Cited by 1,752Cancer survivorship and careHealth Education and ValidationHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast quality-of-life instrument.

Brady, M J, Cella, D F, Mo, F, Bonomi, A E, Tulsky, D S, Lloyd, S R, Deasy, S, Cobleigh, M, Shiomoto, G·1997·Journal of Clinical Oncology

DOI 10.1200/jco.1997.15.3.974

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Abstract

PURPOSE: This is the first published report on the validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), a 44-item self-report instrument designed to measure multidimensional quality of life (QL) in patients with breast cancer. The FACT-B consists of the FACT-General (FACT-G) plus the Breast Cancer Subscale (BCS), which complements the general scale with items specific to QL in breast cancer. The FACT-B was developed with an emphasis on patients' values and brevity and is available in nine languages. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two validation samples were used for this report. The first (n = 47) was tested twice over a 2-month period to assess sensitivity to change. Significant sensitivity to change in performance status rating (PSR) was demonstrated for the FACT-B total score, the Physical Well-Being (PWB) subscale, the Functional Well-Being (FWB) subscale, and the BCS. Sensitivity to change in QL as measured by the Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC) was documented in the FACT-B total score, PWB, FWB, and Emotional Well-Being (EWB). Additional validity and reliability data were obtained from a larger sample (n = 295). The alpha coefficient (internal consistency) for the FACT-B total score was high (alpha = .90), with subscale alpha coefficients ranging from .63 to .86. Evidence supported test-retest reliability, as well as convergent, divergent, and known groups validity. CONCLUSION: The FACT-B is appropriate for use in oncology clinical trials, as well as in clinical practice. It demonstrates ease of administration, brevity, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change.

