Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin.
Abstract
Circulating concentrations of leptin ([leptin]) vary directly with body mass index and percentage body fat, and may thus constitute an afferent limb of a system regulating body fatness. We tested the hypotheses that: 1) Plasma [leptin] vary more directly with absolute fat mass than with fractional body fatness per se: and 2). The relationship between fat mass and [leptin] is significantly affected by gender and by menopausal status. [Leptin] in the post-absorptive state was examined in 67 subjects (26 male, 20 premenopausal female, 21 postmenopausal females; 43 never-obese, 24 obese) at usual body weight. Body composition was determined by hydrodensitometry, and [leptin] was determined by a double antibody ELISA assay. In male and pre-menopausal female subjects, subcutaneous adipose tissue aspirations were performed for determination of adipocyte volume by the osmium fixation method, and a 3 hour oral glucose tolerance tests was performed. At usual body weight, ([leptin]) was better correlated with absolute fat mass than with body mass index (BMI) or percentage body fat. BMI and % body fat did not account for any of the variance in [leptin] beyond that attributable to FM, per se. The regression equations relating FM to [leptin] did not differ significantly between obese and never-obese subjects. [Leptin] and fasting serum insulin concentrations were significantly correlated in males only. [Leptin] was significantly higher in pre- and post-menopausal females compared to males, even when [leptin] was corrected for differences in body composition (pre-menopausal females > post-menopausal females > males). While plasma [leptin], corrected for FM, declines significantly in women post-menopause, this decline is not sufficient to account for the striking sexual dimorphism in the relationship of leptin to fat mass. This sexual dimorphism is apparently also due, in part, to a suppressive effect of circulating androgens on [leptin].
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In the case of leptin, the increase in females is apparent before puberty and remains after menopause.
“While some of these differences are related to the action of sex hormones, in the case of leptin, the increase in females is apparent before puberty and remains after menopause [16, 17].”
From Sex differences in metabolic homeostasis, diabetes, and obesity (2015) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Rosenbaum, M., Nicolson, M., Hirsch, J., Heymsfield, S. B., Gallagher, D., Chu, F., & Leibel, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1996-09
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3424-3427
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2106397535
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 19.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Amgen
- National Institutes of Health (5k08dk001983-02, 5r01dk030583-18)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-30583, DK 26687, DK01983, P30DK026687)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- leptin, body composition, fat mass, menopause, sex differences, obesity, body mass index, body fat percentage, insulin, androgens, adipocyte size, postabsorptive state, glucose tolerance
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Menopause, Middle Aged, Proteins, Sex Characteristics, Body Mass Index, Premenopause, Postmenopause, Leptin
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