Concept, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Translations, Reproducibility of Results

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Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast quality-of-life instrument.

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