Cited by 6,552Psychometric Methodologies and TestingStatistical Methods and Bayesian InferenceMental Health Research Topics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

To Parcel or Not to Parcel: Exploring the Question, Weighing the Merits

Little, Todd D., Cunningham, William A., Shahar, Golan, Widaman, Keith F.·2002·Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal

DOI 10.1207/s15328007sem0902_1

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We examine the controversial practice of using parcels of items as manifest variables in structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures. After detailing arguments pro and con, we conclude that the unconsidered use of parcels is never warranted, while, at the same time, the considered use of parcels cannot be dismissed out of hand. In large part, the decision to parcel or not depends on one's philosophical stance regarding scientific inquiry (e.g., empiricist vs. pragmatist) and the substantive goal of a study (e.g., to understand the structure of a set of items or to examine the nature of a set of constructs). Prior to creating parcels, however, we recommend strongly that investigators acquire a thorough understanding of the nature and dimensionality of the items to be parceled. With this knowledge in hand, various techniques for creating parcels can be utilized to minimize potential pitfalls and to optimize the measurement structure of constructs in SEM procedures. A number of parceling techniques are described, noting their strengths and weaknesses.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1207/s15328007sem0902_1

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).
Sitgreaves, R. (1979) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/018882 · Cited by 14,384
Sample size in factor analysis.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.1.84 · Cited by 5,497
Self-citation
Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the NEO personality inventory
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5 · Cited by 3,414
Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation.
Multon, K. D., Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (1991) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.38.1.30 · Cited by 2,309
Primary Mental Abilities
Thurstone, L. L. (1973) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6129-9_8 · Cited by 2,126
A guide to constructs of control.
Skinner, E. A. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.549 · Cited by 1,918
The European Red Mite
Headstrom, B. R. (1928) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.68.1750.38-a · Cited by 1,816
A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state self‐esteem
Bagozzi, R. P., & Heatherton, T. F. (1994) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519409539961 · Cited by 1,477
Mean and Covariance Structures (MACS) Analyses of Cross-Cultural Data: Practical and Theoretical Issues
Little, T. D. (1997) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3201_3 · Cited by 1,444
Self-citation

Show all 33 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
10.1037//0021-9010.73.1.107 · DOI
10.1037//0022-3514.71.3.549 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 1,070

Why item parcels are (almost) never appropriate: Two wrongs do not make a right—Camouflaging misspecification with item parcels in CFA models.
Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Nagengast, B., Morin, A. J. S., & von Davier, M. (2013) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0032773 · Cited by 416
Explaining pro-environmental behavior with a cognitive theory of stress
Homburg, A., & Stolberg, A. (2006) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.03.003 · Cited by 415
Longitudinal associations between depression, anxiety, pain, and pain-related disability in chronic pain patients
Lerman, S. F., Rudich, Z., Brill, S., Shalev, H., & Shahar, G. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000158 · Cited by 408
Self-citation
Resilience: Enhancing well-being through the positive cognitive triad.
Mak, W. W. S., Ng, I. S. W., & Wong, C. C. Y. (2011) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025195 · Cited by 408
Masking misfit in confirmatory factor analysis by increasing unique variances: A cautionary note on the usefulness of cutoff values of fit indices.
Heene, M., Hilbert, S., Draxler, C., Ziegler, M., & Bühner, M. (2011) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0024917 · Cited by 406
Illegitimate tasks as a source of work stress
Semmer, N. K., Jacobshagen, N., Meier, L. L., Elfering, A., Beehr, T. A., Kälin, W., & Tschan, F. (2015) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2014.1003996 · Cited by 404
Parameter Recovery and Model Fit Using Multidimensional Composites: A Comparison of Four Empirical Parceling Algorithms
Rogers, W. M., & Schmitt, N. (2004) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3903_1 · Cited by 402
How do job characteristics contribute to burnout? Exploring the distinct mediating roles of perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Fernet, C., Austin, S., Trépanier, S., & Dussault, M. (2012) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2011.632161 · Cited by 401
Affective mediators of intergroup contact: A three-wave longitudinal study in South Africa.
