The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
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Claims the paper makes
45 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 8 No basis given · 3 Sources not found · 3 No full text of the sources · 2 Supported so far · 2 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 14- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelationaln = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
hedgedconditionaln = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456
Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
Reaven, G. M., Lithell, H., & Landsberg, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602083340607 · Cited by 1,435
Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
Bergman, R. N. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512 · Cited by 1,001
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Items 2,301–2,400 of 3,800
Yim, S., You, B. H., Chae, H., Chin, Y., Kim, H., Choi, H. S., & Choi, Y. H. (2016) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.1080/00498254.2016.1257836 · Cited by 13
“The insulin sensitivity was calculated using the following formula (Katz et al., 2000): insulin sensitivity = 1/[log (fasting insulin in mU/ml)+ log(fasting glucose in mg/dl)].”
MethodYau, P. L., Ross, N., Tirsi, A., et al. (2017) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2016.0266 · Cited by 12
“These fasting glucose and insulin blood levels for each participant were utilized to compute the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI).(18) Inflammatory cytokines were measured from plasma by the Immune Monitoring Core of the NYU Langone Medical Center by Luminex assays using Multiplex plates (Milliros…”
Febiyanto, N., Yamazaki, C., Kameo, S., Sari, D. K., Puspitasari, I. M., Sunjaya, D. K., Herawati, D. M. D., Nugraha, G. I., Fukuda, T., & Koyama, H. (2017) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-017-1013-3 · Cited by 12
“HOMA-IR and QUICKI were calculated using the following equations [34, 35]:”
MethodDey, P., Mah, E., Li, J., Jalili, T., Symons, J. D., & Bruno, R. S. (2017) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.007 · Cited by 12
You, H. N., Park, M. H., Hwang, S. Y., & Han, J.-S. (2018) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2017.4015 · Cited by 12
Cao, L., Graham, S. L., & Pilowsky, P. M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198432 · Cited by 12
Ko, C., Lin, R., Zeng, Y., et al. (2018) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.840 · Cited by 12
Júnior, W. S. D. S., de Souza, M. D. G. C., Neto, J. F. N., Bouskela, E., & Kraemer‐Aguiar, L. G. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2019/5238013 · Cited by 12
“FPG and insulin were used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) as follows: HOMA‐IR = insulin μUI/mL x FPG mmol/mL /22 5 [13] andQUICKI = 1/ log insulin, μUI/mL + log FPG, mg/dL [14].”
MethodIsobe, Y., Nakatsumi, Y., Sugiyama, Y., et al. (2019) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.3005-19 · Cited by 12
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), a measure of insulin sensitivity, was calculated by logarithmic transformation using the following formula: 1 / [log fasting insulin (U/mL) + log fasting glucose (mg/ dL)] (23).”
MethodCao, Y., Zhong, M., Zhang, Y., Zheng, Z., Liu, Y., Ni, X., Han, L., Song, M., Zhang, W., & Wang, Z. (2020) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s235335 · Cited by 14
Davids, S. F. G., Matsha, T. E., Peer, N., Erasmus, R. T., & Kengne, A. P. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2020/3781214 · Cited by 12
“4%, QUICKI from 23.6% to 13.3%, McAuley from 25.5% to 21.3%, and Matsuda from 25.5% to 18.8% (p ≤ 0:021).”
MethodInfluentialSachan, A., Singh, A., Shukla, S., Aggarwal, S., Mir, I. A., & Yadav, R. (2020) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes20090 · Cited by 12
Silva, S. D. S. E., Leite, N., Alle, L. F., de Souza, R. L. R., Corazza, P. R. P., Tadiotto, M. C., Milano, G. E., da Silva, L. R., Pizzi, J., Lopes, M. D. F. A., et al. (2022) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2022.146296 · Cited by 12
Crocin ameliorates MicroRNAs-associated ER stress in type 2 diabetes induced by methylglyoxal.
