Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Abstract
This article addresses the centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Self-per- cepts of efficacy influence thought patterns, actions, and emotional arousal. In causal tests the higher the level of induced self-efficacy, the higher the perfor- mance accomplishments and the lower the emotional arousal. Different lines of research are reviewed, show- ing that the self-efficacy mechanism may have wide explanatory power. Perceived self-efficacy helps to ac- count for such diverse phenomena as changes in coping behavior produced by different modes of influence, level of physiological stress reactions, self-regulation of refractory behavior, resignation and despondency to failure experiences, self-debilitating effects of proxy control and illusory inefficaciousness, achievement strivings, growth of intrinsic interest, and career pur- suits. The influential role of perceived collective effi- cacy in social change is analyzed, as are the social con- ditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy. Psychological theorizing and research tend to cen- ter on issues concerning either acquisition of knowledge or execution of response patterns. As a result the processes governing the interrelation- ship between knowledge and action have been largely neglected (Newell, 1978). Some of the re- cent efforts to bridge this gap have been directed at the biomechanics problem—how efferent com- mands of action plans guide the production of ap- propriate response patterns (Stelmach, 1976,1978). Others have approached the matter in terms of algorithmic knowledge, which furnishes guides for executing action sequences (Greeno, 1973; Newell, 1973). ,
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Higher- and lower-rank employees described adaptive moves directed toward aspects of their work or home where they felt they had more efficacy and control.
“we found that higher-and lower-rank employees described adaptive moves directed toward aspects of their work (or home) where they felt they had more efficacy and control.”
From Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity (2010) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1982
Efficacy beliefs develop from individuals' integration of professional competence and their appraisal of task complexity.
“According to SCT, efficacy beliefs develop from individuals’ integration of professional competence and their appraisal of task complexity (Bandura, 1982).”
From AI teaching innovation behavior among college teachers: a structural equation modeling analysis based on the AI-TPACK framework, teaching self-efficacy, professional identity, and AI literacy (2026) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1982
Self-efficacy influences how individuals appraise task difficulty, invest effort, and persist when facing obstacles.
“From the perspective of SCT, self-efficacy influences how individuals appraise task difficulty, invest effort, and persist when facing obstacles (Bandura, 1982).”
From AI teaching innovation behavior among college teachers: a structural equation modeling analysis based on the AI-TPACK framework, teaching self-efficacy, professional identity, and AI literacy (2026) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1982
From SCT, behavior depends not only on internal beliefs and identity but also on experiential feedback.
“From the perspective of SCT, behavior depends not only on internal beliefs and identity but also on experiential feedback (Bandura, 1982).”
From AI teaching innovation behavior among college teachers: a structural equation modeling analysis based on the AI-TPACK framework, teaching self-efficacy, professional identity, and AI literacy (2026) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1982
Fortalecer a auto-eficácia de resistir ao uso de álcool diminui a probabilidade de recaídas.
“Por outro lado, fortalecer a auto-eficácia de resistir ao uso de álcool diminui a probabilidade de recaídas.”
From Terapia cognitivo-comportamental de transtornos de abuso de álcool e drogas (2008) · cites this paper as [12]
O conceito de auto-eficácia propõe que as pessoas tendem a repetir certos comportamentos quando acreditam em sua capacidade pessoal de desempenhar corretamente esses comportamentos.
“O conceito de auto-eficácia 11,12 propõe que as pessoas tendem a repetir certos comportamentos quando acreditam em sua capacidade pessoal de desempenhar corretamente esses comportamentos.”
From Terapia cognitivo-comportamental de transtornos de abuso de álcool e drogas (2008) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-efficacy and locus of control have known negative relationships with depression.
“These variables have known negative relationships with depression [106,107] and may make gamification less effective.”
From Examining the effectiveness of gamification in mental health apps for depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [107]
Self-efficacy beliefs can influence choice of activities, preparation for an activity, effort expended during performance, thought patterns, and emotional reactions.
“Self-efficacy beliefs can influence choice of activities, preparation for an activity, effort expended during performance, as well as thought patterns and emotional reactions”
From The theory of planned behavior (1991) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1982
The present view of perceived behavioral control is most compatible with Bandura's concept of perceived self-efficacy.
“The present view of perceived behavioral control, however, is most compatible with Bandura's (1977Bandura's ( , 1982) ) concept of perceived self-efficacy”
From The theory of planned behavior (1991) · cites this paper as Bandura, 1982
Within the social cognitive framework, efficacy beliefs have diverse effects on cognitive, motivational, affective and selection processes.
“Within the social cognitive framework, efficacy beliefs have diverse effects on cognitive, motivational, affective and selection processes [19], [20].”
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- Authors
- Bandura, A.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bandura, Albert
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1982-02
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 122-147
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W1982210139
- Cited by
- 15,975
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 517 · 2025: 588 · 2024: 594 · 2023: 725 · 2022: 722 · 2021: 842 · 2020: 869 · 2019: 760 · 2018: 594 · 2017: 617 · 2016: 636 · 2015: 731 · 2014: 644 · 2013: 610 · 2012: 591
- FWCI
- 149.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- self-efficacy, human agency, emotional arousal, mastery experiences, coping styles, self-regulation, achievement striving, intrinsic interest, collective efficacy, social change, knowledge and action, algorithmic knowledge
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