Swart, H., Hewstone, M., Christ, O., & Voci, A. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024450 · Cited by 400
Risk and protective factors associated with trajectories of depressed mood from adolescence to early adulthood.
Costello, D. M., Swendsen, J. D., Rose, J. S., & Dierker, L. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.2.173 · Cited by 399
Understanding transformational leadership–employee performance links: The role of relational identification and self‐efficacy
Walumbwa, F. O., & Hartnell, C. A. (2010) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317910x485818 · Cited by 395
Intergroup Trust in Northern Ireland
Tam, T., Hewstone, M., Kenworthy, J. B., & Cairns, E. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208325004 · Cited by 395
A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior: Norms and anticipated feelings of regret in conservationism
Kaiser, F. G. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.028 · Cited by 386
Dynamic Capability Building in Service Value Networks for Achieving Service Innovation
Agarwal, R., & Selen, W. J. (2009) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5915.2009.00236.x · Cited by 386
A relational model of sexual minority mental and physical health: The negative effects of shame on relationships, loneliness, and health.
Mereish, E. H., & Poteat, V. P. (2015) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000088 · Cited by 384
When distress hits home: The role of contextual factors and psychological distress in predicting employees' responses to abusive supervision.
Restubog, S. L. D., Scott, K. L., & Zagenczyk, T. J. (2011) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021593 · Cited by 381
Academic self‐efficacy in study‐related skills and behaviours: Relations with learning‐related emotions and academic success
Putwain, D. W., Sander, P., & Larkin, D. (2012) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.2012.02084.x · Cited by 381
Teachers' motivation to participate in training and to implement innovations
Gorozidis, G. S., & Papaioannou, A. G. (2013) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2013.12.001 · Cited by 381
How Low Should You Go? Low Response Rates and the Validity of Inference in IS Questionnaire Research
Sivo, S. A., Saunders, C., Chang, Q., & Jiang, J. J. (2006) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00093 · Cited by 380
Measurement models for linking latent variables and indicators: A review of human resource management research using parcels
Williams, L. J., & O’Boyle, E. H. (2008) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.07.002 · Cited by 376
Testing a Four-Factor Model of Psychopathy and Its Association With Ethnicity, Gender, Intelligence, and Violence.
Vitacco, M. J., Neumann, C. S., & Jackson, R. L. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.466 · Cited by 376
The road to creative achievement: a latent variable model of ability and personality predictors
Jauk, E., Benedek, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2014) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1941 · Cited by 375
“Although some concerns have been expressed towards the use of parcels, it can well be justified when the goal of a study is to understand latent structure of a set of constructs rather than the structure of a set of items (Little et al., 2002).”
Background
A longitudinal analysis of achievement goals: From affective antecedents to emotional effects and achievement outcomes.
Daniels, L. M., Stupnisky, R. H., Pekrun, R. H., Haynes, T. L., Perry, R. P., & Newall, N. E. G. (2009) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016096 · Cited by 375
The Justice Sensitivity Inventory: Factorial Validity, Location in the Personality Facet Space, Demographic Pattern, and Normative Data
Schmitt, M., Baumert, A., Gollwitzer, M., & Maes, J. (2010) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-010-0115-2 · Cited by 374
Do we become a different person when hitting the road? Personality development of sojourners.
Zimmermann, J., & Neyer, F. J. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033019 · Cited by 374
Attachment, Social Competencies, Social Support, and Psychological Distress.
Mallinckrodt, B. S., & Wei, M. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.358 · Cited by 372
Perceived organizational support and affective organizational commitment: Moderating influence of perceived organizational competence
Kim, K. Y., Eisenberger, R., & Baik, K. (2016) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2081 · Cited by 371
Predicting Students’ Physical Activity and Health-Related Well-Being: A Prospective Cross-Domain Investigation of Motivation Across School Physical Education and Exercise Settings
Standage, M., Gillison, F., Ntoumanis, N., & Treasure, D. C. (2012) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.34.1.37 · Cited by 370
Executive function in daily life: Age-related influences of executive processes on instrumental activities of daily living.