Radmehr, V., Ahangarpour, A., Mard, S. A., et al. (2022) · PubMed · doi:10.22038/ijbms.2022.60493.13407 · Cited by 12
“by ELISA assay kits; Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-cell Function (HOMA- β) were calculated by the following formula: HOMA-IR: Insulin (μIU/ml) × FBG (mg/dl) / 405 HOMA-β: Insulin (μIU/ml) × 360 / [FBG (mg/dl) – 63] Quantitative insulin sensitivity c…”
MethodInfluentialMiura, N., Ikezaki, A., Iwama, S., Matsuoka, H., Ito, K., & Sugihara, S. (2006) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02202.x · Cited by 14
“The group with AN differed significantly from the group without AN in percent overweight (pB/ 0.0005), BMI (pB/ 0.0005), waist circumference (pB/ 0.01), waist/height ratio (pB/0.005), fasting IRI (pB/ 0.005), HOMA-R (pB/0.01), QUICKI (pB/ 0.01), and blood levels of leptin (pB/ 0.001) and PAI-1 (pB/ 0.05) (Table I).”
MethodInfluentialAssessing the risk of impaired glucose metabolism in overweight adolescents in a clinical setting
Velasquez‐Mieyer, P., Cowan, P. A., Neira, C. P., & Tylavsky, F. A. (2008) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/bf03028625 · Cited by 11
Miura, N., Ikezaki, A., Iwama, S., et al. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.1080/08035250500294015 · Cited by 12
Göbl, C. S., Bozkurt, L., Mittlböck, M., Leutner, M., Yarragudi, R., Tura, A., Pacini, G., & Kautzky‐Willer, A. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00059.2015 · Cited by 12
The Clinical Biochemistry of Obesity—More Than Skin Deep
Sikaris, K. A. (2007) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2007.05.001 · Cited by 13
Serum hemorphin‐7 levels are decreased in obesity
Maraninchi, M., Féron, D., Fruitier‐Arnaudin, I., Corroller, A. B., Nogueira, J. P., Mancini, J., Valéro, R., Piot, J., & Vialettes, B. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20280 · Cited by 12
“Insulin resistance was estimated using the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (7).”
MethodAlissa, E. M., Alnahdi, W. A., Alama, N., & Ferns, G. A. (2014) · Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2014.09.001 · Cited by 12
“AHA/NHLBI, American Heart BMI, body mass index; DBP, HDL-C, high density lipoprosment for insulin resistance; Hospital; LDL-C, low-density QUICKI, quantitative insulin ; SD, standard deviation; TG, BY-NC-ND license (http:// close.”
MethodInfluentialSaltevo, J. T., Kautiainen, H., NISKANEN, L. K., Oksa, H. H., Puolijoki, H., Sundvall, J., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M., Peltonen, M., Tuomilehto, J., Uusitupa, M. I. J., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.05.006 · Cited by 12
“[14] Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K, Baron AD, Follman DA, Sullivan G, et al.”
BackgroundMethodShould insulin resistance be screened in lean hirsute women?
Arduç, A., SARIÇAM, O., Dogan, B. A., Tuna, M. M., Tütüncü, Y., Işık, S., Berker, D. S., Sennaroğlu, E., & Güler, S. (2015) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2014.994598 · Cited by 14
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated by the formula: 1/[log fasting insulin (mIU/mL)+log fasting glucose (mg/dL)] [23].”
MethodBahijri, S., & Alissa, E. M. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition · doi:10.3164/jcbn.10-148 · Cited by 12
Circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in women with gestational diabetes.
Telejko, B., Kuźmicki, M., Zonenberg, A., et al. (2007) · PubMed · doi:10.2478/4477 · Cited by 12
Magri, C. J., Fava, S., & Galea, J. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.03.002 · Cited by 12
“These include the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) [8], the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [9], fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR) and fasting insulin glucose product (FIGP).”
