The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
3 of 17 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
Cites
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 · Cited by 21,230
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,325
Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456
Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
Reaven, G. M., Lithell, H., & Landsberg, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602083340607 · Cited by 1,435
Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
Bergman, R. N. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512 · Cited by 1,001
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,401–2,500 of 3,800
Katsuki, A., Urakawa, H., Gabazza, E. C., Murashima, S., Nakatani, K., TOGASHI, K., Yano, Y., Adachi, Y., & Sumida, Y. (2005) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.52.253 · Cited by 11
“reported that the correlation between QUICKI and clamp is significantly better than that between HOMA IR and clamp IR in normal, obese and diabetic subjects [11].”
BackgroundMethodMetabolic implications of GH treatment in small for gestational age
Delemarre, E. M., Rotteveel, J., & de Waal, H. A. D. (2007) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-07-0163 · Cited by 11
Hjorth, T., Schadow, A. M., Revheim, I., Spielau, U., Meyer, K., Rieder, A., Varela, P., Ballance, S., Koerner, A., Landberg, R., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.018 · Cited by 12
“The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Index (QUICKI) was derived from the method proposed by Katz et al. [18].”
Tang, X., Wu, R., Chen, J., Wang, F.-L., Zhao, S.-L., Lu, J. L., Qin, J., Zhuang, D., & Zhang, B. (2025) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2025.100402 · Cited by 10
“To improve upon this, future research could integrate additional indices like QUICKI, the Matsuda Index from oral glucose tolerance tests, and the adipose tissue insulin resistance index for a more comprehensive assessment [69 – 71].”
Łagowska, K., Malinowska, A. M., Kapczuk, K., Mikołajczyk-Stecyna, J., Chmurzyńska, A., & SCHMIDT, M. T. (2022) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2022.111606 · Cited by 11
Salavatizadeh, M., Soltanieh, S., Kachouei, A. A., Fallahi, Z., Kord‐Varkaneh, H., Poustchi, H., Mansour, A., Khamseh, M. E., Alaei-Shahmiri, F., Santos, H. O., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1228072 · Cited by 11
“QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index) was computed as 1=1⁄2log (fasting insulin in mU=mL) + log (fasting glucose in mg=dL ) (29).”
MethodRezaeimanesh, N., Kasbi, N. A., Saeedi, R., Sahraian, M. A., Jahromi, S. R., & Moghadasi, A. N. (2024) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.70006 · Cited by 12
Heterogeneity of Gestational Diabetes and Risk for Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Cohort Study
Gong, Y., Wang, Q., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Li, C., Kang, R., Wang, J., Wei, T., Wang, Q., Li, X., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae754 · Cited by 10
Choksi, H., Pleass, H. C. C., Robertson, P. R., Au, E. H. K., & Rogers, N. M. (2025) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000005334 · Cited by 11
Khoramipour, K., Hosseini, N. S., Hill, J. W., Khoramipour, K., Khoramipour, K., Maroto‐Izquierdo, S., Lista, S., & Saheli, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-15432-8 · Cited by 10
“QUICKI was calculated using the formula of Katz and colleagues: (i.e., 1/[log (fasting insulin in μU/ml) + log (fasting glucose in mg/dl)]) 36 .”
Godoy‐Matos, A. F., Bahia, L., Domingues, R. C., Tambascia, M. A., Geloneze, B., Kraemer‐Aguiar, L. G., & Bouskela, E. (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02868.x · Cited by 10
Panidis, D., Τζιόμαλος, Κ., Papadakis, E. P., Vosnakis, C., Betsas, G., Tsourdi, E., & Katsikis, I. (2013) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep13058.or · Cited by 10
Serum ghrelin and prediction of metabolic parameters in over 20-year follow-up
Leinonen, T., Kesäniemi, Y. A., Hedberg, P. S. M., et al. (2015) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.12.002 · Cited by 10
Risk factors of diabetes in North Indians with metabolic syndrome
Pratyush, D. D., Tiwari, S., Singh, S., & Singh, S. K. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.01.032 · Cited by 10
“QUICKI and HOMA-S are highly correlated (R = 0.99) in a database of 204 young and elderly subjects [12].”
