The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
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Claims the paper makes
45 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 8 No basis given · 3 Sources not found · 3 No full text of the sources · 2 Supported so far · 2 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 14- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelationaln = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
hedgedconditionaln = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456
Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
Reaven, G. M., Lithell, H., & Landsberg, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602083340607 · Cited by 1,435
Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
Bergman, R. N. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512 · Cited by 1,001
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Items 2,101–2,200 of 3,800
Lassen, P. B., Nori, N., Bédossa, P., Genser, L., Aron‐Wisnewsky, J., Poitou, C., Surabattula, R., Nielsen, M. J., Karsdal, M. A., Leeming, D. J., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab897 · Cited by 15
Wang, X., Chen, C., Xie, C., Huang, W., Young, R. L., Jones, K. L., Horowitz, M., Rayner, C. K., Sun, Z., & Wu, T. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14683 · Cited by 15
“The quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/[log(fasting insulin [μU ml (1)]) + log(fasting glucose[mg dl (1)]) to estimate hepatic insulin sensitivity.(25,26) The single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) was computed as 600 HDL-C(0.”
MethodVigna, L., Tirelli, A. S., Gaggini, M., Piazza, S. D., Tomaino, L., Turolo, S., Moroncini, G., Chatzianagnostou, K., Bamonti, F., & Vassalle, C. (2022) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-022-03087-8 · Cited by 15
“Among indirect methods, ISI, even the most expensive, better correlates with direct methods [6].”
BackgroundMethodCurcuma oil ameliorates insulin resistance & associated thrombotic complications in hamster & rat
Barthwal, M. K., Singh, V., Jain, M. K., Misra, A., Khanna, V., Prakash, P., Malasoni, R., Dwivedi, A., & Dikshit, M. (2015) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.4103/0971-5916.160719 · Cited by 15
Kordi, M. R., Choopani, S., Hemmatinafar, M., & Choopani, Z. (2013) · Pars of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.29252/jmj.11.1.4 · Cited by 15
“Values of pancreatic beta-cell function indicators, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (QUIKI) were calculated by the following formulas and by using serum glucose and fasting insulin concentrations (18-19): 22.”
MethodPapavasileiou, M. V., Thomopoulos, C., Antoniou, I., Papadimitriou, G., Seferou, M., & Makris, T. K. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00172.x · Cited by 15
Fasting Glucose to Leptin Ratio as a New Diagnostic Marker in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Baban, R. (2010) · Oman Medical Journal · doi:10.5001/omj.2010.80 · Cited by 15
Han, J. H., Lee, Y. T., Kwak, K. W., Ahn, S. H., Chang, I. H., Myung, S. C., Oh, S., Lee, Y., Kim, W., Jin, Y.-W., et al. (2010) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1038/aja.2009.90 · Cited by 15
Kauffman, R. P., Castracane, V. D., Peghee, D., Baker, T. E., & Hook, J. W. V. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.010 · Cited by 15
Winzer, B., Paratz, J. D., Reeves, M. M., & Whiteman, D. C. (2010) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-292 · Cited by 15
“Insulin resistance will be calculated using the reciprocal index of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) [52] and the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) [53].”
MethodRisk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents
Folic, N. D., Folić, M., Marković, S., Andjelkovic, M. V., & Јаnkovic, S. (2015) · Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo · doi:10.2298/sarh1504146f · Cited by 14
Grieco, C. R., Swain, D. P., Colberg, S. R., Dowling, E., Baskette, K., Zarrabi, L., Gandrakota, R., Kotipalli, U., Sechrist, S. R., & Somma, C. T. (2012) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31827da2f0 · Cited by 15
“The HOMA (24) and QUICKI methods (22) are based on a feedback loop created between hepatic glucose output and b-cell insulin secretion in the basal state, providing an estimate of glucose disposal as a function of insulin concentration, which is representative of steady-state metabolism (35).”
MethodInfluentialBurattini, R., di Nardo, F., Casagrande, F., Boemi, M., & Morosini, P. (2009) · Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.08.010 · Cited by 19
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index The QUICKI was calculated as previously defined [14,35]:”
MethodAlexandraki, K., Makras, P., Protogerou, A. D., Dimitriou, K., Σταθοπούλου, Α., Papadogias, D., Voidonikola, P. T., Piaditis, G. P., Pittas, A. G., Papamichael, C. M., et al. (2007) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcm118 · Cited by 15
Han, S. H., Chin, B. S., Lee, H. S., Jeong, S. J., Choi, H. K., Kim, C. O., Choi, J. Y., Song, Y. G., Lee, H. C., & Kim, J. M. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.021 · Cited by 15
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) as a marker for insulin sensitivity was calculatedusing the following formula: 1/[log (fasting insulin) (in microunits per milliliter) + log (fasting glucose) (in milligrams per deciliter)] [20].”
