Phase I/II randomized trial of aerobic exercise in Parkinson disease in a community setting
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To (1) investigate effects of aerobic walking on motor function, cognition, and quality of life in Parkinson disease (PD), and (2) compare safety, tolerability, and fitness benefits of different forms of exercise intervention: continuous/moderate intensity vs interval/alternating between low and vigorous intensity, and individual/neighborhood vs group/facility setting. METHODS: Initial design was a 6-month, 2 × 2 randomized trial of different exercise regimens in independently ambulatory patients with PD. All arms were required to exercise 3 times per week, 45 minutes per session. RESULTS: Randomization to group/facility setting was not feasible because of logistical factors. Over the first 2 years, we randomized 43 participants to continuous or interval training. Because preliminary analyses suggested higher musculoskeletal adverse events in the interval group and lack of difference between training methods in improving fitness, the next 17 participants were allocated only to continuous training. Eighty-one percent of 60 participants completed the study with a mean attendance of 83.3% (95% confidence interval: 77.5%-89.0%), exercising at 46.8% (44.0%-49.7%) of their heart rate reserve. There were no serious adverse events. Across all completers, we observed improvements in maximum oxygen consumption, gait speed, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale sections I and III scores (particularly axial functions and rigidity), fatigue, depression, quality of life (e.g., psychological outlook), and flanker task scores (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Increase in maximum oxygen consumption correlated with improvements on the flanker task and quality of life (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary study suggests that aerobic walking in a community setting is safe, well tolerated, and improves aerobic fitness, motor function, fatigue, mood, executive control, and quality of life in mild to moderate PD. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that in patients with PD, an aerobic exercise program improves aerobic fitness, motor function, fatigue, mood, and cognition.
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Aerobic exercise improves cognition in AD patients and motor function in PD patients.
“aerobic exercise has been extensively researched for its role in improving cognition in AD patients and motor function in PD patients.542–545”
From Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances (2025) · cites this paper as [545]
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- Authors
- Uc, E. Y., Doerschug, K. C., Magnotta, V., Dawson, J. D., Thomsen, T. R., Kline, J. N., Rizzo, M., Newman, S. R., Mehta, S., Grabowski, T. J., Bruss, J., Blanchette, D. R., Anderson, S. W., Voss, M. W., Kramer, A. F., & Darling, W. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2014-07-29
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 413-425
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC4132568
- OpenAlex
- W1976513341
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 14.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG017177)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS044930)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES005605, P30ES005605)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024979)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, aerobic exercise, aerobic walking, interval training, continuous training, cardiorespiratory fitness, motor function, fatigue, depression, executive function, quality of life, community-based exercise, walking speed, VO2max
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Quality of Life, Residence Characteristics, Exercise, Treatment Outcome
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