MethodInfluentialNourbakhsh, S., Ashrafzadeh, S., Hafizi, A., et al. (2016) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/2050312116646691 · Cited by 10
Šebeková, K., Gurecká, R., Csongová, M., Koborová, I., & Šebek, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103612 · Cited by 10
“[16] Contrary to findings in the whole cohort and in males, trends in insulinemia, QUICKI, triacylglycerols, atherogenic index, uricemia, adiponectin, sRAGE, cRAGE, and esRAGE across BP categories were insignificant in females.”
MethodInfluentialYang, C., Liu, X., Li, J., Yan, N., Dang, Y., Chang, Z., Wang, K., Liu, X., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2021.0120 · Cited by 10
“21 These indices were calculated using the following formula: HOMA-IR = (fasting glucose [mmol/L] · fasting insulin [ m IU/mL])/22.5; HOMA-b = 20 · fasting insulin ( m IU/mL)/(fasting glucose [mmol/L]–3.5); and QUICKI = 1/(log [fasting insulin ( m IU/mL)] + log[(fasting glucose (mg/dL)]).”
InfluentialReis‐Barbosa, P. H., Marinho, T. D. S., Matsuura, C., et al. (2022) · Acta Histochemica · doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151937 · Cited by 10
Zhang, X., Du, L., Zhang, W., et al. (2022) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.034 · Cited by 10
Ghalichi, F., Saghafi‐Asl, M., Kafil, B., Faghfouri, A. H., Rajabi-Jourshari, M., Naserkiadeh, A. A., & Ostadrahimi, A. (2023) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-023-03604-4 · Cited by 11
Taurio, J., Hautaniemi, E. J., Koskela, J., Eräranta, A., Hämäläinen, M., Tikkakoski, A., Kettunen, J., Kähönen, M. A. P., Niemelä, O. J., Moilanen, E., et al. (2023) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03150-w · Cited by 13
“In the present study, subjects in the upper quartiles of WHtR were more insulin resistant based on their QUICKI values, but no parallel changes in cardiac sympathovagal modulation were observed.”
BackgroundInfluentialAntoniotti, V., Amore, M., Caputo, M., Fania, C., Mancioppi, V., Casoli, G., Tini, S., Antonioli, A., Aimaretti, G., Rabbone, I., et al. (2023) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvad088 · Cited by 10
“Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; DI, disposition index; HOMA-β, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-cell function; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; INS, Insulinogenic Index; QUICKI, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; ISI, Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index; SPISE, Single…”
MethodInfluentialMansouri, E., Asghari, S., Nikooei, P., Yaseri, M., Vasheghani‐Farahani, A., & Hosseinzadeh‐Attar, M. J. (2023) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2023.2223390 · Cited by 10
“QUICKI = 1/ [log (fasting insulin, µU/ml) + log (fasting glucose, mg/dl)] [28].”
Salsalate treatment improves glycemia without altering adipose tissue in nondiabetic obese hispanics
Alderete, T. L., Sattler, F. R., Richey, J. M., Allayee, H., Mittelman, S. D., Sheng, X., Tucci, J., Gyllenhammer, L. E., Grant, E. G., & Goran, M. I. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20991 · Cited by 10
“QUICKI, an index for insulin sensitivity, was calculated as 1 / (log (fasting insulin (lU ml(21))) 1 log (fasting glucose (mg dl(21)))) (21).”
Yao, K., Zhang, X., Huang, Z., et al. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.4.02 · Cited by 10
“The calculation of insulin sensitivity QUICK method, such as Arie K.(10) was used to calculate insulin sensitivity (SI) in all cases.”
MethodAltuve, M., Severeyn, É., & Wong, S. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944637 · Cited by 10
“Before optimization, the methods that have the lowest correlation coefficient are: HOMA–IR and QUICKI on normal subjects (r = −0.5106 and r = 0.5106) and athletes (r = −0.1357 and r = 0.1357), and Avignon (r = −0.8036) on subjects with metabolic syndrome.”