MethodMiller, B. V., Patterson, B. W., Okunade, A. L., & Klein, S. (2012) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.p030593 · Cited by 15
Chu, M. C., Cushman, M., Solomon, R., & Løbo, R. A. (2008) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.04.033 · Cited by 16
Fujiwara, M., Eguchi, Y., Fukumori, N., et al. (2015) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4297 · Cited by 15
Brain natriuretic peptide and insulin resistance in older adults
Kim, F., Biggs, M. L., Kizer, J. R., Brutsaert, E. F., de Filippi, C., Newman, A. B., Kronmal, R. A., Tracy, R. P., Gottdiener, J. S., Djoussé, L., et al. (2016) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13139 · Cited by 15
Youssef, M., El-Ashker, M. R., & Younis, M. S. (2016) · Comparative Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1007/s00580-016-2377-z · Cited by 15
“The enormous glucose drain toward the udder and the distinctive features of the transition period in dairy cows make the Table 1 Means ± SD of selected metabolic profile in dairy cattle with subclinical ketosis compared with controls during the transition period Variables Control group (n = 4) SCK group (n = 20) P val…”
BackgroundInfluentialIncreased insulin resistance in men with unexplained infertility
Mansour, R., El-Faissal, Y., Kamel, A., Kamal, O., Aboulserour, G., Aboulghar, M. A., & Fahmy, I. (2017) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.08.020 · Cited by 17
“It is the preferred method for certain types of clinical research (Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodOhmi, S., Ono, M., Takata, H., Hirano, S., Funakoshi, S., Nishi, Y., Yoshimura, K., Amano, E., Terada, Y., Saibara, T., et al. (2017) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-017-0264-7 · Cited by 15
“As insulin sensitivity indices, QUICKI and Matsuda index were calculated using the following formula [12, 13]: QUICKI: 1/[log10 G0 (mg/ dL) + log10 I0 (μU/mL)]; Matsuda index: 10,000/[G0 (mg/ dL) × I0 (μU/mL) × Gm (mg/dL) × Im (μU/mL)]0.”
MethodChanges in hemodynamics associated with metabolic syndrome are more pronounced in women than in men
Kangas, P., Tikkakoski, A., Kettunen, J., Eräranta, A., Huhtala, H., Kähönen, M. A. P., Sipilä, K., Mustonen, J. T., & Pörsti, I. H. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54926-0 · Cited by 15
Therapeutic potential of metformin in normal glucose tolerant persons with metabolic syndrome
Kamenova, P. (2020) · Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment · doi:10.1080/13102818.2019.1711184 · Cited by 14
Ybarra, J., Sánchez-Hernández, J., Pou, J. M., Fernández, S., Gich, I. J., Ordóñez‐Llanos, J., Jurado, J., de Leiva, A., & Pérez, A. (2005) · Global Heart · doi:10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.001 · Cited by 13
“The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) [4] is based on feedback dependence between fasting serum insulin and glucose, correlates very well with classic steady state hyperinsulinemic clamps [5,6] and has been widely applied in epidemiological studies; nevertheless, it is not affordable for most primary care practition…”
BackgroundResultErgun-Longmire, B., Lin‐Su, K., Navarra, A.-M. D., Chan, L., Ham, K., Sison, C. P., Stavola, J., & Vogiatzi, M. G. (2006) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.12.5.514 · Cited by 15
Body weight status and cardiovascular risk factors in adults by frequency of candy consumption
Murphy, M. M., Barraj, L. M., Bi, X., & Stettler, N. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-53 · Cited by 15
“For subjects with fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin data, we calculated insulin sensitivity using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), defined as 1/ [log(Io) + log(Go)] [26].”