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Risk factors for acute pain and its persistence following breast cancer surgery
Katz, J., Poleshuck, E. L., Andrus, C. H., Hogan, L. A., Jung, B. F., Kulick, D. I., & Dworkin, R. H. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.09.008 · Cited by 363
“Disease-specific emotional functioning was assessed with three measures: the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment— Emotional scale (FACT-E; Brady et al., 1997; Cella et al., 1993), which was designed to assess mood and anxiety in patients with cancer; the Somatosensory Amplification Scale…”
Method
Upper‐body morbidity after breast cancer
Hayes, S. C., Johansson, K. I., Stout, N. L., Prosnitz, R., Armer, J. M., Gabram, S. G. A., & Schmitz, K. H. (2012) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.27467 · Cited by 378
Health state utilities for metastatic breast cancer
Lloyd, A. J., Nafees, B., Narewska, J., Dewilde, S., & Watkins, J. (2006) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603326 · Cited by 357
“The review also highlighted how frequently disease-specific measures, such as the FACT-B (Brady et al, 1997) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire-BR23 (Sprangers et al, 1996), had been used.”
BackgroundMethod
Assessment of quality of life in women undergoing hormonal therapy for breast cancer: validation of an endocrine symptom subscale for the FACT‐B
Fallowfield, L. J., Leaity, S. K., Howell, A., Benson, S., & Cella, D. F. (1999) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1023/a:1006263818115 · Cited by 355
Self-citation
The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in the treatment of sleep disturbance in women with breast cancer
Shapiro, S. L., Bootzin, R. R., Figueredo, A. J., Lopez, A. M., & Schwartz, G. E. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00546-9 · Cited by 350
“The psychological measures used included: Profile of Mood States Scale (POMS) [21], the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [22], the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PENN) [23], the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [24], the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Breast (FACIT-B) [25], the Shapiro Control Inventory (SCI)…”
Method
Meaning in life and physical health: systematic review and meta-analysis
Czekierda, K., Banik, A., Park, C. L., & Łuszczyńska, A. (2017) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2017.1327325 · Cited by 382
“Subjective assessment of health status by means of standardised scales included the following measures: Physical Health Status and Functioning subscales of Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form 12 (SF-12) (Stewart, Hays, & Ware, 1988; Ware & Sherbourne, 1992; Ware, Kosinski, & Keller, 1996); Physical Functioning sub…”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of a family intervention on the quality of life of women with recurrent breast cancer and their family caregivers
Northouse, L., Kershaw, T., Mood, D., & Schafenacker, A. (2005) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.871 · Cited by 338
“Adequate reliability and validity of the FACT scales, and SF 36 have been reported previously (Brady et al., 1997; Cella et al., 1993; Ware et al., 1994).”
Background
?-carotene supplementation for patients with low baseline levels and decreased risks of total and prostate carcinoma
Cook, N. R., Stampfer, M. J., Ma, J., Manson, J. E., Sacks, F. M., Buring, J. E., & Hennekens, C. H. (1999) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19991101)86:9 · Cited by 121
Self-citation
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Print Materials and Step Pedometers on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
Vallance, J. K., Courneya, K. S., Plotnikoff, R. C., Yasui, Y., & Mackey, J. R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.07.9988 · Cited by 326
“QoL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy– Breast (FACT-B) scale.(18,19) Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Scale(20) from the FACT measurement system.”
Method
Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women in the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trial
Fallowfield, L. J., Cella, D. F., Cuzick, J. M., Francis, S., Locker, G. Y., & Howell, A. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.08.029 · Cited by 310
Self-citation
Lymphedema and Quality of Life in Survivors of Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Beaulac, S. M. (2002) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.137.11.1253 · Cited by 308
“tions regarding breast, emotional, functional, physical, and social well-being.(2) The FACT-B uses the 5-point Likert scale (each”
Method
Effects of exercise dose and type during breast cancer chemotherapy: multicenter randomized trial
Courneya, K. S., McKenzie, D. C., Mackey, J. R., Gelmon, K., Friedenreich, C. M., Yasui, Y., Reid, R. D., Cook, D., Jespersen, D., Proulx, C., et al. (2013) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djt297 · Cited by 297
“Important secondary outcomes were the other three physical component subscales of the SF-36 (role–physical, bodily pain, and general health), the physical component summary, the trial outcome index–fatigue (7), breast cancer symptoms (8), fatigue symptoms (7), taxane/neuropathy symptoms (9), and endocrine symptoms (10…”
Background
Fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms prior to chemotherapy for breast cancer
Ancoli‐Israel, S., Liu, L., Marler, M., Parker, B. A., Jones, V. E., Sadler, G. R., Dimsdale, J. E., Cohen‐Zion, M., & Fiorentino, L. (2005) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-005-0861-0 · Cited by 315
Topotecan Versus Observation After Cisplatin Plus Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: E7593—A Phase III Trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Schiller, J. H., Adak, S., Cella, D. F., DeVore, R. F., & Johnson, D. H. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2001.19.8.2114 · Cited by 294
Self-citation
Symptoms in Adults with Lung Cancer
Cooley, M. E. (2000) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(99)00150-5 · Cited by 288
Mindfulness-based interventions for women with breast cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Haller, H., Winkler, M. M., Klose, P., Dobos, G., Kümmel, S., & Cramer, H. (2017) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.1080/0284186x.2017.1342862 · Cited by 277