MethodInfluentialRiesco, É., Roussel, M., Lemoine, S., Garnier, S., Sanguignol, F., & Mauriège, P. (2008) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h08-063 · Cited by 10
“(Katz et al. 2000).”
Mäkelä, J., Lagström, H., Kaljonen, A., Simell, O., & Niinikoski, H. (2013) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.01.007 · Cited by 10
“[19]: 1/(log Insulin 0 h+log Glucose 0 h) and the composite insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda ISI) according to Matsuda and DeFronzo [20]: 10,000/(√(Glucose 0 h×Insulin 0 h)×√(Glucose mean×Insulin mean)).”
MethodPark, H. W., Kwon, T., Kim, K., et al. (2010) · Korean Circulation Journal · doi:10.4070/kcj.2010.40.2.62 · Cited by 10
Gesteiro, E., Bastida, S., & Sánchez-Muniz, F. J. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.1590/s0212-16112011000600036 · Cited by 11
“The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) is also considered useful for evaluating insulin sensitivity.(11) As neonates from mothers who screened positive for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the O’Sullivan glucose tolerance test(12) also displayed alterations in glucose metabolism parameters,(13…”
MethodKoiou, E., Τζιόμαλος, Κ., Katsikis, I., Dinas, K. D., Tsourdi, E. A., Kandaraki, E., Delkos, D., Papadakis, E. P., & Panidis, D. (2012) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/bf03401540 · Cited by 10
Baldasseroni, S., Pratesi, A., Orso, F., Serio, C. D., Foschini, A., Marella, A. G., Bartoli, N., Bari, M. D., Fumagalli, S., Marchionni, N., et al. (2013) · Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease · doi:10.4081/monaldi.2013.5233 · Cited by 10
“However, unlike other reports [23], we did not find an association between epicardial fat thickness and severity of CAD defined by the number of coronary arteries affected by at least 75% stenosis or by the number of site of percutaneous/grafting revascularization.”
MethodResultThe impact of adiponectin levels on biomarkers of inflammation among adolescents with obesity
Vicente, S. E. D. C. F., Corgosinho, F. C., Campos, R. M. D. S., Masquio, D. C. L., Silva, L. O. E., Kravchychyn, A. C. P., Sanches, P. D. L., de Piano, A., Oyama, L. M., Tock, L., et al. (2017) · Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2016.12.002 · Cited by 10
Kartono, A., Irawati, F. D., Setiawan, A. A., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15621 · Cited by 10
Interleukin-18 polymorphism as an inflammatory index in metabolic syndrome: A preliminary study
Fatima, S. S., Jamil, Z., Abidi, S. H., Nadeem, D. M., Bashir, Z., & Ansari, A. (2017) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v8.i6.304 · Cited by 10
Bouziana, S. D., Τζιόμαλος, Κ., Goulas, A., Vyzantiadis, T., Panderi, A., & Hatzitolios, A. I. (2017) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.10.038 · Cited by 10
Gruzdeva, O. V., Учасова, Е. Г., Dyleva, Y. A., Евгеньевна, А. О., Каретникова, В. Н., Shilov, A. A., & Барбараш, О. Л. (2017) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s149463 · Cited by 10
“It has been previously reported that short-term treatment (6 weeks) with atorvastatin at a dose of 10 mg/day in patients with T2DM and mixed hyperlipoproteinemia did not significantly affect ghrelin levels.(11) In the current study, the higher dose of atorvastatin (40 mg/day) over the 12-month treatment period did not…”
BackgroundArchontogeorgis, K., Παπάνας, Ν., Nena, E., Tzouvelekis, A., Tsigalou, C., Voulgaris, A., Xanthoudaki, M., Mouemin, T., Froudarakis, Μ. E., & Steiropoulos, P. (2017) · The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal · doi:10.2174/1874192401711010159 · Cited by 10
“IR was assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (mU/L) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/405) and the Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index [QUICKI = 1/(log(fasting insulin μU/mL) + log(fasting glucose mg/dL)] [16, 17].”