MethodFat mass largely contributes to insulin mediated glucose uptake in morbidly obese subjects
Gniuli, D., Gissey, G. C., Iaconelli, A., Leccesi, L., & Mingrone, G. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.99 · Cited by 15
Validation of Steady-State Insulin Sensitivity Indices in Chronic Kidney Disease
Crutchlow, M. F., Robinson, B. M., Pappachen, B., Wimmer, N. J., Cucchiara, A. J., Cohen, D. L., & Townsend, R. R. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-2630 · Cited by 15
Circulating Omentin-1 in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Status Compared to Control Subjects
Hossein‐Nezhad, A. (2012) · Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.4172/2161-1017.s1-008 · Cited by 14
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated by (ISQUICKI= 1/ [log (fasting insulin) + log (fasting glucose)] [24].”
MethodBrar, V., Gill, S., Cardillo, C., Tesauro, M., Panza, J. A., & Campia, U. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121810 · Cited by 15
Karashima, S., Yoneda, T., Kometani, M., Ohe, M., Mori, S., Sawamura, T., Furukawa, K., Yamagishi, M., & Takeda, Y. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641963.2016.1151526 · Cited by 15
Carmina, E., Longo, A., & Løbo, R. A. (2003) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00832-9 · Cited by 15
Cardiovascular implications of insulin resistance and non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
McNulty, P. H., Ettinger, S. M., Gilchrist, I. C., Kozak, M., & Chambers, C. E. (2001) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/jcan.2001.28338 · Cited by 15
Exploring the Potential of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Combating Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
Yurtseven, K., & Yücecan, S. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16244360 · Cited by 15
A Review of the Relationship Between Insulin and Bone Health
Ravindran, S., Wong, S. K., Mohamad, N.-V., & Chin, K. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13061504 · Cited by 14
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) offers a refined alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity based on fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels, whereby a higher value suggests greater insulin sensitivity [41].”
Mansoori, A., Sotoudeh, G., Djalali, M., Eshraghian, M., Keramatipour, M., Nasli‐Esfahani, E., Shidfar, F., Alvandi, E., Toupchian, O., & Koohdani, F. (2015) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000442792 · Cited by 14
Decreased expression of fatty acid amide hydrolase in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Cui, N., Yang, Y., Xu, Y., et al. (2017) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2016.1269742 · Cited by 14
“(QUICKI) was calculated using the formula: QUICKI1⁄4 1/[log(I0) + log(G0)], where I0 is the fasting insulin, and G0 is the fasting glucose [17].”
MethodOżegowska, K., Korman, M., Szmyt, A., & Pawelczyk, L. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249291 · Cited by 18
Niu, J., Lu, M.-Y., & Liu, B. (2023) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-023-01122-4 · Cited by 15
“We used HOMA-IR, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) are used to assess the level of IR [26, 27].”
MethodThe Oral Delivery System of Modified GLP-1 by Probiotics for T2DM
Wang, Q., Guo, H., Mao, W., Qian, X., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15041202 · Cited by 16
“Effects of 14-day W-0373-mGLP-1 administration on (a) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and (b) corresponding integrated glucose co centrations (AUCs), (c) insulin tolerance test (ITT) and (d) quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI).”
MethodInfluentialDutil, C., Podinic, I., Featherstone, R. B., Eaton, A., Sadler, C. M., Goldfield, G. S., Hadjiyannakis, S., Gruber, R., Tremblay, M. S., Prud’homme, D., et al. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad313 · Cited by 19
Hieronimus, B., Medici, V., Lee, V., Nuñez, M. V., Sigala, D. M., Bremer, A. A., Cox, C. L., Keim, N. L., Schwarz, J., Pacini, G., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16010151 · Cited by 16
“Fasting glucose and insulin data were used to calculate HOMA-IR [28] and QUICKI [29].”
MethodRamos, R. B., Casanova, G. K., Maturana, M. A., & Spritzer, P. M. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1148 · Cited by 14
Aasen, G., Fagertun, H., & Halse, J. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365510902778734 · Cited by 14
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/(log I0 log G0), where G0 and I0 are fasting glucose and insulin (22,23), and a modifi cation of MCRestOGTT (18.”
MethodBrener, M. I., Post, W. S., Haberlen, S., Zhang, L., Palella, F. J., Jacobson, L. P., Dobs, A. S., George, R. T., Witt, M. D., Budoff, M. J., et al. (2016) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.12.037 · Cited by 14
Ko, J. K. Y., Li, R., Lam, K. S. L., Tam, S., Lee, V. C. Y., Yeung, T. W. Y., Ho, P. C., & Ng, E. H. Y. (2015) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2015.1126708 · Cited by 14
“tivity check index (QUICKI), calculated by 1/[Log(fasting insulin) + Log(fasting glucose)] [19].”