Method(2014) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000430 · Cited by 12
“Because abnormalities in insulin action are poorly detected by a single determination of glucose or insulin levels [13], the maternal glucose-insulin homeostasis state were described by calculating HOMA-IR [14] and QUICKI [15].”
MethodInfluentialSalehi, S., Sadeghi, F., Akhlaghi, M., Hanifpour, M. A., & Roshanzamir, M. (2018) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0062-1 · Cited by 13
Haeckel, R., Raber, R., & Wosniok, W. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2006.153 · Cited by 12
Insulin regulates protein synthesis rate in leukocytes from young and elderly healthy humans
Walrand, S., Guillet, C., Gachon, P., Giraudet, C., Rousset, P., Vasson, M., & Boirie, Y. (2005) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2005.09.003 · Cited by 12
Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Roden, M., Petersen, K. F., & Shulman, G. I. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119697473.ch17 · Cited by 14
Suojanen, L. J., Koskela, J., Wilenius, M., Choudhary, M. K., Hautaniemi, E. J., Viik, J., Mustonen, J. T., & Pörsti, I. H. (2021) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002965 · Cited by 11
“Glomerular filtration rate was evaluated using CKD-EPI-creatinine-cystatin-C formula [21], and insulin sensitivity using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [22].”
MethodEffects of preweaning milk allowance on long-term metabolism in Holstein heifers
Leal, L. N., Daniel, J., Doelman, J., Keppler, B. R., Steele, M. A., & Martín‐Tereso, J. (2025) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2024-26005 · Cited by 11
Linder, T., Eppel, D., Kotzaeridi, G., Rosicky, I., Yerlikaya‐Schatten, G., Kiss, H., Weißhaupt, K., Henrich, W., Bozkurt, L., Tura, A., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109942 · Cited by 12
Jiang, C., Wang, Y., Yang, W., & Yang, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1238090 · Cited by 10
“* The P value for pleiotropy is less than 0.05. provides a proxy for the degree of insulin resistance (34).”
BackgroundInfluentialFoote, A. P., Salisbury, C. M., King, M., Rathert-Williams, A. R., McConnell, H. L., & Beck, M. R. (2024) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skae050 · Cited by 11
“Surrogate indices such as the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; Matthews et al. 1985) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; Katz et al. 2000) have been developed for use in humans and rely on fasting insulin and glucose concentrations.”
MethodSedgi, F. M., Hosseiniazar, M. M., & Alizadeh, M. (2024) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114524000564 · Cited by 13
“The suggested formulas were utilised to compute Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and also to calculate Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) (34,35) .”
MethodCho, I. Y., Chang, Y., Sung, E., Park, B., Kang, J., Shin, H., Wild, S. H., Byrne, C. D., & Ryu, S. (2024) · Cancer & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s40170-024-00344-4 · Cited by 12
“However, HOMA-IR correlates well with hyperinsulinemic– euglycemic insulin clamp data assessing whole-body insulin sensitivity [48], and insulin clamps are impractical in routine health examinations.”