Vaughan, L., & Giovanello, K. S. (2010) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0017729 · Cited by 368
Personal Teaching Efficacy and Its Sources: Student teachers’ perceptions
Poulou, M. S. (2007) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410601066693 · Cited by 363
The acceptance model of intuitive eating: A comparison of women in emerging adulthood, early adulthood, and middle adulthood.
Augustus-Horvath, C. L., & Tylka, T. L. (2011) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022129 · Cited by 362
The role of personality dispositions to risky behavior in predicting first-year college drinking
Cyders, M. A., Flory, K., Rainer, S., & Smith, G. T. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02434.x · Cited by 360
Why does parents' involvement enhance children's achievement? The role of parent-oriented motivation.
Cheung, C. S.-S., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2012) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027183 · Cited by 355
Parental involvement in homework: Relations with parent and student achievement‐related motivational beliefs and achievement
Gonida, E. Ν., & Cortina, K. S. (2014) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12039 · Cited by 354
A Scale to Measure Nonattachment: A Buddhist Complement to Western Research on Attachment and Adaptive Functioning
Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., & Brown, K. W. (2010) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890903425960 · Cited by 352
Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later.
Steiger, A. E., Allemand, M., Robins, R. W., & Fend, H. A. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035133 · Cited by 348
Psychological Capital Among University Students: Relationships with Study Engagement and Intrinsic Motivation
Siu, O. L., Bakker, A. B., & Jiang, X. (2013) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-013-9459-2 · Cited by 348
Attitudes toward online social connection and self-disclosure as predictors of Facebook communication and relational closeness
Ledbetter, A. M., Mazer, J. P., DeGroot, J. M., Meyer, K. R., Mao, Y., & Swafford, B. (2011) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650210365537 · Cited by 346
Job engagement, perceived organizational support, high‐performance human resource practices, and cultural value orientations: A cross‐level investigation
Zhong, L., Wayne, S. J., & Liden, R. C. (2015) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2076 · Cited by 346
Creation of Short and Very Short Measures of the Five Cs of Positive Youth Development
Geldhof, G. J., Bowers, E. P., Boyd, M. J., Mueller, M. K., Napolitano, C. M., Schmid, K. L., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2013) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12039 · Cited by 343
The Use of Structural Equation Modeling in Counseling Psychology Research
Martens, M. P. (2005) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000004272260 · Cited by 343
Exploration and exploitation strategies, profit performance, and the mediating role of strategic learning: Escaping the exploitation trap
Sirén, C. A., Kohtamäki, M., & Kuckertz, A. (2012) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1126 · Cited by 339
The importance of attitudes toward technology for pre-service teachers' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge: Comparing structural equation modeling approaches
Scherer, R., Tondeur, J., Siddiq, F., & Baran, E. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.003 · Cited by 339
Improving the normalization of complex interventions: part 2 - validation of the NoMAD instrument for assessing implementation work based on normalization process theory (NPT)
Finch, T. L., Girling, M., May, C. R., Mair, F. S., Murray, E., Treweek, S., McColl, E., Steen, I. N., Cook, C., Vernazza, C. R., et al. (2018) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-018-0591-x · Cited by 337
Third parties’ reactions to the abusive supervision of coworkers
Mitchell, M. S., Vogel, R. M., & Folger, R. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000002 · Cited by 337
The Relationships Among Gratitude, Self-esteem, Social Support and Life Satisfaction Among Undergraduate Students
Kong, F., Ding, K., & Zhao, J. (2014) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9519-2 · Cited by 337
Mindfulness, authentic functioning, and work engagement: a growth modeling approach
Leroy, H., Anseel, F., Dimitrova, N. G., & Sels, L. (2013) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.012 · Cited by 336
Customer Prioritization: Does it Pay off, and how Should it be Implemented?