MethodBezrati, I., Fradj, M. K. B., Ouerghi, N., et al. (2016) · Libyan Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3402/ljm.v11.31258 · Cited by 14
“indexes; the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), according to the following equations (25, 26): HOMA-IR [(fasting insulin in mU/mL) (fasting glucose in mg/dL)/405]; QUICKI 1/[log (fasting insulin in mU/mL) log(fasting glucose in mg…”
MethodCorrelation of Lipid Parameters and Markers of Insulin Resistance: Does Smoking Make a Difference?
Cibičková, Ľ., Karásek, D., Langová, K., Vaverková, H., Orság, J., Lukeš, J., & Novotný, D. (2014) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.932869 · Cited by 14
Tracking weight change, insulin resistance, stress, and aerobic fitness over 4 years of college
Hopper, M. K., & Moninger, S. L. (2016) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2016.1238385 · Cited by 14
“99).(27,28) Therefore, fasting insulin level is an appropriate measure of insulin resistance when blood sugar values are normal.”
BackgroundOkura, T., Nakamura, R., Fujioka, Y., Kitao, S., Ito, Y., Matsumoto, K., Shoji, K., Sumi, K., Matsuzawa, K., Izawa, S., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197663 · Cited by 14
Serum FGF-21 and FGF-23 in association with gestational diabetes: a longitudinal case-control study
Mosavat, M., Omar, S. Z., & Sthanshewar, P. (2020) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2019-0060 · Cited by 15
Huang, R., Yin, S., Ye, Y., Chen, N., Luo, S., Xia, M., & Zhao, L. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2432 · Cited by 14
“Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) model: 1/(log[Ins0] 1 log[Gluc0]) (23).”
MethodHannemann, J., Laing, A., Glismann, K., Skene, D. J., Middleton, B., Staels, B., Marx, N., Grant, P. J., Federici, M., Niebauer, J., et al. (2020) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164120950616 · Cited by 14
Micielska, K., Kortas, J. A., Gmiat, A., Jaworska, J., Flis, M., Łysak, A., Rodziewicz-Flis, E. A., Żychowska, M., & Ziemann, E. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113235 · Cited by 15
Baryła, I., Płuciennik, E., Kośla, K., Wójcik, M., Zieleniak, A., Żurawska-Kliś, M., Cypryk, K., Woźniak, L. A., & Bednarek, A. K. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.10604 · Cited by 14
Krishnan, M., Babu, S., Rajagopal, P., et al. (2021) · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research · doi:10.5530/ijper.55.2s.119 · Cited by 14
“HOMA-IR was calculate using the formula (fasting blood glucose X fasting serum insulin/405) as per the method of Matthews et al. (1985)25 and QUICKI was calculated using the formula 1/ (log fasting serum insulin + log fasting blood glucose) as per the method of Katz et al. (2000).26”
MethodBonilla-Gómez, J. L., López-Rocha, J. A., Badillo‐Alemán, M., Tzeek-Tuz, J., & Chiappa‐Carrara, X. (2011) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 13
Estrogen Impairs Adipose Tissue Expansion and Cardiometabolic Profile in Obese-Diabetic Female Rats
Martínez-Cignoni, M. R., González-Vicens, A., Morán-Costoya, A., Proenza, A. M., Gianotti, M., Valle, A., & Lladó, I. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413573 · Cited by 14
Zaromytidou, E., Koufakis, T., Dimakopoulos, G., Drivakou, D., Konstantinidou, S., Antonopoulou, V., Grammatiki, M., Manthou, E., Iakovou, I. P., Gotzamani‐Psarrakou, A., et al. (2022) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2022.2043153 · Cited by 14
“Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) index based on the following formula: 1/{log[(fIns(μΙU/ml)] + log[(fPG(mg/dl)]} [22].”
MethodYang, S. Y., Mirabal, C. S., Newcomb, C., Stewart, K. J., & Arking, D. E. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270951 · Cited by 14
“Insulin sensitivity was calculated from fasting glucose and fasting insulin measurements using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) formula [31].”