BackgroundLammi, C., Ottaviano, E., Fiore, G., Bollati, C., d’Adduzio, L., Fanzaga, M., Ceccarani, C., Vizzuso, S., Zuccotti, G., Borghi, E., et al. (2024) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-024-02444-w · Cited by 12
From NAFLD to MAFLD and MASLD: a tale of alcohol, stigma and metabolic dysfunction
Ciardullo, S., & Perseghin, G. (2024) · Metabolism and Target Organ Damage · doi:10.20517/mtod.2024.39 · Cited by 14
Suder, A., Makiel, K., Targosz, A., Kosowski, P., & Malina, R. M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79853-7 · Cited by 15
An Intraoperative Glucose Control Benchmark for Formal Verification
Chen, S., O’Kelly, M., Weimer, J. E., Sokolsky, O. V., & Lee, I. (2015) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.11.177 · Cited by 11
Tachibe, M., Kato, R., Sugano, S., Kishida, T., & Ebihara, K. (2009) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01276.x · Cited by 11
High plasma HDL-C attenuates stress hyperglycemia during acute phase of myocardial infarction
de Carvalho, L. S. F., Cintra, R. M. R., Moura, F. A., Martins, N. V. G., Silva, J. C. Q. E., Coelho, O. R., & Sposito, A. C. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.044 · Cited by 11
Tsubahara, M., Shoji, H., Mori, M., Matsunaga, N., Ikeno, M., Hisata, K., Okumura, A., & Shimizu, T. (2012) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.03.003 · Cited by 12
Yap, M. C., Balasekaran, G., & Burns, S. F. (2015) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3174-0 · Cited by 11
“The QUICKI, as with most fasting indices of insulin sensitivity, reflects hepatic and not peripheral insulin sensitivity and assumes that the two are proportional if an individual is in a fasted basal steady state (Katz et al. 2000; Muniyappa et al. 2008).”
BackgroundMethodShin, D., Eom, Y. S., Chon, S., Kim, B.-J., Yu, K., & Lee, D. H. (2019) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s195350 · Cited by 11
“15 From the perspective of the clinical meaning of insulin sensitivity, these inverse correlations reflect the efficacy of insulin for maintenance of a normal glucose range.(16) As a simple indirect indicator of insulin resistance, the usefulness of fasting insulin and C-peptide was suggested in asymptomatic subjects.”
BackgroundMetformin ameliorates body mass gain and early metabolic changes in ovariectomized rats
Barthem, C. S., Rossetti, C. L., de Carvalho, D. P., & da‐Silva, W. S. (2019) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-19-0470 · Cited by 12
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as previously described: QUICKI = 1 / [LOG fasting glycemia (mg/dL) + LOG fasting insulin (μU/mL)] (24).”
MethodIs Macronutrients Intake a Challenge for Cardiometabolic Risk in Obese Adolescents?
Vizzuso, S., Amatruda, M., Torto, A. D., D’Auria, E., Ippolito, G., Zuccotti, G., & Verduci, E. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061785 · Cited by 11
“QUICK index: QUICK index is considered as a surrogate measure of insulin sensitivity [30].”
BackgroundEvaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses
Lindåse, S. S., Nostell, K. E. A., Bergsten, P., Forslund, A. H., & Bröjer, J. T. (2021) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-021-02781-5 · Cited by 11
Sex-Specific Signature in the Circulating NLRP3 Levels of Saudi Adults with Metabolic Syndrome
Al‐Daghri, N. M., Wani, K., AlHarthi, H., Alghamdi, A. A., Alnaami, A. M., & Yakout, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10153288 · Cited by 11
Lieder, B., Čonka, J., Reiner, A. T., Zabel, V., Ameur, D., Somoza, M. M., Šebeková, K., Celec, P., & Somoza, V. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030594 · Cited by 11
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was used as a speciesindependent marker for glucose tolerance [16] and it was calculated using the following formula [17]:”
MethodDietrich, J. W., Dasgupta, R., Shajith Anoop, S., Jebasingh, F., Kurian, M. E., Inbakumari, M., Boehm, B. O., & Thomas, N. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22531-3 · Cited by 12
Csongová, M., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., van de Waarenburg, M. P. H., Gurecká, R., Koborová, I., Tábi, T., Szökő, É., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Šebeková, K. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14224929 · Cited by 12
Metabolic consequences of recombinant human growth hormone therapy in patients with Turner syndrome
Gnacińska, M., Magnuszewska, H., & Sworczak, K. (2023) · Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.5114/pedm.2022.123204 · Cited by 12
“Insulin secretion indices in relation to instantaneous insulin sensitivity (DIo, ISSI-2) also did not differ significantly (Table I).”
MethodRushing, K. A., Bolyard, M. L., Kelty, T. J., Wieschhaus, N., Pavela, G., Rector, R. S., & Plaisance, E. P. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1165224 · Cited by 11
“Quantitative insulinsensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated as previously described (Matthews et al., 1985; Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodHuang, Y., Chen, B., Yao, F., Chen, S., Ouyang, B., Deng, C., & Huang, Y. (2014) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12460 · Cited by 11
Upper-body obese women are resistant to postprandial stimulation of protein synthesis
Liebau, F., Jensen, M. D., Nair, K. S., & Rooyackers, O. (2013) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.11.001 · Cited by 11
“where FPI is the fasting plasma insulin concentration expressed in microunits/mL and FPG is the fasting plasma glucose concentration expressed in mg/dL (Note The formula originally (17) refers to whole blood rather than plasma glucose).”
BackgroundMethodRespiratory and metabolic responses during exercise and skeletal muscle morphology in obesity
Salvadori, A., Fanari, P., Dworzak, F., et al. (2004) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-004-0010-z · Cited by 11
“To obtain information on insulin sensitivity, we measured insulin plasma levels (by radioimmunologic assay) and blood glucose in each subject at rest, and calculated the insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [10].”
MethodInfluentialNiakaris, K., Magkos, F., Geladas, N. D., & Sidossis, L. S. (2005) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410400023241 · Cited by 11
“One point of concern is that all these indices have been designed and validated for use in subsets of the population, such as sedentary individuals with normal glucose tolerance, or insulin-resistant individuals, including diabetics and the obese (Avignon et al., 1999; Gutt et al., 2000; Katz et al., 2000; Matsuda & D…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialУчасова, Е. Г., Gruzdeva, Belik, E. V., Шурыгина, Барбараш, О. Л., & Dyleva, Y. A. (2013) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s46627 · Cited by 11
“Second, it prevents insulin binding to hepatocytes, increasing susceptibility to IR.”
InfluentialÇağlar, G. S., Ozdemir, E. D., Kiseli, M., et al. (2014) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000358826 · Cited by 11
Effect of oral phytoestrogen on androgenicity and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women
Lee, C. C., Bloem, C. J., Kasa-Vubu, J. Z., & Liang, L. (2011) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01532.x · Cited by 11
“Insulin sensitivity was determined using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) calculated by the equation: 1/{log[fasting insulin (μU/ml)] + log[fasting glucose (mg/dl)]} [7].”
MethodDetecting Insulin Resistance in Pakistani Subjects by Fasting Blood Samples
Hydrie, M. Z. I. (2012) · The Open Diabetes Journal · doi:10.2174/1876524601205010020 · Cited by 11
“Other researchers suggested QUICKI to be a better surrogate measure of insulin resistance than HOMA-IR [12].”
BackgroundMethodTabbaa, A., Shaker, M., López, R., Hoshemand, K., Nobili, V., & Alkhouri, N. (2015) · Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition · doi:10.5223/pghn.2015.18.3.168 · Cited by 11
“The homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [20], insulin sensitivity index [21], and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [22] were calculated as surrogate markers of insulin sensitivity.”
MethodInfluentialOh, P. C., Kang, W. C., Moon, J., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-016-0168-1 · Cited by 11
Tobina, T., Mori, Y., Doi, Y., Nakayama, F., Kiyonaga, A., & Tanaka, H. (2016) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12576-016-0491-y · Cited by 12
“For sensitivity, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was used: QUICKI = 1/ (log[fasting IRI (mU)] ? log[fasting plasma glucose (mg/ dL)]) [40].”
MethodLeutner, M., Göbl, C. S., Schlager, O., Charwat‐Resl, S., Wielandner, A., Howorka, E., Prünner, M., Bozkurt, L., Maruszczak, K., Geyik, H., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2016.1262802 · Cited by 11
“The reported association between FLI and QUICKI remained significant after adjustment for sex and age but not after adjustment for sex, age, and BMI.”
