The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
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Claims the paper makes
45 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 8 No basis given · 3 Sources not found · 3 No full text of the sources · 2 Supported so far · 2 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 14- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelationaln = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
hedgedconditionaln = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456
Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
Reaven, G. M., Lithell, H., & Landsberg, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602083340607 · Cited by 1,435
Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
Bergman, R. N. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512 · Cited by 1,001
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Items 2,601–2,700 of 3,800
The evolution of non-diabetic hyperglycemia: a longitudinal study
Oka, R., Yagi, K., Hayashi, K., Kawashiri, M., Yamagishi, M., Yamada, M., Fumisawa, Y., Yamauchi, K., & Aizawa, T. (2013) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0359 · Cited by 8
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
(2020) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.005 · Cited by 8
Ou, H., Chen, P.-C., & Wu, M. (2016) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2016.02.001 · Cited by 8
Adenosine deaminase as marker of insulin resistance
Muthiah, B., Adarsh, S. B., Peddi, N., & Menon, V. B. (2016) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20161988 · Cited by 8
Li, M., Feng, D., Zhang, K., Gao, S., & Lu, J. (2016) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2016/4740678 · Cited by 7
“IRwas evaluated by theHOMA-IRmodel calculated as HOMA-IR = FSI (mIU/L) × FBG (mmol/L)/22.5 and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) = 1/(log FSI + log FBG) [5].”
BackgroundInfluentialLombarte, M., Lupo, M., Brenda, L. F., Campetelli, G., Marília, A. R. B., BASUALDO, M. S., & Rigalli, A. (2017) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.12.001 · Cited by 8
Aguirre, M., Briceño, Y., Gómez‐Pérez, R., Zerpa, Y., Camacho, N. I., & Paoli, M. (2018) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2017.10.014 · Cited by 9
Early detection of metabolic dysregulation using water T2 analysis of biobanked samples
Mishra, I., Jones, C., Patel, V., Deodhar, S., & Cistola, D. P. (2018) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s180655 · Cited by 7
Seppä, S., Tenhola, S., & Voutilainen, R. (2019) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2018-00399 · Cited by 7
“QUICKI correlates well with the glucose clamp method [58].”
MethodMofrad, M. D., Namazi, N., Larijani, B. A., Surkan, P. J., & Azadbakht, L. (2019) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12574 · Cited by 7
The Quantose Insulin Resistance Test for Maternal Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Study
Eid, J., Kechichian, T. B., Benavides, E., Thibodeaux, L., Salazar, A. E., Saade, G. R., & Saad, A. F. (2020) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1716730 · Cited by 8
Pandit, K., Mukhopadhyay, P., Chatterjee, P., Majhi, B., Chowdhury, S., & Ghosh, S. K. (2020) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Ertan, D., Demir, B. K., Alparslan, C., Erbak, H., Çatlı, G., Mutlubaş, F., Alaygut, D., Soyaltın, E., Çamlar, S. A., & Yavaşcan, Ö. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2020-0240 · Cited by 8
“HOMA-IR and QUICKI were calculated via Child Metrics according to the formulas: fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)* fasting plasma insülin (μU/mL)/405 and 1/[log(FPI (mU/ mL)) + log(FPG (mg/dL))], respectively [16, 21].”
MethodFeichtinger, M., Linder, T., Rosicky, I., Eppel, D., Schatten, C., Eppel, W., Husslein, P. W., Tura, A., & Göbl, C. S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10010035 · Cited by 8
“Moreover, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was used to examine insulin sensitivity at fasting state [13].”
MethodDetermining insulin sensitivity from glucose tolerance tests in Iberian and landrace pigs
Rodríguez-López, J. M., Lachica, M., González-Valero, L., & Fernández-Fígares, I. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11014 · Cited by 8
Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome
Li, W., & Price, R. A. (2007) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789812790811_0031 · Cited by 8
Peripheral Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Copeptin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Arroyo, J. P., Akwo, E. A., Terker, A. S., Alsouqi, A., Bhave, G. B., Harris, R. C., Hung, A. M., & Ikizler, T. A. (2021) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0002622021 · Cited by 8
Cardiometabolic Risk in Hyperlipidemic Men and Women
Leutner, M., Göbl, C. S., Wielandner, A., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2016/2647865 · Cited by 8
“We measured insulin sensitivity by using the QUICKI-test [23].”
MethodInfluentialÉvaluation de l’insulinosécretion et de l’insulinosensibilité
Scheen, A. J. (2007) · Therapies · doi:10.2515/therapie:2007053 · Cited by 8
Koziołek, M., Krzyżanowska‐Świniarska, B., Mączyńska, I., Miazgowski, T., & Giedrys‐Kalemba, S. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-007-0446-6 · Cited by 8
“Insulin sensivity was evaluated by quantitative insulin sensivity check index (QUICKI) and calculated using the formula: QUICKI=1/(log glucose [mg/dl] + log insulin [μIU/ml]) [ 24 ].”
MethodLaboratory tests and measurements in children born small for gestational age (SGA)
Geremia, C., & Cianfarani, S. (2005) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2005.06.012 · Cited by 8
“insulin sensitivity in vivo, as it directly measures the effects of insulin on glucose utilization under steady state conditions [28].”
BackgroundInsulin Sensitivity Indexes From a Single Sample in Nonobese Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Taniguchi, A., Fukushima, M., Nagasaka, S., Matsumoto, K., Tokuyama, K., Doi, K., Nagata, I., Okumura, T., Sakai, M., & Nakai, Y. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.3.626-a · Cited by 8
Insulin resistance in hypertension quantified by oral glucose tolerance test: comparison of methods
Nardo, F. D., Casagrande, F., Boemi, M., Fumelli, P., Morosini, P., & Burattini, R. (2006) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.08.006 · Cited by 8
High‐Hydroxypropylated Tapioca Starch Improves Insulin Resistance in Genetically Diabetic KKAy Mice
Kato, R., Tachibe, M., Sugano, S., Kishida, T., & Ebihara, K. (2009) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01083.x · Cited by 8
QUICKI Is Not a Useful and Accurate Index of Insulin Sensitivity following Exercise Training
Duncan, G. E., Hutson, A. D., & Stacpoole, P. W. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8224 · Cited by 8
Insulin resistance in children and adolescents after bone marrow transplantation for malignancies.
d’Annunzio, G., Bonetti, F., Locatelli, F., et al. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Docherty, P. D. (2011) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/2487 · Cited by 8
Guzmán-García, J.-M., Romero‐Saldaña, M., Molina‐Recio, G., del Pozo, F. J. F., Raya-Cano, E., & Molina‐Luque, R. (2023) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-023-02693-0 · Cited by 7
“The study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human subjects and was approved by the Cordoba Bioethics Committee (Reference: 2353).”
MethodSilva, F. M., Duarte‐Mendes, P., Ferreira, J. P., Carvalho, E., Monteiro, D., Massart, A. G. M., Farinha, C. M. N., Soares, C., & Teixeira, A. M. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003510 · Cited by 7
Lobato, T. B., Santos, E. S. D. S., Iser‐Bem, P. N., Falcão, H. D. S., Gimenes, G. M., Pauferro, J. R. B., Rodrigues, G. T., Correa, I. S., Pereira, A. C. G., Passos, M. E. P., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16234106 · Cited by 7
Kalyoncu, D., & Kursun, M. K. (2025) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-025-01922-3 · Cited by 7
“QUICKI was calculated from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting immunoreactive insulin (FIRI) levels, according to the report by Katz et al. with the formula: QUICKI = 1/ (log [FIRI in mU/l] + log [FPG in mg/dl]) [15].”
Experimental Evidence Against Taurine Deficiency as a Driver of Aging in Humans
Marcangeli, V., Cefis, M., Hammad, R., Granet, J., Leduc‐Gaudet, J., Gaudreau, P., Aubertin‐Leheudre, M., Bélanger, M., Robitaille, R., Morais, J. A., et al. (2025) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.70191 · Cited by 9
TNF-alpha and insulin-resistance: metabolic effects of in vivo therapeutic blockade
Ursini, F. (2011) · Reumatismo · doi:10.4081/reumatismo.2009.254 · Cited by 7
“L’indice QUICKI è una trasformazione matematica empiricamente derivata dalla glicemia a digiuno e dall’insulinemia che fornisce uno strumento riproducibile e accurato per valutare la sensibilità insulinica con un eccellente valore predittivo positivo (31).”
BackgroundZhang, H., Simpson, L. K., Carbone, N. P., Hirshman, M. F., Nigro, P., Vamvini, M. T., Goodyear, L. J., & Middelbeek, R. J. W. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107226 · Cited by 9
Bramen, J. E., Siddarth, P., Popa, E. S., Kress, G. T., Rapozo, M. K., Hodes, J. F., Ganapathi, A. S., Slyapich, C. B., Glatt, R. M., Pierce, K. P., et al. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230458 · Cited by 8
“Insulin sen192 sitivity was calculated using the Quantitative Insulin 193 Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) in 27 participants 194 [43].”
MethodBouquin, H., Koskela, J., Tikkakoski, A., Honkonen, M., Hiltunen, T. P., Mustonen, J. T., & Pörsti, I. H. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00567.2023 · Cited by 7
Therapeutic effect of Momordica charantia on cardiomyopathy in a diabetic maternal rat model
Elnahas, S. M., Mansour, H. A. E., El-Sawi, M. R., & Abou‐El‐Naga, A. M. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1002/jez.2854 · Cited by 7
Yang, D.-J., Hou, X., Fu, H.-R., Song, W., Dong, W., Wang, H., Mao, Y.-T., Li, M.-B., Chen, J.-Q., & He, Y. (2024) · Gastroenterology Report · doi:10.1093/gastro/goae077 · Cited by 7
“The insulin sensitivity of each time spot was determined by calculating the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [14].”
MethodKhodadadi, N., Sadeghi, A., Poustchi, H., Abbasi, B., Nilghaz, M., Melekoğlu, E., Yari, Z., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2024) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-024-00350-x · Cited by 7
“Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) was used to estimate insulin sensitivity and calculated according to the following formula = 1/[log plasma insulin ( μ U/ml) + log plasma glucose (mg/dl)] [25].”
Association between METS-IR and female infertility: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2013–2018
Li, H., Tan, H., OuYang, Z., Hu, X., Bao, Y., Gao, T., & Hua, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1549525 · Cited by 7
The Reduce Obesity and Diabetes (ROAD) Project: Design and Methodological Considerations
Rosenbaum, M., Accacha, S., Altshuler, L., Carey, D., Fennoy, I., Lowell, B., Rapaport, R., Speiser, P., & Shelov, S. (2011) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2011.0014 · Cited by 7
“75 insulin sensitivity is calculated using the Qualitative insulin Check index (QUiCKi) {1/(log 10 [fasting glucose] + log 10 [fasting insulin])} 76 and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-iR, [fasting glucose] × [fasting insulin]/22.5).”
InfluentialVariability of HOMA and QUICKI insulin sensitivity indices
Žarković, M., Ćirić, J., Beleslin, B. N., et al. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365513.2017.1306878 · Cited by 7
“Biological variability of HOMA and QUICKI is mainly caused by the oscillations of insulin concentration in plasma, caused by pulsatile insulin secretion.”
MethodInfluentialJeelani, H., Ganie, M. A., Amin, S., et al. (2019) · Meta Gene · doi:10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100552 · Cited by 7
Jekarl, D. W., Choi, H., Kim, E. S., Lee, S., Park, H., Kim, M., & Kim, Y. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365513.2019.1627575 · Cited by 8
“5 [23]; QUIKI 1⁄4 1/[(logI0 (lU/mL) þ logG0 (mg/dL)] [24]; FIRI 1⁄4 [G0(mmol/L)/I0 (lU/mL)]/25 [25]; McAuley 1⁄4 e(2.”
Rouhani, M., Motavasselian, M., Taghipoor, A., et al. (2019) · Galen Medical Journal · doi:10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1389 · Cited by 7
“We also computed the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-β), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) to assess insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion [28-30].”
MethodBritto, F. A., Groote, E. D., Aranda, J., Bullock, L. P., Nielens, H., & Deldicque, L. (2020) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10190-7 · Cited by 7
Li, L., Yang, J., Liu, B., Zou, Y., Sun, M., Li, Z., Yang, R., Xu, X., Zou, L., Li, G., et al. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110803 · Cited by 7
Liu, S., Yuan, T., Song, S., Chen, S., Wang, L., Fu, Y., Dong, Y., Tang, Y., & Zhao, W. (2021) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00893-5 · Cited by 7
“KS: Klinefelter syndrome; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; DM: diabetes mellitus; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; BMI: body mass index; PUMCH: Peking Union Medical College Hospital; NGT: normal glucose tolerance; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; PBG: postpra…”
MethodInfluentialRen, G., Bowers, R. L., Kim, T., Mahurin, A. J., Grandjean, P. W., & Mathews, S. T. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14773 · Cited by 6
“, 2008); quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), a measure of insulin sensitivity, was calculated by [1/(log (fasting insulin μU/ml) + log (fasting glucose mg/dl))] (Katz et al., 2000); glucose to insulin ratio (GIR) was calculated as glucose (mg/dl)/insulin (μU/ml).”