MethodAMPK activation by AICAR reduces diet induced fatty liver in C57BL/6 mice
Ajay Krishnan, U., Viswanathan, P., & Venkataraman, A. C. (2023) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2023.102054 · Cited by 14
Mosca, C., Colucci, A., Savoia, F., Calì, C., Bene, M. D., Ranucci, G., Maglione, A., Pepe, A., Morelli, A., Vajro, P., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092089 · Cited by 18
Beta-cell function is associated with metabolic syndrome in Mexican subjects
Pérez-Fuentes (2010) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s12375 · Cited by 14
Isobe, Y., Sakurai, M., Kita, Y., Takeshita, Y., Misu, H., Kaneko, S., & Takamura, T. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12421 · Cited by 14
Factors influencing blood pressure control in children and adolescents
Koulouridis, E., Georgalidis, K., Kostimpa, I., Kalantzi, M., Ntouto, P., Koulouridis, I., Mandyla, M., Krokida, A., & Boulgari, N. (2008) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-008-9340-0 · Cited by 13
Clayton, Z. S., Scholar, K., Shelechi, M., Hernández, L. M., Barber, A., Petrisko, Y., Hooshmand, S., & Kern, M. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2014.946622 · Cited by 16
“Insulin sensitivity was determined using the QUICKI method as previously described [30].”
MethodOh, P. C., Han, S. H., Koh, K. K., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.181 · Cited by 14
“Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), a surrogate index of insulin sensitivity, was calculated as follows (insulin is expressed in μU/mLand glucose inmg/dL): QUICKI=1 / [log(insulin)+ log(glucose)] [2].”
MethodOlijhoek, J. K., Koerselman, J., de Jaegere, P. P. T., Verhaar, M. C., Grobbee, D. E., van der Graaf, Y., Visseren, F. L. J., & for the SMART Study Group (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.3.683 · Cited by 14
“5 (38); QUICKI was calculated according to the following equation: 1/(log fasting serum glucose log fasting serum insulin) (39).”
Gelwane, G., Trang, H., Carel, J., Dauger, S., & Léger, J. (2013) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.06.036 · Cited by 10
Hutchinson, M. S., Joakimsen, R. M., Njølstad, I., Schirmer, H., Figenschau, Y., Svartberg, J. B., & Jorde, R. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/613475 · Cited by 17
“Estimates of insulin sensitivity in the fasting state were calculated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and the Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) [16, 17], and insulin sensitivity including the 2-hour values for glucose and insulinwith the insulin sensitivity index (ISI0.”
MethodLow-carbohydrate diet disrupts the association between insulin resistance and weight gain
Leite, J. O. M., deOgburn, R. C., Ratliff, J. C., Su, R., Volek, J. S., McGrane, M. M., Dardik, A., & Fernández, M. L. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.004 · Cited by 14
Nan, M. H., Park, J., & Myung, C. (2009) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.3109/10611860903225719 · Cited by 15
“, 2001) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) values (Katz et al., 2000) were calculated as follows:”
MethodCheng, S.-H., Ismail, A., Anthony, J., et al. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/405615 · Cited by 13
“QUICKI was measured as outcome related to insulin sensitivity [19].”
MethodHautaniemi, E. J., Tikkakoski, A., Tahvanainen, A., et al. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114515002032 · Cited by 14
“At baseline, there were no significant differences in sex distribution, BMI, office BP, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, lipids, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)((25)) and estimated glomerular filtration rate((18)) between the groups (Table 1).”
BackgroundInfluentialAssociation of insulin resistance with serum ferritin and aminotransferases-iron hypothesis
Huang, J. (2015) · World Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.5493/wjem.v5.i4.232 · Cited by 14
Sebastiano, K. M. D., Bell, K. E., Mitchell, A. S., Quadrilatero, J., Dubin, J. A., & Mourtzakis, M. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.024 · Cited by 14
Yu, E. A., Hu, P. J., & Mehta, S. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy165 · Cited by 14
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index was calculated as 1/[log FPI (μU/mL) + log FPG (mg/dL)] (15).”
MethodTreskes, N., Koekkoek, W. A. C., & van Zanten, A. R. H. (2018) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001287 · Cited by 13
“Unauthoriz indices like HOMA-IR and QUICKI are widely accepted (20, 29).”
BackgroundTherapeutic and preventive effects of exercise on cardiometabolic parameters in aging and obese rats
Coqueiro, R. D. S., Soares, T. D. J., Pereira, R., Correia, T. M. L., Coqueiro, D. S. O., Oliveira, M. V., Marques, L. M., de Sá, C. K. C., & de Magalhães, A. C. M. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.10.003 · Cited by 13
Trummer, C., Theiler‐Schwetz, V., Kollmann, M., Wölfler, M. M., Münzker, J., Pilz, S., Pieber, T. R., Heijboer, A. C., Obermayer-Pietsch, B. M., & Lerchbaum, E. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.007 · Cited by 14
Palui, R., Sahoo, J., Kamalanathan, S., Kar, S. S., Sridharan, K., Durgia, H., Raj, H., & Patil, M. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-019-01059-w · Cited by 15
Hibi, M., Hari, S., Yamaguchi, T. F., Mitsui, Y., Kondo, S., & Katashima, M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11092126 · Cited by 17
Neudesin: a neuropeptide hormone decreased in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome
Bozkaya, G., Fenercioğlu, Ö., Demir, İ., Güler, A., Aslanıpour, B., & Çalan, M. (2020) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2020.1751106 · Cited by 15
Khodarahmi, M., Jafarabadi, M. A., & Farhangi, M. A. (2020) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12263-020-00672-2 · Cited by 14
Endometrial biomarkers in premenopausal women with obesity: an at-risk cohort
Dottino, J. A., Zhang, Q., Loose, D. S., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.053 · Cited by 14
Bartlette, K., Carreau, A., Xie, D., Garcia‐Reyes, Y., Rahat, H., Pyle, L. L., Nadeau, K. J., Cree‐Green, M., & Behn, C. D. (2021) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2021.100078 · Cited by 14
“including HOMA [22], QUICKI [23], and the Matsuda index [24] have been developed to efficiently quantify SI in the clinical setting [23,25e29].”
MethodInfluentialFalkner, B. E., & Kushner, H. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.07458.x · Cited by 14
Daskalova, D. C., Kolovou, G. D., Panagiotakos, D. B., Pilatis, N. D., & Cokkinos, D. V. (2005) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4960281208 · Cited by 14
Cocco, G., Pandolfi, S., & Rousson, V. (2005) · Heart Drug · doi:10.1159/000083662 · Cited by 14
Malita, F. M., Messier, V., Lavoie, J.-M., Bastard, J., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., & Karelis, A. D. (2009) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.005 · Cited by 14
The association of brain natriuretic peptide and insulin resistance in obesity-related hypertension
Serbest, S. T., & Çıkım, A. S. (2007) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002194 · Cited by 14
Morio, B., Comte, B., Martin, J., Chanséaume, E., Alligier, M., Junot, C., Lyan, B., Boirie, Y., Vidal, H., Laville, M., et al. (2014) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-014-0750-y · Cited by 14
“The insulin sensitivity index was calculated as ISI = M/(G 9 DI), in which M is the steady-state glucose infusion rate calculated at 10-min intervals, G the steady-state blood glucose concentration, and DI the difference between fasting and steady-state insulin level concentrations (Katz et al. 2000).”
MethodTaher, M. A., & Nassir, E. S. (2011) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2011.01.006 · Cited by 14
“Insulin sensitivity was determined using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) which is calculated from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI) using the following formula (Katz et al., 2000):”
MethodLeft ventricular structure and function in prediabetic adults:Relationship with insulin resistance
Sliem, H. A., & Nasr, G. M. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research · doi:10.4103/0975-3583.78583 · Cited by 14
“Serum intact pro-insulin was measured by using a highly specific, two-site monoclonal antibodybased immunoradiometric assay.[12]”
MethodLenarcik, A., Bidzińska−Speichert, B., & Tworowska-Bardzińska, U. (2010) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513591003686387 · Cited by 15
“QUICKI – insulin sensitivity index: 1/{log(I0 [mIU/ml])þ log(G0 [mg/dl)} [43], .”
Predictive models for type 2 diabetes onset in middle-aged subjects with the metabolic syndrome
Ozery-Flato, M., Parush, N., El‐Hay, T., Visockienė, Ž., Ryliškytė, L., Badarienė, J., Solovjova, S., Kovaitė, M., Navickas, R., & Laucevičius, A. (2013) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-36 · Cited by 13
“The quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) index [24] was calculated as 1/[log(fasting insulin [μU/ml]) + log(FPG [mg/dl])].”
MethodEl-Kannishy, G. M., Kamal, S., Mousa, A. A., Saleh, O., Badrawy, A. E., El-Farahaty, R. M., & Shokeir, T. A. (2009) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2009.08.001 · Cited by 13
RetractedΜacut, D., Micić, D., Parapid, B. J., et al. (2002) · Vojnosanitetski pregled · doi:10.2298/vsp0206593m · Cited by 14
Corrêa, F. H., Nogueira, V. G., Bevilácqua, M. D. F., & Gomes, M. B. (2007) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302007000900013 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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