Lower-Dose vs High-Dose Oral Estradiol Therapy of Hormone Receptor–Positive, Aromatase Inhibitor–Resistant Advanced Breast Cancer
Ellis, M. J., Gao, F., Dehdashti, F., Jeffe, D. B., Marcom, P. K., Carey, L., Dickler, M. N., Silverman, P., Fleming, G. F., Kommareddy, A., et al. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1204 · Cited by 287
“Median (range) follow-up time was 83 (37-215) weeks for the 6-mg group and 86 (6-212) weeks for the 30-mg group.”
Randomized, Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for the Management of Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Joint Symptoms in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Crew, K. D., Capodice, J. L., Greenlee, H., Brafman, L., Fuentes, D., Awad, D., Tsai, W. Y., & Hershman, D. L. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.23.4708 · Cited by 292
Main Outcomes of the FRESH START Trial: A Sequentially Tailored, Diet and Exercise Mailed Print Intervention Among Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors
Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Clipp, E. C., Lipkus, I. M., Lobach, D. F., Snyder, D. C., Sloane, R. J., Peterson, B. L., Macri, J. M., Rock, C. L., McBride, C. M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.10.7094 · Cited by 290
Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery Versus Supportive Expressive Group Therapy for Distressed Survivors of Breast Cancer (MINDSET)
Carlson, L. E., Doll, R., Stephen, J., Faris, P., Tamagawa, R., Drysdale, E., & Speca, M. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.47.5210 · Cited by 282
Reliability and validity of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-ovarian
Basen-Engquist, K., Bodurka-Bevers, D., Fitzgerald, M. A., Webster, K., Cella, D., Hu, S., & Gershenson, D. M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2001.19.6.1809 · Cited by 280
Self-citation
Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Hepatobiliary Cancers: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Hepatobiliary Questionnaire
Heffernan, N., Cella, D. F., Webster, K., Odom, L., Martone, M. W., Passik, S. D., Bookbinder, M., Fong, Y., Jarnagin, W. R., & Blumgart, L. H. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2002.07.093 · Cited by 280
Self-citation
Measuring quality of life in chronic illness: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy measurement system
Cella, D. F., & Nowinski, C. J. (2002) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/apmr.2002.36959 · Cited by 279
Self-citation
Seeking meaning and hope: self-reported spiritual and existential needs among an ethnically-diverse cancer patient population
Moadel, A. B., Morgan, C., Fatone, A., Grennan, J., Carter, J., LaRuffa, G. M., Skummy, A., & Dutcher, J. P. (1999) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1611(199909/10)8:5 · Cited by 413
Self-citation
Exercise Interventions for Cancer Survivors: A Meta-Analysis of Quality of Life Outcomes
Ferrer, R. A., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Johnson, B. T., Ryan, S. M., & Pescatello, L. S. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9225-1 · Cited by 282
Quality of life and breast cancer: Relationship to psychosocial variables
Shapiro, S. L., López, A. M., Schwartz, G. E., Bootzin, R. R., Figueredo, A. J., Braden, C. J., & Kurker, S. F. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.1026 · Cited by 269
“The FACIT-B is comprised of five areas of quality of life: physical well being, social/family well-being, emotional well-being, and functional wellbeing, and nine additional items specifically related to breast cancer.”
Background
Acute and Short-term Toxic Effects of Conventionally Fractionated vs Hypofractionated Whole-Breast Irradiation
Shaitelman, S. F., Schlembach, P. J., Arzu, I., Ballo, M. T., Bloom, E. S., Buchholz, D. J., Chronowski, G. M., Dvořák, T., Grade, E., Hoffman, K. E., et al. (2015) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2666 · Cited by 269
The Epidemiology of Arm and Hand Swelling in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors
Paskett, E. D., Naughton, M. J., McCoy, T. P., Case, L. D., & Abbott, J. M. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0168 · Cited by 266
Self-efficacy for managing pain, symptoms, and function in patients with lung cancer and their informal caregivers: Associations with symptoms and distress
Porter, L. S., Keefe, F. J., Garst, J. L., McBride, C. M., & Baucom, D. H. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.09.010 · Cited by 264
Measuring Quality of Life in Cosmetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes Instruments
Pusic, A. L., Chen, C. M., Cano, S., Klassen, A. F., McCarthy, C. M., Collins, E. D., & Cordeiro, P. G. (2007) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000278162.82906.81 · Cited by 260
Fertility- and Menopause-Related Information Needs of Younger Women With a Diagnosis of Early Breast Cancer
Thewes, B., Meiser, B., Taylor, A., Phillips, K., Pendlebury, S. T., Capp, A., Dalley, D. N., Goldstein, D., Baber, R., & Friedlander, M. L. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.07.773 · Cited by 257
The interaction of post‐traumatic growth and post‐traumatic stress symptoms in predicting depressive symptoms and quality of life
Morrill, E. F., Brewer, N. T., O’Neill, S. C., Lillie, S. E., Dees, E. C., Carey, L., & Rimer, B. K. (2008) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1313 · Cited by 254
“QOL was measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale} Breast (FACT-B) [22], a 44-item measure specific to breast cancer (Cronbach0s alpha 1⁄4 0:88).”
MethodResult
Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women in the ATAC (“Arimidex”, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) Trial after Completion of 5 years' Adjuvant Treatment for Early Breast Cancer
Cella, D. F., Fallowfield, L. J., Barker, P. N., Cuzick, J. M., Locker, G. Y., Howell, A., & On behalf of the ATAC Trialistsȁ9 Group (2006) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-006-9260-6 · Cited by 251
Self-citation
Impact of BRCA1/BRCA2 counseling and testing on newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.
Schwartz, M. D., Lerman, C., Brogan, B. M., Peshkin, B., Halbert, C., Demarco, T. A., Lawrence, W., Main, D., Finch, C., Magnant, C., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.04.086 · Cited by 248
Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measurement in Randomized Clinical Trials in Breast Cancer--Taking Stock
Goodwin, P. J., Black, J., Bordeleau, L. J., & Ganz, P. A. (2003) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/95.4.263 · Cited by 250
Multicenter Phase II Trial of Weekly Paclitaxel in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Perez, E. A., Vogel, C. L., Irwin, D. H., Kirshner, J. J., & Patel, R. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2001.19.22.4216 · Cited by 248
Differences in patterns of depression after treatment for breast cancer
Deshields, T. L., Tibbs, T. L., Fan, M., & Taylor, M. (2005) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.962 · Cited by 245
“05) than the established norm for adults (X ¼ 9:25) (Brady et al., 1997).”
BackgroundInfluential
Lifestyle Intervention Development Study to Improve Physical Function in Older Adults With Cancer: Outcomes From Project LEAD
Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Clipp, E. C., Morey, M. C., Pieper, C. F., Sloane, R. J., Snyder, D. C., & Cohen, H. J. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.05.7224 · Cited by 243
Sexual Problems in Younger Women After Breast Cancer Surgery
Burwell, S. R., Case, L. D., Kaelin, C. M., & Avis, N. E. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.04.2499 · Cited by 240
A comprehensive geriatric intervention detects multiple problems in older breast cancer patients
Extermann, M. (2003) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/s1040-8428(03)00099-4 · Cited by 238
“1) The end-points planned for the main trial: change in dependence in ADL [7]; change in living conditions; change in QOL (FACT-B) [5].”
BackgroundMethod
The use of trimodality therapy for the treatment of operable esophageal carcinoma in the veteran population
Billingsley, K. G., Maynard, C. C., Schwartz, D. L., & Dominitz, J. A. (2001) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20010901)92:5 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Effect of cosmetic outcome on quality of life after breast cancer surgery
Kim, M., Kim, T. Y., Moon, H., Jin, U. S., Kim, K. J., Kim, J. H., Lee, J. W., Kim, J. H., Lee, E., Yoo, T. K., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2014.12.002 · Cited by 234
Social networks, social support mechanisms, and quality of life after breast cancer diagnosis
Kroenke, C. H., Kwan, M. L., Neugut, A. I., Ergas, I. J., Wright, J. D., Caan, B. J., Hershman, D., & Kushi, L. H. (2013) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2477-2 · Cited by 233
Dance and Movement Program Improves Quality-of-Life Measures in Breast Cancer Survivors
Sandel, S. L., Judge, J. O., Landry, N., Faria, L., Ouellette, R., & Majczak, M. (2005) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/00002820-200507000-00011 · Cited by 232
“8 standard deviation of the distribution of the FACT-B score at baseline in our sample and in the large sample of women in the FACT-B validation study.(19) The experience of the control group during the crossover portion of the trial was similar to the experience of the intervention group in the first portion of the t…”
MethodResultInfluential
Restorative yoga for women with breast cancer: findings from a randomized pilot study
Danhauer, S. C., Mihalko, S. L., Russell, G. B., Campbell, C. R., Felder, L., Daley, K., & Levine, E. A. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1503 · Cited by 285
“(FACT-B) [26]”
Impact of medical and demographic factors on long-term quality of life and body image of breast cancer patients
Härtl, K., Janni, W., Kästner, R., Sommer, H., Strobl, B., Rack, B. K., & Stauber, M. (2003) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdg289 · Cited by 229
“However, one has to keep in mind that other workers, including the EORTC study group, have developed scales specific to breast cancer, for example a breast cancer version of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist [23], the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Breast [24] and the breast cancer module of the EORTC to be use…”
Method
Gefitinib versus placebo as maintenance therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (INFORM; C-TONG 0804): a multicentre, double-blind randomised phase 3 trial
Zhang, L., Ma, S., Song, X., Han, B., Cheng, Y., Huang, C., Yang, S., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lü, S., et al. (2012) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70117-1 · Cited by 228
Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients—Not Enough Attention for Long-Term Survivors?
Holzner, B., Kemmler, G., Kopp, M., Moschèn, R., Schweigkofler, H., Nser, M. D., Margreiter, R., Fleischhacker, W., & Sperner‐Unterweger, B. (2001) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.42.2.117 · Cited by 227

Authors: Brady, M. J., Cella, D. F., Mo, F., Bonomi, A. E., Tulsky, D. S., Lloyd, S. R., Deasy, S., Cobleigh, M., & Shiomoto, G.
Affiliations: Rush University Medical Center (US)
Rush University (US)
ORCID: Cella, D F
Bonomi, A E
Tulsky, D S
Lloyd, S R
Cobleigh, M
Venue: Journal of Clinical Oncology
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Published: 1997-03
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 974-986
ISSN: 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
1527-7755
DOI: 10.1200/jco.1997.15.3.974
OpenAlex: W1857624176
Cited by: 1,752
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 47 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 86
FWCI: 5.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r29ca051926-01a1)
National Cancer Institute (R29CA51926)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Keywords: FACT-B, breast cancer, quality of life, FACT-G, instrument validation, sensitivity to change, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, known-groups validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, physical well-being, functional well-being, emotional well-being, Functional Living Index-Cancer, self-report questionnaire
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Self Concept, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Translations, Reproducibility of Results

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Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast quality-of-life instrument.

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