Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming fructose- and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals in obese men and women: influence of insulin resistance on plasma triglyceride responses
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CONTEXT: Compared with glucose-sweetened beverages, consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with meals elevates postprandial plasma triglycerides and lowers 24-h insulin and leptin profiles in normal-weight women. The effects of fructose, compared with glucose, ingestion on metabolic profiles in obese subjects has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of fructose- and glucose-sweetened beverages consumed with meals on hormones and metabolic substrates in obese subjects. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study had a within-subject design conducted in the clinical and translational research center. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 17 obese men (n = 9) and women (n = 8), with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m(2). INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were studied under two conditions involving ingestion of mixed nutrient meals with either glucose-sweetened beverages or fructose-sweetened beverages. The beverages provided 30% of total kilocalories. Blood samples were collected over 24 h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Area under the curve (24 h AUC) for glucose, lactate, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, uric acid, triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acids was measured. RESULTS: Compared with glucose-sweetened beverages, fructose consumption was associated with lower AUCs for insulin (1052.6 +/- 135.1 vs. 549.2 +/- 79.7 muU/ml per 23 h, P < 0.001) and leptin (151.9 +/- 22.7 vs. 107.0 +/- 15.0 ng/ml per 24 h, P < 0.03) and increased AUC for TG (242.3 +/- 96.8 vs. 704.3 +/- 124.4 mg/dl per 24 h, P < 0.0001). Insulin-resistant subjects exhibited larger 24-h TG profiles (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In obese subjects, consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with meals was associated with less insulin secretion, blunted diurnal leptin profiles, and increased postprandial TG concentrations compared with glucose consumption. Increases of TGs were augmented in obese subjects with insulin resistance, suggesting that fructose consumption may exacerbate an already adverse metabolic profile present in many obese subjects.
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Sugary foods have been significantly associated with the development of insulin resistance in laboratory-based studies.
“Sugary foods have been significantly associated with the development of insulin resistance in laboratory-based studies [18], [19].”
From The relationship of sugar to population-level diabetes prevalence: an econometric analysis of repeated cross-sectional data (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Teff, K. L., Grudziak, J., Townsend, R. R., Dunn, T. N., Grant, R. W., Adams, S. H., Keim, N. L., Cummings, B. P., Stanhope, K. L., & Havel, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Monell Chemical Senses Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Teff, Karen L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2009-05-01
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1562-1569
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC2684484
- OpenAlex
- W2135266778
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 17.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (5306‐51530‐016‐00D)
- University of Pennsylvania
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl075675-05, 58108, 5r01hl091333-02, HL‐091333, HL‐075675)
- Agricultural Research Service
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL-075675, HL 075675, R01 HL-091333, HL-091333, R01HL107256)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 19525, R03DK058108, R01DK058003, DK58003, DK-58108, P30DK019525)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000042)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (AT 002599, R21AT003645, R21AT002599, AT-003645)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- fructose, glucose, sweetened beverages, obesity, insulin resistance, plasma triglycerides, postprandial lipemia, leptin, ghrelin, insulin secretion, uric acid, free fatty acids, endocrine metabolism, leptin resistance, visceral fat, abdominal circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Beverages, Blood Glucose, Diet, Eating, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Fructose, Glucose, Hormones, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Obesity, Sex Characteristics, Triglycerides, Uric Acid, Body Mass Index, Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period, Leptin, Ghrelin, Young Adult
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