MethodKamal, A. M., Sebak, S. A., & Sanad, E. F. (2021) · Iranian Biomedical Journal · doi:10.52547/ibj.25.4.265 · Cited by 9
“The HOMA-IR and QUICKI were calculated as follows: HOMA-IR= fasting insulin (µU/mL) × FBG (mg/dL)/405 [25] and QUICKI= 1/[log(fasting insulin) + log(FBG)] [26] , respectively.”
MethodKaur, N., Garg, R., Tapasvi, C., Chawla, S., Kaur, N., & Gitanjali (2021) · Journal of Laboratory Physicians · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1730884 · Cited by 8
Mohan, S. D. R., Shashidhar, K. N., Raveesha, A., & Chandrappa, M. (2021) · Journal of Laboratory Physicians · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1732817 · Cited by 7
Brix, J. M., Tura, A., Herz, C. T., Feder, A., Krzizek, E.-C., Parzer, V., Pacini, G., & Ludvik, B. H. (2021) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000517766 · Cited by 6
Boulouta, A., Aggeletopoulou, I., Kanaloupitis, S., Tsounis, E. P., Issaris, V., Papantoniou, K., Apostolos, A., Tsaplaris, P., Pastras, P., Sotiropoulos, C., et al. (2022) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101896 · Cited by 8
Mazor, R., Babkin, A., Littrup, P. J., Alloush, M., Sturek, M. S., Byrd, J. P., Hernandez, E., Bays, H. E., Grunvald, E. L., & Mattar, S. G. (2022) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2022.10.023 · Cited by 7
Antoniou, M.-C., Quansah, D. Y., Mühlberg, S., Gilbert, L., Arhab, A., Schenk, S., Lacroix, A., Stuijfzand, B. G., Horsch, A., & Puder, J. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1144195 · Cited by 8
“The Quantitative insulinsensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated using the formula QUICKI = 1/[log(Fasting insulin in mIU/L) + log(Fasting glucose in mg/dl)] (42).”
MethodKarimi, M., Shiraseb, F., Nejad, M. M., Khadem, A., Ebrahimi, S., & Mirzaei, K. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33375-w · Cited by 7
Brar, P. C., Mehta, S., Brar, A., et al. (2023) · Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes · doi:10.1177/11795514231177206 · Cited by 7
Ma, M., Jiang, T., Zhang, D., Yao, X., Zhen, W., & Xiu, L. (2023) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s413992 · Cited by 7
“insulinÞ � average plasma glucose� average insulin ð Þ�,22 QUICKI 1⁄4 1= log insulin μIU=ml ð Þ þ log glucose mg=dl ð Þ 1⁄2 �.(23) Homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA–β) was calculated to assess beta cell function: HOMA β 1⁄4 20� fasting insulin μIU=ml ð Þ= fasting plasma glucose mmol=L ð Þ 3:5 1⁄…”
Doghan, M. A. A., Channa, A., Abdelwahed, N. A. A., & Soomro, B. (2023) · Journal of Law and Sustainable Development · doi:10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.2188 · Cited by 8
Tajiri, Y., Sato, S., Kato, T., Nakayama, H., & Yamada, K. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00076.x · Cited by 7
Ziniewicz, H. K., Gesteiro, E., González‐Muñoz, M. J., et al. (2014) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.31.1.8007 · Cited by 7
Gender differences in cardiovascular risks of obese adolescents in the bronx
Zhou, P. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.v2i2.67 · Cited by 7
“The prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension observed in this present study are much higher than those reported by previous studies (4-6).”
ResultRisk Factors for Proteinuria in HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Hispanic Drug Users
Rhee, M. S., Schmid, C. H., Stevens, L. A., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.04.016 · Cited by 7
The role of insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors on culprit coronary plaque
Park, Y. M., Han, S. H., Seo, J. G., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.163 · Cited by 7
Ibarra-Pastrana, É. N., Plata, M. D. C. C., Álvarez-Hernández, G., & Valencia, M. E. (2012) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2012/907818 · Cited by 8
“standard method and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [15, 17].”
