Circadian variations in plasma corticosterone permit normal termination of adrenocorticotropin responses to stress

JACOBSON, LAUREN; AKANA, SUSAN F.; CASCIO, CAREN S.; SHINSAKO, JEANETTE; DALLMAN, MARY F.

doi:10.1210/endo-122-4-1343

Cited by 143Stress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and DisordersNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

Circadian variations in plasma corticosterone permit normal termination of adrenocorticotropin responses to stress

JACOBSON, LAUREN, AKANA, SUSAN F., CASCIO, CAREN S., SHINSAKO, JEANETTE, DALLMAN, MARY F.·1988·Endocrinology

DOI 10.1210/endo-122-4-1343

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Abstract

We previously reported that adrenalectomized rats given constant corticosterone via a sc pellet (B-PELLET) hypersecrete ACTH in response to stress. Although lacking a feedback signal, B-PELLET rats do not secrete ACTH indefinitely after stress; plasma ACTH levels in these animals returned to those in sham-operated (SHAM) rats within 1-4 h after 2-min restraint. To distinguish between the requirement for circadian or stress-induced increases in corticosterone, we compared changes in ACTH and corticosterone levels after stress in SHAM and B-PELLET rats with those in cyanoketone-treated rats (CK) and adrenalectomized rats given corticosterone in their drinking fluid (B-WATER). B-WATER rats exhibited sustained increases in plasma corticosterone after lights-off, correlating with the nocturnal feeding period. Morning plasma corticosterone levels in B-WATER rats were constant and even lower than those in B-PELLET rats; however, B-WATER rats did not differ from SHAM rats in their ACTH response to ip injection. CK rats, which have an approximately normal circadian corticosterone rhythm but do not have significant corticosterone responses to acute stimuli, also exhibited plasma ACTH levels similar to those of SHAM rats at all times after 5-min restraint. Compared with SHAM and B-WATER rats in the same experiment, B-PELLET rats tended to hypersecrete ACTH 60 min after 5 min of restraint, but only had significantly elevated plasma ACTH relative to both groups 45 min after 10 min of restraint. We conclude that circadian, rather than stress-induced, increases in corticosterone may be sufficient for normal termination of ACTH responses to stress.

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Disruption of circadian patterns of CORT by adrenalectomy and tonic replacement results in a sluggish HPA axis response with poor shutoff of ACTH after stressor termination, in contrast to diurnal CORT replacement.
“Indeed, if circadian patterns of CORT are disrupted by adrenalectomy (ADX) and tonic replacement of CORT via a pellet implant providing no diurnal rhythm, this results in a “sluggish” HPA axis response, with poor shutoff of adrenocorticotropic hormone following termination of a stressor, in contrast to the situation in which the ADX animal drinks CORT in the water in a diurnal pattern.18”
From Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Disruption (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
Healthy regulation of HPA function requires rhythmic glucocorticoids.
“The differential regulation of cellular rhythms in different brain regions is of particular interest when considering “healthy” regulation of HPA function requires rhythmic glucocorticoids, as discussed above.18”
From Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Disruption (2015) · cites this paper as [18]

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Authors: JACOBSON, L., AKANA, S. F., CASCIO, C. S., SHINSAKO, J., & DALLMAN, M. F.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
ORCID: JACOBSON, LAUREN
Venue: Endocrinology
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 1988-04
Volume: 122
Issue: 4
Pages: 1343-1348
ISSN: 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
1945-7170
DOI: 10.1210/endo-122-4-1343
OpenAlex: W1989636587
Cited by: 143
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (KD28172)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL29714)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: circadian rhythm, corticosterone, ACTH, ACTH secretion, stress response, adrenalectomy, cyanoketone, restraint stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, nocturnal feeding
MeSH terms: Adrenalectomy, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Corticosterone, Male, Rats, Inbred Strains, Stress, Physiological, Time Factors, Rats

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Circadian variations in plasma corticosterone permit normal termination of adrenocorticotropin responses to stress

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