Homburg, C., Droll, M., & Totzek, D. (2008) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.72.5.110 · Cited by 334
Selecting the Best Items for a Short-Form of the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire
Lafontaine, M.-F., Brassard, A., Lussier, Y., Valois, P., Shaver, P. R., & Johnson, S. M. (2016) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000243 · Cited by 220
How do transformational leaders foster positive employee outcomes? A self‐determination‐based analysis of employees' needs as mediating links
Kovjanic, S., Schuh, S. C., Jonas, K. W., Quaquebeke, N. V., & van Dick, R. (2012) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1771 · Cited by 331
A New Stress-Based Model of Political Extremism: Personal Exposure to Terrorism, Psychological Distress, and Exclusionist Political Attitudes
Canetti-Nisim, D., Halperin, E., Sharvit, K., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2009) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002709333296 · Cited by 329
Non-linear relationship between industrial service offering and sales growth: The moderating role of network capabilities
Kohtamäki, M., Partanen, J. P., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2013) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.07.018 · Cited by 329
Passion and grit: An exploration of the pathways leading to venture success
Mueller, B. A., Wolfe, M. T., & Syed, I. (2017) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.02.001 · Cited by 328
A paradigm for examining second-order factor models employing structural equation modeling
Koufteros, X. A., Babbar, S., & Kaighobadi, M. (2009) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.04.010 · Cited by 326
Factors affecting home care patients' acceptance of a web-based interactive self-management technology
Or, C. K., Karsh, B., Severtson, D. J., Burke, L. J., Brown, R., & Brennan, P. F. (2010) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1136/jamia.2010.007336 · Cited by 326
Examining Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Exercise Goals: Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Outcomes
Sebire, S. J., Standage, M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2009) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.31.2.189 · Cited by 326
Integrating Moderation and Mediation
Sardeshmukh, S. R., & Vandenberg, R. J. (2016) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428115621609 · Cited by 327
Is Self-Esteem a Cause or Consequence of Social Support? A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
Marshall, S., Parker, P. D., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C. L. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12176 · Cited by 324
Intolerance of uncertainty, appraisals, coping, and anxiety: The case of the 2009 H 1 N 1 pandemic
Taha, S., Matheson, K., Cronin, T., & Anisman, H. (2014) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12058 · Cited by 323
Two Concepts or Two Approaches? A Bifactor Analysis of Psychological and Subjective Well-Being
Chen, F., Jing, Y., Hayes, A. M., & Lee, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9367-x · Cited by 323
Examining the factor structures of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Self-Compassion Scale.
Williams, M. J., Dalgleish, T., Karl, A., & Kuyken, W. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0035566 · Cited by 321
The Subjective Well-being Construct: A Test of its Convergent, Discriminant, and Factorial Validity
Arthaud-Day, M. L., Rode, J. C., Mooney, C. H., & Near, J. P. (2005) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-004-8209-6 · Cited by 321
Chinese public’s knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of COVID-19 and their associations with emotional and behavioural reactions, social participation, and precautionary behaviour: a national survey
Li, J., Yang, A., Dou, K., Wang, L., Zhang, M., & Lin, X.-Q. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09695-1 · Cited by 321
Adolescents’ Social Network Site Use, Peer Appearance-Related Feedback, and Body Dissatisfaction: Testing a Mediation Model
de Vries, D. A., Peter, J., de Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0266-4 · Cited by 320
“In the structural equation models, the eight items of the body dissatisfaction scale were combined into three parcels using the item-to-construct balanced procedure suggested by Little et al. (2002).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Severity Indices of Personality Problems (SIPP-118): Development, factor structure, reliability, and validity.
