The DOI matches its Crossref record; 407 of the 408 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 to the Bone
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a ubiquitous growth factor that is implicated in the control of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of many different cell types. It influences such diverse processes as embryogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. In skeletal tissue, TGF-β1 plays a major role in development and maintenance, affecting both cartilage and bone metabolism, the latter being the subject of this review. Because it affects both cells of the osteoblast and osteoclast lineage, TGF-β1 is one of the most important factors in the bone environment, helping to retain the balance between the dynamic processes of bone resorption and bone formation. Many seemingly contradictory reports have been published on the exact functioning of TGF-β1 in the bone milieu. This review provides an overall picture of the bone-specific actions of TGF-β1 and reconciles experimental discrepancies that have been reported for this multifunctional cytokine.
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“Noted exercise-associated bone-derived factors affecting bone formation include TGFβ1 (REF.162) and sclerostin163.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [162]
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Signal Transduction Cascades Controlling Osteoblast Differentiation
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“Moreover, ALK5 was suggested to be the only type I receptor of TGF-β signaling pathway in bone cells (Janssens et al., 2005).”
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“In vivo, the interactions with other growth factors in the bone environment and the environment as such determine the final outcome of TGF-β on bone remodeling [72].”
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“…activate transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β 1) (which, in turn, attracts osteoblasts and enhances proliferation, differentiation, proteoglycan synthesis, and type I collagen production) and stimulate type II collagen expression and proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocyte precursor cells [24].”
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“TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 promote early osteoblast differentiation but inhibit differentiation and mineralization in the later phases’ regeneration 21–25 .”
BackgroundThe Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Bone Biology
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Rac limits TGF-β-induced VEGF synthesis in osteoblasts
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“It is generally recognized that TGF-β promotes bone remodeling, a process initiated by osteoclastic bone resorption and subsequent osteoblastic bone formation (Janssens et al., 2005).”
Heat shock protein 22 (HSPB8) limits TGF-β-stimulated migration of osteoblasts
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“demonstrated an increase in bone formation by Tgfb due to enhancement of migration of osteoblast progenitors and stimulating their proliferation.(46,47) Furthermore, during physiological bone re-”
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“Osteoblast differentiation (osteoblastogenesis) is sustained by local factors, such as the transforming growth factorbeta (TGF-β), bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), and the activation of the Wingless-INT (Wnt) pathway [14,15].”
BackgroundOsteoprotegerin and Bone Mass in Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer Patients
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“TGFb is released from the bone matrix with bone resorption [ 15 ]; therefore, an increase in bone resorption could result simultaneously in a decrease in BMD and an increase in TGF-b.”
BackgroundComparison Study of Bone Defect Healing Effect of Raw and Processed Pyritum in Rats
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“Stimulatory effects on bone healing and bone formation have been evaluated in various experimental settings (Janssens et al. 2005).”
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“In skeletal tissues, TGF-β 1 was proven to regulate osteochondral development and maintenance by affecting metabolism in cartilage and bone [158].”
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BackgroundInfluentialTGF-β1-triggered BMI1 and SMAD2 cooperatively regulate miR-191 to modulate bone formation
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Hu, Y. F., & Li, H. (2022) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605221123904 · Cited by 13
PDGF mediates TGFβ-induced migration during development of the spinous process
Wang, Y., & Serra, R. A. (2012) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.013 · Cited by 10
“TGFβ signals through a dual receptor system of type I and type II transmembrane serine/threonine kinases (Janssens et al., 2005).”
BackgroundRelationship between serum TGF-β1, OPG levels and osteoporotic risk in native Chinese women
Xie, G., Lei, D.-D., He, H., Gong, J., Chen, C., Chen, P., Zhang, H., Luo, X., Liao, E.-Y., & Wu, X. (2013) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.019 · Cited by 10
Taniyama, K., Shirakata, Y., Yoshimoto, T., Takeuchi, N., Yoshihara, Y., & Noguchi, K. (2012) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.033 · Cited by 10
Zhang, N., Wu, X., Wu, X., Fu, X., Du, X.-Y., Xie, H., Peng, Y., Luo, X., & Liao, E.-Y. (2009) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2009.01.021 · Cited by 10
Sclerosing bone dysplasias with involvement of the craniofacial skeleton
Waterval, J. J., Borra, V., Hul, W. V., Stokroos, R. J., & Manni, J. J. (2013) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2013.12.003 · Cited by 10
Serum and follicular fluid fetuin-A in women undergoing in vitro fertilization
Bódis, J., Peti, A., Sulyok, E., Kovács, G. L., & Várnagy, Á. (2014) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2014-0211 · Cited by 10
“The involvement of the modulation of TGF-β signaling in this process has been established [24].”
BackgroundZimmermann, E. A., DeVet, T., Cilla, M., Albiol, L., Kavaseri, K., Andrea, C., Julien, C., Tiedemann, K., Panahifar, A., Alidokht, S. A., et al. (2024) · Matrix Biology Plus · doi:10.1016/j.mbplus.2024.100155 · Cited by 10
Miyamoto, Y., Kanzaki, H., Wada, S., Tsuruoka, S., Itohiya, K., Kumagai, K., Hamada, Y., & Nakamura, Y. (2017) · Bone Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bonr.2017.07.002 · Cited by 9
“TGF-β, one of the most abundant cytokines in the bone matrix (Bismar et al., 1999), has been proven to play a central role in bone remodeling by regulating migration, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoprogenitors (Jian et al., 2006; Tang et al., 2009; Janssens et al., 2005).”
BackgroundAmr, M., EL-DINN, M. M., & Farid, A. (2023) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105760 · Cited by 10
Wang, K., Wu, Z., Gong, C.-Y., Zhao, G., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Orthopaedic Surgery · doi:10.1111/os.13912 · Cited by 9
Skeletal Regeneration by Mesenchymal Stem Cells: What Else?
Jose, A., Claros, S., Jiménez-Palomo, P., José, M., Zamora-Navas, P., Guerado, E., Monleon, M., Maria, C., & Becerr, J. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/20889 · Cited by 14
“111 Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering - Cells and Biomaterials 112 (Andrades et al., 2003; van der Kraan et al., 2009; Janssens et al., 2005).”
BackgroundElevated local TGF-β1 level predisposes a closed bone fracture to tuberculosis infection
Li, H., Liang, C., Tao, Y., Shen, C., & Chen, Q. (2012) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.005 · Cited by 9
de Moraes, M., Neto, P. C. D. R., de Matos, F. R., Lopes, M. L. D. D. S., de Azevedo, P. R. M., & Costa, A. D. L. L. (2014) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.010 · Cited by 9
“In a literature review, Janssens et al (38) analyzed 39 studies that investigated the effect of TGF-b1 on bone tissue, and they concluded that TGF-b1 promotes the healing of bone fractures and bone formation in vivo.”
BackgroundSimulated Interventions to Ameliorate Age-Related Bone Loss Indicate the Importance of Timing
Proctor, C. J., & Gartland, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00061 · Cited by 10
Predictors of low bone density and fracture risk in Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Guerrerio, A. L., Mateja, A., Rasooly, M. M., Levin, S., Magnani, A., Dempsey, C., MacCarrick, G. L., Dietz, H. C., Brittain, E., Boyce, A. M., et al. (2021) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.gim.2021.10.002 · Cited by 9
González, O., Fong, K. D., Trindade, M. C. D., Warren, S. M., Longaker, M. T., & Smith, R. L. (2008) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e31817d5ff1 · Cited by 9
Hu, Y., Lau, P., Baumstark‐Khan, C., Hellweg, C. E., & Reitz, G. (2012) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.02.001 · Cited by 8
Ganova, P., Gyurkovska, V., Belenska-Todorova, L. F., & Ivanovska, N. (2017) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.023 · Cited by 9
Gardner, C. R. (2007) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0450-2 · Cited by 9
“Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) has been shown to have complex effects on osteoclast development and functions (Fox and Lovibond 2005; Janssens et al. 2005).”
BackgroundRamani, H., Cleret‐Buhot, A., Sylla, M., Bunet, R., Bertrand, F., Peet, M.-M., Chartrand‐Lefebvre, C., Trottier, B., Thomas, R., Routy, J., et al. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14070481 · Cited by 9
“However, the role of TGF-β , a ubiquitous growth factor, in osteoblasts/osteoclasts is complex and important in retaining the dynamic balance between these cell types and seems to be contextual and depends on the cell origin and environment [72].”
A remotely controlled nanotherapeutic with immunomodulatory property for MRSA-induced bone infection
Zhao, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Huang, S. Y., Xing, G., Zhang, K., Ma, X., Zhang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123298 · Cited by 8
Sakkas, E. G., Paltoglou, G., Linardi, A., Gryparis, A., Nteka, E., Chalarakis, N., Mantzou, A., Vrachnis, N., Iliodromiti, Z., Koukkou, E. G., et al. (2018) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13843 · Cited by 8
Yao, H., Zou, Y., Yang, K., Yin, L., Liu, Y., & Li, R. (2020) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.45786 · Cited by 8
Helaehil, J. V., Huang, B., Bártolo, P., Santamaria, M., & Caetano, G. F. (2025) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2025.112158 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Janssens, K., ten Dijke, P., Janssens, S., & Van Hul, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology (P.t.D.), Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands;
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Department of Medical Genetics (K.J., W.V.H.), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Venue
- Endocrine Reviews
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2005-10-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 743-774
- ISSN
- 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7189
- OpenAlex
- W2144206769
- Cited by
- 710
- References
- 408
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Universiteit Antwerpen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- TGF-β1, bone metabolism, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone remodeling, bone resorption, bone formation, cartilage, skeletal development, cytokine signaling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone and Bones, Bone Development, Bone Resorption, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Phenotype, Stem Cells, Signal Transduction, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Protein Isoforms, Transforming Growth Factor beta1
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