MethodMonson, M. L., Dennis, P. M., Lukas, K. E., Krynak, K. L., Carrino‐Kyker, S. R., Burke, D. J., & Schook, M. W. (2018) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.21434 · Cited by 11
Lewandowski, K. C., Płusajska, J., Horzelski, W., & Lewiñski, A. (2019) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-0896-4144 · Cited by 10
“QUICKI index was calculated according to the formula: QUICKI = 1/[log(I0) + log(G0), where I0 denotes fasting insulin, and glucose [G0 denotes fasting glucose] [9].”
MethodWang, S., Li, G., Zuo, H., Yang, H., Ma, L., Feng, J. N., Niu, Y., Ma, L., Liu, S., Qi, T., et al. (2019) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-019-0400-5 · Cited by 10
Li, J., Xu, S., Liu, Y., Yan, Z., Zhang, F., Lv, Q., & Tong, N. (2019) · Lipids · doi:10.1002/lipd.12182 · Cited by 10
Shahin, L., Hyassat, D., Batieha, A. M., Khader, Y. S., El-Khateeb, M. S., & Ajlouni, K. M. (2019) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399815666190823151222 · Cited by 10
Nguyen, T. T., Doan, H. T., Quan, L. H., et al. (2020) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2020.1744556 · Cited by 10
Perna, S., Spadaccini, D., Gasparri, C., Peroni, G., Infantino, V., Iannello, G., Riva, A., Petrangolini, G., Alalwan, T. A., Al-Thawadi, S., et al. (2020) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2020.1752997 · Cited by 12
“Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) method [21] and the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [22].”
MethodAlipour, M. R., Jeddi, S., & Karimi‐Sales, E. (2020) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.13476 · Cited by 12
Ahmed, M. H., Wilkens, M. R., Ganter, M., & Breves, G. (2020) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.016 · Cited by 10
Verduci, E., Banderali, G., Profio, E. D., Vizzuso, S., Zuccotti, G., & Radaelli, G. (2021) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-020-00537-w · Cited by 10
“The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check (QUICK) index was calculated as 1/[log10 fasting plasma insulin (U/mL) + log10 glucose (mg/dL)] [32].”
MethodHOMA-IR index in non-diabetic patient, a reliable method for early diagnosis of liver steatosis.
Motamed, B., Vajargah, M. K., Kalantari, S., & Shafaghi, A. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22088/cjim.13.3.519 · Cited by 10
“(16) and found to have a significant correlation with glucose control in non-diathetic patients and is commonly used in clinical trials in NAFLD patients (17, 18).”
MethodAlshehade, S. A., Zarzour, R. H. A., Mathai, M. L., Giribabu, N., Seyedan, A., Kaur, G., Al‐Suede, F. S. R., Majid, A. M. S. A., Murugaiyah, V., Almoustafa, H. A., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16010109 · Cited by 9
“In addition, serum lipid ratios (Equations (1)–(4)) [22,40,62], a homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (Equation (5)) [63,64], and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (Equation (6)) were calculated [16].”
BackgroundMethodLin, X. L., Li, Q., Zhao, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1177/10815589231152823 · Cited by 10
“Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and QUICKI were widely used as clinically useful surrogate IR measures.(25,26) Insulin level testing is not a common clinical test; thus, it is expensive, time-consuming, and has a limited number of clinical applications.”
MethodShokeir, T. A., & El-Kannishy, G. M. (2008) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.0812 · Cited by 10
RetractedOtt, J., Mayerhofer, K., Nouri, K., Walch, K., Seemann, R., & Kurz, C. (2014) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-014-0267-1 · Cited by 10
Fenofibrate increases serum vaspin by upregulating its expression in adipose tissue
Chen, M., Deng, D., Fang, Z., Xu, M., Hu, H., Luo, L., & Wang, Y. (2013) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-013-0023-y · Cited by 10
Laskewitz, A. J., van Dijk, T. H., Grefhorst, A., van Lierop, M.-J., Schreurs, M., Bloks, V. W., Reijngoud, D., Dokter, W. H. A., Kuipers, F., & Groen, A. K. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1891 · Cited by 10
“This clearly shows that, although HOMA-IR and HIEC were shown to be well correlated in humans (40), there is adisengagementbetweentheHOMA-IRwiththeHIECin mice, which has previously been reported for rodents (39, 41).”
Assessment of insulin resistance in normoglycemic young adults
Preethi, B. L., Jaisri, G., KUMAR, K. M. P., & Sharma, R. K. (2011) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119711010154 · Cited by 10
Surrogate measures of insulin resistance: does one size fit all?
Simonson, D. C. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3454-y · Cited by 10
“HOMA-IR [2] or Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index [QUICKI] [3]) or after oral glucose ingestion D.”
BackgroundReproducibility of HOMA and QUICKI among individuals with variable glucose tolerance
Borai, A., Livingstone, C., Anwar, F., Kholeif, M. A., Wang, T., & Ferns, G. A. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.01.006 · Cited by 10
Park, C. S., Ihm, S., Park, H., Shin, W., Kim, P.-J., Chang, K., Kim, H.-Y., Youn, H., Chung, W.-S., Seung, K. B., et al. (2011) · Korean Circulation Journal · doi:10.4070/kcj.2011.41.4.198 · Cited by 10
Irving, B. A., Davis, C. K., Brock, D. W., Weltman, J. Y., Swift, D. L., Barrett, E. J., Gaesser, G. A., & WELTMAN, A. L. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 11
Uthaya, S. N., Liu, X., Babalis, D. S., et al. (2016) · Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation · doi:10.3310/eme03020 · Cited by 10
Gustavsson, C., Andersson-Hall, U. K., Pelanis, A., Karlsson, O., Andersson, L., Svedin, P., Mallard, C. E., Myntti, A., Andréasson, U., Zetterberg, H., et al. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21502 · Cited by 10
“quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/(Log(s-insulin)(mU/L) 1 Log(p-glucose)(mmol/L)) (22).”
MethodKelesoglu, M., Kızılay, F., Barutçuoğlu, B., Başol, G., Saraç, F., MUTAF, I., & Semerci, B. (2017) · Urology Research and Practice · doi:10.5152/tud.2017.30633 · Cited by 10
Antonopoulou, V., Karras, S. Ν., Koufakis, T., Yavropoulou, M. P., Katsiki, N., Gerou, S., Papavramidis, T. S., & Kotsa, K. (2019) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.019 · Cited by 10
Ren, G., Bowers, R. L., Kim, T., Araya-Ramírez, F., Mahurin, A. J., Dean, D. M., Grandjean, P. W., & Mathews, S. T. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22730 · Cited by 10
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), validated to assess insulin sensitivity, was calculated as follows: 1 / (log[fasting insulin (microunits per milliliter)] + log[fasting glucose (milligrams per deciliter)]) (25).”
MethodWu, K., Li, X., Xu, Y., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2020/2975898 · Cited by 10
“Insulin resistance (IR), which reflects insulin sensitivity, can be described as a decreased response of muscle and adipose tissues to the effects of insulin [1].”
BackgroundDarling, K. E., Ranzenhofer, L. M., Hadley, W. S., Villalta, D., Kasper, V. L., & Jelalian, E. (2020) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101402 · Cited by 10
“Characteristic N (or Mean) % (or SD) Biological sex Female 106 62.4% Male 64 37.6% Ethnicity Hispanic or Latino 68 40.0% Not Hispanic or Latino 102 60.0% Race White/Caucasian 82 48.2% Black/African American 18 10.6% Asian 2 1.2% >American Indian/Alaskan Native 1 0.6% Multiracial/Other a 67 39.4% Age M = 14.81 SD = 1.8…”
MethodInfluentialLiraglutide Effect on Ventricular Transient Outward K + Channel and Connexin-43 Protein Expression
Ramadan, N. M., Malek, H. A., Rahman, K. A., El-Kholy, E., Shaalan, D., & Elkashef, W. F. (2020) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1162-8196 · Cited by 12
Singal, P., Muniyappa, R., Chisholm, R., Hall, G., Chen, H., Quon, M. J., & Mather, K. J. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00603.2009 · Cited by 10
Self-citationHino, A., Inoue, A., Mafune, K., Nakagawa, T., Hayashi, T., & Hiro, H. (2016) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.16-0061-oa · Cited by 10
Villalobos-Labra, R., Westermeier, F., Pizarro, C., Sáez, P. J., Toledo, F., Pardo, F., Kusanovic, J. P., Mardones, F., Poblete, J. A., Sobrevía, L., et al. (2019) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2019.07.007 · Cited by 10
Association between an ASIC3 gene variant and insulin resistance in Taiwanese
Wu, S., Hsu, L., Chou, H., et al. (2010) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.04.016 · Cited by 10
Klümpen, L., Mantri, A., Philipps, M., Seel, W., Schlautmann, L., Yaghmour, M. H., Wiemann, V., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., Coenen, M., Weinhold, L., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68303-9 · Cited by 10
“In addition, insulin resistance was evaluated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) 91,92 and the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) 93,94 based on fasting concentrations.”
Association of Long-term Antiseizure Medication Use and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Tseng, W.-E. J., Chang, C., Hwang, J., Ko, P., Liu, C., & Lim, S. (2023) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000207222 · Cited by 10
Kakutani‐Hatayama, M., Kadoya, M., Morimoto, A., Miyoshi, A., Kosaka‐Hamamoto, K., Kanzaki, A., Konishi, K., Kusunoki, Y., Syoji, T., & Koyama, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1211705 · Cited by 9
Ciardullo, S., Dodesini, A. R., Lepore, G., Corsi, A. M., Scaranna, C., Perseghin, G., & Trevisan, R. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad682 · Cited by 9
Riccio, A., Fortin, E., Mellbin, L., Norhammar, A., Näsman, P., Rydén, L., Sesti, G., & Ferrannini, G. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-02093-y · Cited by 13
Body Composition and Metabolism in Adults With Molecularly Confirmed Silver-Russell Syndrome
Lokulo‐Sodipe, O., Inskip, H. M., Byrne, C. D., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae074 · Cited by 9
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/(log fasting insulin [mU/mL] + log fasting glucose [mg/dL]) (32).”
MethodBiskaduros, A., Glodzik, L., Louis, L. A. S., Rusinek, H., Pirraglia, E., Osorio, R. S., Butler, T., Li, Y., Xi, K., Tanzi, E. B., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13800 · Cited by 9
Gabel, K., Chakos, K., Oliveira, M. L., Perez, J. S., Cares, K., Lima, N. S., Ganschow, P. S., Yanez, B. R., Gadi, V., & Tussing-Humphreys, L. M. (2024) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pkae108 · Cited by 9
“…whereas fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and insulin sensitivity by the QUICKI method (Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, QUICKI ¼ 1/[log(fasting insulin in μ U/ml) þ log(fasting glucose in mg/dl)]) 22 remained unchanged after 8weeks of weekday-only time-restricted eating.”
Ciresi, A., Cicciò, F., Radellini, S., & Giordano, C. S. D. S. (2016) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2016.05.001 · Cited by 9
“As surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity we considered the homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (Homa-IR) [28], the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [30] and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), a composite index derived from the OGTT and validated by Matsuda and DeFron…”
MethodInfluentialBlanchard, C. L., Ledoux, S., Verhaegen, A. A., Wargny, M., Letessier, E., Stépanian, A., Huten, N., Jacobi, D., Krempf, M., Bras, M. L., et al. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.01.003 · Cited by 9
Lunesu, M. F., Ledda, A., Correddu, F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18342 · Cited by 9
Moghtaderi, F., Amiri, M., Raeisi‐Dehkordi, H., Zimorovat, A., Mohyadini, M., & Salehi‐Abargouei, A. (2022) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7381 · Cited by 9
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was estimated using the following equation: (QUICKI = 1/[log (fasting insulin) + log (fasting glucose)]) (Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodVizzuso, S., Torto, A. D., Fiore, G., Milanta, C., Locatelli, G., d’Errico, A., Diamanti, A., Bosetti, A., Colli, A. M., Carugo, S., et al. (2023) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.01.001 · Cited by 9
Šebeková, K., Gurecká, R., Csongová, M., Koborová, I., & Celec, P. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10071144 · Cited by 9
“Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) [21].”