Verheul, R., Andrea, H., Berghout, C. C., Dolan, C. V., Busschbach, J. J. V., van der Kroft, P. J. A., BATEMAN, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2008) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.20.1.23 · Cited by 318
Job-search strategies and reemployment quality
Koen, J., Klehe, U., Vianen, A. E. M. V., Zikic, J., & Nauta, A. (2010) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.004 · Cited by 316
Reciprocal effects of work stressors and counterproductive work behavior: A five-wave longitudinal study.
Meier, L. L., & Spector, P. E. (2013) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031732 · Cited by 314
Transformational leadership, adaptability, and job crafting: The moderating role of organizational identification
Wang, H.-J., Demerouti, E., & Le Blanc, P. (2017) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.009 · Cited by 313
Responsiveness to Customers and Competitors: The Role of Affective and Cognitive Organizational Systems
Homburg, C., Grozdanovic, M., & Klarmann, M. (2007) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.71.3.18 · Cited by 313
Implicit and Explicit Ethnocentrism: Revisiting the Ideologies of Prejudice
Cunningham, W. A., Nezlek, J. B., & Banaji, M. R. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204264654 · Cited by 311
Self-citation
Physical self-concept and self-esteem mediate cross-sectional relations of physical activity and sport participation with depression symptoms among adolescent girls.
Dishman, R. K., Hales, D. P., Pfeiffer, K. A., Felton, G., Saunders, R. P., Ward, D. S., Dowda, M. C., & Pate, R. R. (2006) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.25.3.396 · Cited by 311
Are Telecommuters Remotely Good Citizens? Unpacking Telecommuting's Effects on Performance Via I‐Deals and Job Resources
Gajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A., & Delaney‐Klinger, K. (2015) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12082 · Cited by 310
Suppression and interpersonal harmony: A cross-cultural comparison between Chinese and European Americans.
Wei, M., Su, J. C., Carrera, S. G., Lin, S.-P., & Yi, F. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033413 · Cited by 309
Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depressive symptoms from young adulthood to old age.
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015922 · Cited by 308
Differentiating environmental concern in the context of psychological adaption to climate change
Helm, S. V., Pollitt, A., Barnett, M. A., Curran, M. A., & Craig, Z. R. (2018) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.012 · Cited by 307
Protesting to challenge or defend the system? A system justification perspective on collective action
Osborne, D., Jost, J. T., Becker, J. C., Badaan, V., & Sibley, C. G. (2018) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2522 · Cited by 307
Adolescents’ Identity Experiments on the Internet: Consequences for Social Competence and Self-Concept Unity
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2008) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650207313164 · Cited by 306
Students' expectation, satisfaction, and continuance intention to use digital textbooks
Joo, Y. J., Park, S., & Shin, E. K. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.025 · Cited by 306
Leader Humor as an Interpersonal Resource: Integrating Three Theoretical Perspectives
Cooper, C. D., Kong, D. T., & Crossley, C. D. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2014.0358 · Cited by 306
A Longitudinal Investigation of Coping Processes During a Merger: Implications for Job Satisfaction and Organizational Identification
Amiot, C. E., Terry, D. J., Jimmieson, N. L., & Callan, V. J. (2006) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206306287542 · Cited by 303
Big Five personality stability, change, and codevelopment across adolescence and early adulthood.
Borghuis, J., Denissen, J. J. A., Oberski, D. L., Sijtsma, K., Meeus, W., Branje, S., Koot, H. M., & Bleidorn, W. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000138 · Cited by 303
Ethnic identity and acculturation in Hispanic early adolescents: Mediated relationships to academic grades, prosocial behaviors, and externalizing symptoms.
Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., & Jarvis, L. H. (2007) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.4.364 · Cited by 301
Knowledge hiding as a barrier to thriving: The mediating role of psychological safety and moderating role of organizational cynicism
Jiang, Z., Hu, X., Wang, Z., & Jiang, X. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2358 · Cited by 301
Role resources and work–family enrichment: The role of work engagement
Siu, O. L., Lu, J., Brough, P. A., Lu, C., Bakker, A. B., Kalliath, T. J., O’Driscoll, M. P., Phillips, D. R., Chen, W., Lo, D., et al. (2010) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.06.007 · Cited by 300
The Impact of Intergroup Emotions on Forgiveness in Northern Ireland
Tam, T., Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., Tausch, N., Maio, G. R., & Kenworthy, J. B. (2007) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430207071345 · Cited by 300
Stability and change in the Big Five personality domains: Evidence from a longitudinal study of Australians.
Wortman, J., Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2012) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0029322 · Cited by 298
Disentangling the effects of low self-esteem and stressful events on depression: Findings from three longitudinal studies.
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Meier, L. L. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015645 · Cited by 298
The Roles of Perceived Teacher Support, Motivational Climate, and Psychological Need Satisfaction in Students’ Physical Education Motivation
Cox, A., & Williams, L. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.30.2.222 · Cited by 297
Reciprocal relationships between math self-concept and math anxiety
Ahmed, W., Minnaert, A. E. M. G., Kuyper, H., & van der Werf, G. P. C. (2011) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.12.004 · Cited by 297
Structural equation modeling of multitrait-multimethod data: Different models for different types of methods.
Eid, M., Nußbeck, F. W., Geiser, C., Cole, D. A., Gollwitzer, M., & Lischetzke, T. (2008) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0013219 · Cited by 294
Relationships at school and stage‐environment fit as resources for adolescent engagement and achievement
Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Chipuer, H. M., Hanisch, M., Creed, P. A., & McGregor, L. (2006) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.008 · Cited by 294
Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty: requisites of the fundamental fears?
Nicholas Carleton, R., Sharpe, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.006 · Cited by 293
The Impact of a Flagship vs. a Brand Store on Brand Attitude, Brand Attachment and Brand Equity
Dolbec, P.-Y., & Chebat, J. (2013) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2013.06.003 · Cited by 293
Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking peer victimization to internalizing symptoms in adolescents.
McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Hilt, L. M. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015760 · Cited by 292
The performance benefits of being brand‐orientated
Wong, H. Y., & Merrilees, B. (2008) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/10610420810904112 · Cited by 291
The problem of empirical redundancy of constructs in organizational research: An empirical investigation
Le, H., Schmidt, F. L., Harter, J. K., & Lauver, K. J. (2010) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.02.003 · Cited by 291
Effects of Psychological Contract Breach on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: Insights from the Group Value Model
Restubog, S. L. D., Hornsey, M. J., Bordia, P., & Esposo, S. R. (2008) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00792.x · Cited by 290
Factor structure of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL: YV) in incarcerated adolescents.
Neumann, C. S., Kosson, D. S., Forth, A. E., & Hare, R. D. (2006) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.142 · Cited by 289
Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated mediation model including work engagement and job strain
Schmitt, A., Den Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2016) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12143 · Cited by 288
Emotion regulation predicts symptoms of depression over five years
Berking, M., Wirtz, C. M., Svaldi, J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.003 · Cited by 288

Authors: Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
University of California, Davis (US)
ORCID: Little, Todd D.
Cunningham, William A.
Shahar, Golan
Widaman, Keith F.
Venue: Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2002-04
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Pages: 151-173
ISSN: 1070-5511 (ISSN-L)
1532-8007
DOI: 10.1207/s15328007sem0902_1
OpenAlex: W2006763260
Cited by: 6,552
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 467 · 2025: 345 · 2024: 328 · 2023: 358 · 2022: 431 · 2021: 423 · 2020: 426 · 2019: 432 · 2018: 372 · 2017: 367 · 2016: 380 · 2015: 343 · 2014: 345 · 2013: 303 · 2012: 304
FWCI: 51.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal (publishedVersion)
Funders: Yale University
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: parceling, manifest variables, measurement structure, construct measurement, dimensionality, measurement invariance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

To Parcel or Not to Parcel: Exploring the Question, Weighing the Merits

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks