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Cited by 3,737Optimism, Hope, and Well-beingEducation, Achievement, and GiftednessPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 186 of the 201 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind

Snyder, C. R.·2002·Psychological Inquiry
DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli1304_01
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Abstract

Hope is defined as the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals, and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways. The adult and child hope scales that are derived from hope theory are described. Hope theory is compared to theories of learned optimism, optimism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Higher hope consistently is related to better outcomes in academics, athletics, physical health, psychological adjustment, and psychotherapy. Processes that lessen hope in children and adults are reviewed. Using the hope theory definition, no evidence is found for "false" hope. Future research is encouraged in regard to accurately enhancing hope in medical feedback and helping people to pursue those goals for which they are best suited.

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Metadata

Authors
Snyder, C. R.
Affiliations
University of Kansas (US)
Corresponding author
Snyder, C. R.
Venue
Psychological Inquiry
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2002-10
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
249-275
ISSN
  • 1047-840X (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7965
DOI
10.1207/s15327965pli1304_01
OpenAlex
W1968689002
Cited by
3,737
References
201
Citations by year
2026: 382 · 2025: 341 · 2024: 285 · 2023: 306 · 2022: 270 · 2021: 231 · 2020: 278 · 2019: 182 · 2018: 182 · 2017: 157 · 2016: 152 · 2015: 178 · 2014: 142 · 2013: 129 · 2012: 109
FWCI
32.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Psychological Inquiry (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords
hope theory, hope, agency thinking, learned optimism, optimism, self-efficacy, self-esteem, false hope, hope scale, children, academic performance, psychological adjustment, psychotherapy outcome

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