MethodInfluentialOrnellas, F., Bringhenti, I., Nagagata, B. A., Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda, C. A., & Águila, M. B. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1473-4 · Cited by 11
“QUICKI = 1/[log(I0) + log(G0)], where I0 is fasting insulin (μU/mL) and G0 is fasting glucose (mg/dL) [14].”
BackgroundKim, Y. M., Kim, S., & Shim, Y. S. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2017-0362 · Cited by 11
“The HOMA-IR [20] and QUICKI [21] were computed using the following formulas.”
MethodScoppola, A., Strigari, L., Barnabei, A., Petasecca, P., Galitiis, F. D., Fulgenzi, C. A. M., Roselli, M., LORENZO, A. D., Renzo, L. D., Marchetti, P., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00757 · Cited by 11
“Several methods IR assessed by, including hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (HEC) tests (the reference methods), and ratios derived from fasting insulin and glucose plasma levels, such as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (19) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (…”
MethodOh, M., Jung, S., Bae, E. J., Park, B., & Chae, S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9041114 · Cited by 11
“Insulin sensitivity was estimated by a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), using the following formula [15]: QUICKI = 1/[log(fasting insulin (μU/mL)) + log(fasting glucose (mg/dL))].”
MethodAmaro‐Gahete, F. J., Jurado‐Fasoli, L., Ruiz, J. R., & Castillo, M. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12041186 · Cited by 11
“The insulin glucose ratio, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = the inverse of the sum of the logarithms of the plasma insulin and plasma glucose) [32], and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA = plasma insulin (UI/mL) × plasma glucose (nmol/L)/22.”
MethodFerreira, Y. A. M., Kravchychyn, A. C. P., Vicente, S. E. D. C. F., et al. (2020) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155111 · Cited by 11
Population insulin sensitivity from sparsely sampled oral glucose tolerance tests
Stefanovski, D., Vellanki, P., Smiley, D. D., Umpierrez, G. E., & Boston, R. C. (2020) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154298 · Cited by 11
“p2i = pm2, m = 1, 2 p3i = pm3, m = 1, 2 Xi(t) = Xm(t), m = 1, 2 Ibi = Ibm, m = 1, 2 SIi = SIm = p3m p2m , m = 1, 2 (mU/1)−1min−1 (5)”
BackgroundThe KLF14 Variant is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and HbA1C Level
Shahvazian, E., Mahmoudi, M. B., Yazd, E. F., Gharibi, S., Moghimi, B., HosseinNia, P., & Mirzaei, M. (2021) · Biochemical Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10528-020-10015-w · Cited by 10
Sachan, A., Singh, A., Shukla, S., Aggarwal, S., Mir, I. A., & Yadav, R. (2021) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2021.100147 · Cited by 13
Fryklund, C., Neuhaus, M., Morén, B., Borreguero‐Muñoz, A., Lundmark, R., & Stenkula, K. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.942374 · Cited by 13
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as described previously: QUICKI = 1/[log(fasting insulin (μU/ml))+log(fasting glucose (mg/dl))], using the conversion factor 1 μU/mL = 6.00 p.m. for insulin (Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodInfluentialSorrentino, P., Tarantino, G., Conca, P., et al. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/2004/739509 · Cited by 11
“This test shows a good correlation with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique, the gold standard for quantitative assessment of insulin sensitivity (28,29).”
ResultTakhshid, M. A., Zahediannejad, Z., Aboualizadeh, F., et al. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 11
Leite, N., Lazarotto, L., Milano, G. E., et al. (2015) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.rpped.2015.01.012 · Cited by 11
Ntyintyane, L., Panz, V. R., Raal, F. J., et al. (2010) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164109360271 · Cited by 11
“The more recent quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), designed by Katz et al.(9) is an empirically derived mathematical transformation of fasting glucose and insulin concentrations that provides an index of insulin sensitivity.”