MethodNaem, A. A. A.-H., Al‐Terehi, M. N., Ghafil, F. A., Ataya, F. S., Batiha, G. E., Alexiou, A. T., Papadakis, M., Welson, N. N., & Hadi, N. R. (2024) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.486 · Cited by 10
“BMI was calculated using the formula BMI = weight (in kilo-grams)/height (in metres squared), and it was used to categorise patients as either normal (BMI 25 kg/m 2 ), overweight (BMI be-tween 25 and 29.9 kg/m 2 ) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) [15].”
MethodInfluentialJin, S., Choi, S. H., Choi, D.-W., Heo, J. S., Suh, S., Bae, J. C., Kim, J. H., Lee, M., Kim, K., & Lee, M. (2014) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-013-0159-9 · Cited by 9
Güven, A., Özgen, İ. T., & Aliyazıcıoğlu, Y. (2009) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590903159540 · Cited by 9
“Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was determined by the formula: 1/[Log fasting insulin (mU/ml)þLog fasting glucose (mg/dl)] [33].”
MethodPossible resting metabolic rate modification by the circulating RBP4 in obese subjects
Ansar, H., Mirzaei, K., Malek, A., Najmafshar, A., & Hossein‐Nezhad, A. (2014) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2014.09.012 · Cited by 9
Singal, P., Janghorbani, M., Schuette, S. A., Chisholm, R., & Mather, K. J. (2010) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0109 · Cited by 9
“60) reported previously.(7) Dillon et al.”
Self-citationUsing Growth Hormone Levels to Detect Macroadenoma in Patients with Acromegaly
Park, J. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. W., et al. (2014) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2014.29.4.450 · Cited by 9
Takeshita, Y., Takamura, T., Kita, Y., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000122 · Cited by 9
“The C peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) index (CPI) was calculated using the formula: [100×fasting CPR (ng/mL)]/ [18×FPG (mm)].(21) C peptide and insulin levels were determined by an immunoenzymometric assay using Tosoh kits (Shunan, Japan).”
MethodAdaptive genetic variation, stress and glucose regulation
Oriel, R. C., Wiley, C. D., Dewey, M. J., & Vrana, P. B. (2008) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.000661 · Cited by 9
AGE AND GENDER MAY INFLUENCE THE RESULTS OF ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS? Metabolic syndrome parameters
Andrade-Silva, S. G., Caranti, D. A., Sallet, J. A. A. S., Leal, L. P. F. F., Antonio Joaquim Ferreira, L. E. A. L., & Dâmaso, A. R. (2014) · Arquivos de Gastroenterologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-2803201400030002 · Cited by 9
“The insulin sensitivity was estimated by the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) proposed by Katz et al.(25).”
MethodLee, B., Jun, H., Yim, H., Park, J.-B., Woo, H., & Yoo, H. (2010) · Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.022 · Cited by 9
“Another insulin sensitivity index was defined with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) using the following formula: 1/[log10 (fasting glucose) + log10 (fasting insulin)] [13].”
MethodZhang, J., Song, W., Sun, Y., Cheng, B., & Shan, A. (2017) · Toxicology Research · doi:10.1039/c7tx00243b · Cited by 9
Tumor necrosis factor- α, adiponectin and their ratio in gestational diabetes mellitus.
(2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.22088/cjim.9.1.71 · Cited by 10
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was used to estimate insulin sensitivity (15).”
MethodEffect of present versus previous smoking on non-invasive haemodynamics
Choudhary, M. K., Eräranta, A., Tikkakoski, A., Bouquin, H., Hautaniemi, E. J., Kähönen, M. A. P., Sipilä, K., Mustonen, J. T., & Pörsti, I. H. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31904-6 · Cited by 9
Šebeková, K., Gurecká, R., Csongová, M., Koborová, I., & Šebek, J. (2019) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-019-03402-y · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