MethodGenetic variants of the HSD11B1 gene promoter may be protective against polycystic ovary syndrome
Grolmusz, V. K., Ács, O. D., Feldman, K., Szappanos, Á., Stenczer, B., Fekete, T., Szendei, G., Reismann, P., Rácz, K., & Patócs, A. (2014) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-014-3473-2 · Cited by 7
Apelin rs2235306 polymorphism is not related to metabolic syndrome in Egyptian women
Mehanna, E. T., Abo–Elmatty, D. M., Ghattas, M. H., et al. (2014) · Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.11.004 · Cited by 7
“Patients had a significantly higher insulin resistance than controls indicated by a significant increase of HOMAIR and a significant decrease of QUICKI.”
MethodRelationship between insulin sensitivity and bone mineral density in primary hyperparathyroidism
Gianotti, L., Tassone, F., Baffoni, C., Pellegrino, M., Cassibba, S., Castellano, E., Magro, G., Cesario, F., Visconti, G., & Borretta, G. (2014) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12472 · Cited by 7
Effects of an Oral Ghrelin Mimetic on Body Composition and Clinical Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults
(2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00001 · Cited by 7
Adiposidad visceral y su asociación con lípidos séricos e insulinemis en adolescentes obesas
Neri, D. A., Espinoza, A., Bravo, A., Rebollo, M., Moraga, F., Verónica Mericq, G., & Castillo‐Durán, C. (2007) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872007000300003 · Cited by 7
“Edad (años) 12±2,5 (10-16) Tanner (I + II / III + IV) 21/26 Peso (kg) 66,1±15,6 (39,4-114,0) IMC (kg/m2) 27,8±4,7 (21,1-44) Puntaje z IMC 3,73±1,93 (1,50-9,65) Talla (cm) 93,3±12,0 (71,0-140,0) Cadera (cm) 99,3±11,5 (78,2-142,0) Relación cintura-cadera 0,94±0,04 (0,8-1,05) Suma de pliegues cutáneos (cm) 92,3±25,1 (53-…”
Calzado, C. M. A., Suárez, R. M. G., Álvarez, A. Á., Pendás, B. V. R., & Durán, A. R. (2010) · Revista cubana de endocrinología · Cited by 7
Heden, T. D., Liu, Y., Park, Y., Winn, N. C., & Kanaley, J. A. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2014-0105 · Cited by 7
Clinical characteristics of OGTT-derived hepatic- and muscle insulin resistance in healthy young men
Kim, M. K. (2014) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.5717/jenb.2014.18.4.385 · Cited by 7
“QUICKI was a surrogate index expressing insulin resistance and calculated by the formula of 1/[log(insulin, μU/mL) + log (glucose, mg/dL)] [20].”
MethodRetractedRamakrishnan, G., Unni, U. S., Raj, T. D. S., et al. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 7
Bedogni, G., Mari, A., Col, A. D., Marazzi, N., Tiribelli, C., Manco, M., & Sartório, A. (2016) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2016.0141 · Cited by 7
Ahmad, I., Zelnick, L. R., Robinson, N., Hung, A. M., Kestenbaum, B. R., Utzschneider, K. M., Kahn, S. E., & de Boer, I. H. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00394.2016 · Cited by 8
Positive association between the changes inchemerinandadiponectinlevels after weight reduction
Shin, H., Park, S., & Lee, J. (2017) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.1080/07435800.2017.1300808 · Cited by 7
“5 and insulin sensitivity with the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) as follows: 1/(log (fasting insulin (μU/mL)) + log (fasting glucose (mg/dL)) (33).”
ResultParental History of Type 2 Diabetes Abrogates Ethnic Disparities in Key Glucoregulatory Indices
Nyenwe, E. A., Owei, I., Wan, J. Y., & Dagogo-Jack, S. E. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01895 · Cited by 7
Winhofer, Y., Wolf, P. S., Fellinger, P., Tura, A., Hillebrand, P., Staufer, K., Trauner, M., Jaksch, P., Muraközy, G., Kautzky‐Willer, A., et al. (2019) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2018-0461 · Cited by 7
Costa, G. C., Montagnoli, T. L., da Silva, J. S., Alencar, A. K. N., Gamba, L. E. R., Alves, B. E. O., Silva, M. M., Trachez, M. M., Nascimento, J. H. M., Pimentel‐Coelho, P. M., et al. (2020) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s258459 · Cited by 7
Deng, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., Ma, X., Wei, X., Ma, R., & Sun, A. (2020) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-020-3097-4 · Cited by 7
Kokko, E., Nevalainen, P. I., Choudhary, M. K., Koskela, J., Tikkakoski, A., Huhtala, H., Niemelä, O. J., Viukari, M., Mustonen, J. T., Matikainen, N., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76718-7 · Cited by 7
Muscle strength and inflammatory response to the training load in rowers
Podgórski, T., Nowak, A., Domaszewska, K., et al. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.10355 · Cited by 7
Glucose tolerance in a cohort of Egyptian children after kidney transplantation
Arafa, N., Bazaraa, H. M., eldin, H. S., Hussein, M., & Salah, D. M. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108605 · Cited by 7
Khodarahmi, M., Nikniaz, L., & Farhangi, M. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.669207 · Cited by 7
“Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) as indicators of insulin resistance were calculated based on the standard formula (54, 55).”
