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To Parcel or Not to Parcel: Exploring the Question, Weighing the Merits
Abstract
We examine the controversial practice of using parcels of items as manifest variables in structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures. After detailing arguments pro and con, we conclude that the unconsidered use of parcels is never warranted, while, at the same time, the considered use of parcels cannot be dismissed out of hand. In large part, the decision to parcel or not depends on one's philosophical stance regarding scientific inquiry (e.g., empiricist vs. pragmatist) and the substantive goal of a study (e.g., to understand the structure of a set of items or to examine the nature of a set of constructs). Prior to creating parcels, however, we recommend strongly that investigators acquire a thorough understanding of the nature and dimensionality of the items to be parceled. With this knowledge in hand, various techniques for creating parcels can be utilized to minimize potential pitfalls and to optimize the measurement structure of constructs in SEM procedures. A number of parceling techniques are described, noting their strengths and weaknesses.
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“One criticism of item parceling is that it may obscure multi-dimensionality [63].”
From The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science (2013) · cites this paper as [63]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Venue
- Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-173
- ISSN
- 1070-5511 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2006763260
- Cited by
- 6,552
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 467 · 2025: 345 · 2024: 328 · 2023: 358 · 2022: 431 · 2021: 423 · 2020: 426 · 2019: 432 · 2018: 372 · 2017: 367 · 2016: 380 · 2015: 343 · 2014: 345 · 2013: 303 · 2012: 304
- FWCI
- 51.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- parceling, manifest variables, measurement structure, construct measurement, dimensionality, measurement invariance
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