The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Temperament and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Development of a Multiple Pathway Model
Abstract
This article outlines the parallels between major theories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and relevant temperament domains, summarizing recent research from our laboratories on (a) child temperament and (b) adult personality traits related to ADHD symptoms. These data are convergent in suggesting a role of effortful control and regulation in the core symptoms of ADHD. Negative approach and anger is also associated with ADHD, but this may be due to the overlap of ADHD and antisocial behavior. Positive approach may be involved in an alternate pathway to ADHD. The involvement of effortful control is congruent with experimental findings of executive functioning deficits in children with ADHD. We hypothesize that, whereas regulation problems may occur in most children with ADHD, a subgroup also may be characterized by positive approach problems and another subgroup by negative approach problems. We conclude with a theorized multiple process developmental model outlining alternate pathways to ADHD that warrant empirical investigation to better resolve etiological heterogeneity in ADHD.
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“However, there is now considerable justification suggesting that multiple developmental and pathophysiological pathways inform ADHD symptomatology (Fair et al., 2012; Nigg et al., 2004; Sonuga-Barke et al., 2003).”
From Reward circuit connectivity relates to delay discounting in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2013) · cites this paper as Nigg et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“Nigg et al. (2004) proposed that children with ADHD and DBD are centrally characterized by poor affect regulation.”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Nigg et al. 2004
Citations
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“To link personality to temperament, it is easiest to work from trait models of personality, which have reached some degree of convergence in the past decade (Nigg, 2000).”
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Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn896 · Cited by 1,827 · cited 1×
“C commends a multiprocess model, as several theorists have recently suggested (Castellanos & Tannock, 2002; Sagvolden et al., 1998; Sonuga-Barke, 2002).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 · Cited by 3,568
Self-citationEgger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x · Cited by 1,575
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66915-2 · Cited by 1,463
Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction
Castellanos, F. X., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Milham, M. P., & Tannock, R. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.011 · Cited by 1,170
sagvolden, T., johansen, E. B., aase, H., & russell, V. A. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000075 · Cited by 1,035
Metadata
- Authors
- Nigg, J. T., Goldsmith, H. H., & Sachek, J.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-53
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- OpenAlex
- W1971976194
- Cited by
- 383
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH44340, R37 MH59785, R01 MH-59105, MH63146, R01MH063146, R01MH059105, R01MH044340)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, temperament, effortful control, emotion regulation, approach behavior, anger, antisocial behavior, executive function, personality traits, etiologic heterogeneity, child development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anger, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Models, Psychological, Personality Development, Risk Factors, Temperament
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