MethodMilluzzo, A., Manuella, L., Cannata, E., Russo, G. M., Vignera, S. L., Purrello, F., Cataldo, A. D., & Sciacca, L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11030878 · Cited by 8
Relationship between Testosterone Level, Serum Omentin-1 and Insulin Resistance in Obese Men
El-Kaream, S. A. A., Abdel-Monem, S. M., Khalil, M., & Mohassab, G. I. (2015) · American Journal of Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.5099/aj150300134 · Cited by 7
Utility of Early Insulin Response and Proinsulin to Assess Insulin Resistance
Jean, A. M., Hassoun, A. A., Hughes, J., Pomeranz, C. B., Fennoy, I., McMahon, D. J., & Oberfield, S. E. (2009) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.06.002 · Cited by 7
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and the composite whole-body insulin sensitivity index [ISI(comp)], both previously validated against the euglycemic insulin clamp, were also calculated(23,24).”
MethodLeite, N., Carvalho, H. M., Padez, C. M. P., Lopes, W. A., Milano, G. E., Radominski, R. B., & Coelho-e-Silva, M. J. (2013) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-7 · Cited by 7
“Additionally, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated [17].”
MethodStaník, J., Kratzsch, J., Landgraf, K., Scheuermann, K., Spielau, U., Gausche, R., Gašperíková, D., Kieß, W., & Körner, A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178107 · Cited by 7
Vizzari, G., Sommariva, M. C., Dei, M., Bertoli, S., Vizzuso, S., Radaelli, G., Battezzati, A., Paroni, R. C., & Verduci, E. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11051091 · Cited by 7
“5 [17]; 1/(log10 fasting plasma insulin (U/mL) + log10 glucose (mg/dL)) [18]; (20 fasting insulin in (U/mL)/(fasting glucose (mmol/L)− 3.”
BackgroundCoenzyme Q10 status, glucose parameters, and antioxidative capacity in college athletes
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Surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity in subjects with hypertension
Hwu, C., Hsiao, C., Grove, J., Hung, Y., Chuang, L., Chen, Y. T., Curb, J. D., Chen, Y. I., Rodríguez, B. L., Ho, L. ‐., et al. (2007) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002137 · Cited by 7
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Low Physical Function as a Risk Factor for Incident Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Resistance
Longenberger, A. H., Lim, J. Y., Brown, T. T., Abraham, A. G., Palella, F. J., Effros, R. B., Orchard, T. J., Brooks, M. M., & Kingsley, L. (2011) · Future Virology · doi:10.2217/fvl.11.15 · Cited by 6
“These fasting measures of insulin sensitivity are well correlated with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp [23].”
Postprandial insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis in frail elderly women
Goulet, E. D. B., Khursigara, Z., Gougeon, R., & Morais, J. A. (2010) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h10-041 · Cited by 7
“In the postabsorptive state, insulin sensitivity was assessed using the QUICKI formula (Katz et al. 2000) 1=ðlog fasting insulin þ log fasting glucoseÞ, where fasting insulin is measured in mU mL–1 and fasting glucose is measured in mg dL–1.”
MethodLeung, V., Chiu, Y., Kotler, D. P., Albu, J., Zhu, Y., Ham, K., Engelson, E. S., Hammad, H. T., Christos, P. J., Donovan, D. S., et al. (2016) · HIV Clinical Trials · doi:10.1080/15284336.2015.1126424 · Cited by 7
Orr, C., Hacker-Stratton, J., Rao, I., Al-Sayed, M., Smith, C. V., El-Shahawy, M. A., Dafoe, D. C., Mullen, Y., Al-Abdullah, I. H., & KANDEEL, F. R. (2016) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.3727/096368915x687958 · Cited by 7
Insulin resistance index as a predictor for pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes.
Araki, T., Emoto, M., Yokoyama, H., Motoyama, K., Morioka, T., Tahara, H., Koyama, H., Shoji, T., Okuno, Y., Inaba, M., et al. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
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