MethodGies, I., Thomas, M., Tenoutasse, S., Waele, K. D., Lebrethon, M.-C., Beckers, D., François, I., Maes, M., Rooman, R., de Beaufort, C. E., et al. (2012) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000339829 · Cited by 11
The relationship of urotensin II with insulin resistance and hs-CRP in patients having PCOS
Yılmaz, Ö., Çalan, Ö. G., Küme, T., et al. (2013) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2013.824962 · Cited by 10
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated according to the following formula: QUICKI1⁄4 1/[logInsulin (mU/mL)þ logGlucose (mg/dL)] [16].”
MethodMeher, D., Dutta, D., Ghosh, S. K., Mukhopadhyay, P., Chowdhury, S., & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.047 · Cited by 11
“[13] Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K, Baron AD, Follmann DA, Sullivan G, et al.”
BackgroundInsulin sensitivity in young women with vasovagal syncope
Ruiz, A., Calvar, C. E., Hermes, R., Rivadeneira, D., Bengolea, V., Chirife, R., TENTORI, M. C., & Gelpi, R. J. (2003) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(02)94707-1 · Cited by 11
Vrbíková, J., Bendlová, B., Vaňková, M., Dvorakova, K., Grimmichová, T., Vondra, K., & Pacini, G. (2009) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590902972133 · Cited by 11
“QUICKI did not differ significantly between groups.”
MethodSzotowska, M., Czerwieńska, B., Adamczak, M., Chudek, J. T., & Więcek, A. (2012) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000332403 · Cited by 10
Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome
Banerji, M. A., & Chaiken, R. L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09841-8_34 · Cited by 12
Hyperinsulinemia predisposes to NAFLD
Mishra, S., Yadav, D., Gupta, M., Mishra, H. K., & Sharma, P. (2008) · Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s12291-008-0030-6 · Cited by 11
“Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis Model (18,19) and insulin sensitivity by QUICKI INDEX ( 20 ).”
MethodAsymmetric dimethylarginine level in hyperglycemic gestation
Sertkaya, A., Kafkaslı, A., Türkçüoğlu, İ., et al. (2011) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-011-9461-6 · Cited by 11
Horáková, D., Pastucha, D., Stejskal, D., et al. (2011) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2011.042 · Cited by 11
Measurement and Correlation of Indices of Insulin Resistance in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
King-Morris, K., Değer, S. M., Hung, A. M., Egbert, P., Ellis, C. D., Graves, A. J., Shintani, A., & Ikizler, T. A. (2015) · Peritoneal Dialysis International · doi:10.3747/pdi.2013.00296 · Cited by 11
“49 Leptin (ng/mL; median, IQR) 57 (12, 67) 22 (13, 66) 0.”
Role of insulin receptors in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Liang, G., Wu, H., Li, J., et al. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.2143/ac.66.3.2114132 · Cited by 11
Conen, K. L., Scanni, R., Gombert, M.-T., Hulter, H. N., & Krapf, R. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.03.017 · Cited by 11
Rapaport, R., Saenger, P. H., Wajnrajch, M. P., et al. (2008) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2008.21.5.411 · Cited by 11
Park, M. H., & Han, J.-S. (2015) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.3375 · Cited by 11
Alissa, E. M. (2018) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_194_17 · Cited by 11
Donadon, V., Balbi, M., Perciaccante, A., et al. (2009) · Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes · doi:10.4137/cmed.s3116 · Cited by 11
Insulin resistance and lipid levels in adolescents with familial risk for psychosis
Koponen, H., Maki, P. M., Halonen, H., Miettunen, J., Laitinen, J. H., Tammelin, T., Moilanen, I., Taanila, A. M., Ruokonen, A., Korkeila, J. J. A., et al. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01154.x · Cited by 11
“On the basis of the insulin and glucose levels the Qualitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) was determined according to the equation: QUICKI = 1 ⁄ [log(I0) + log (G0)], in which I0 is fasting insulin, and G0 is fasting glucose (22).”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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