Multiple pathologies are common and related to dementia in the oldest-old: The 90+ Study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of multiple pathologies in the expression of dementia in the oldest-old. METHODS: A total of 183 participants of The 90+ Study with longitudinal follow-up and autopsy were included in this clinical-pathologic investigation. Eight pathologic diagnoses (Alzheimer disease [AD], microinfarcts, hippocampal sclerosis, macroinfarcts, Lewy body disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, white matter disease, and others) were dichotomized. We estimated the odds of dementia in relation to each individual pathologic diagnosis and to the total number of diagnoses. We also examined dementia severity in relation to number of pathologic diagnoses. RESULTS: The presence of multiple pathologic diagnoses was common and occurred more frequently in those with dementia compared with those without dementia (45% vs 14%). Higher numbers of pathologic diagnoses were also associated with greater dementia severity. Participants with intermediate/high AD pathology alone were 3 times more likely to have dementia (odds ratio = 3.5), but those with single non-AD pathologies were 12 times more likely to have dementia (odds ratio = 12.4). When a second pathology was present, the likelihood of dementia increased 4-fold in those with intermediate/high AD pathology but did not change in those with non-AD pathologies, suggesting that pathologies may interrelate in different ways. CONCLUSIONS: In the oldest-old, the presence of multiple pathologies is associated with increased likelihood and severity of dementia. The effect of the individual pathologies may be additive or perhaps synergistic and requires further research. Multiple pathologies will need to be targeted to reduce the burden of dementia in the population.
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Having Alzheimer's brain changes plus brain changes of another type of dementia increases one's chances of having dementia symptoms in one's lifetime compared with having Alzheimer's brain changes alone.
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- Authors
- Kawas, C. H., Kim, R. C., Sonnen, J. A., Bullain, S. S., Trieu, T., & Corrada, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2015-08-11
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 535-542
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC4540246
- OpenAlex
- W1736375910
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 18.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P50 AG 16573, R01 AG21055, R01AG021055, P50AG016573, R01AG042444)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- dementia, oldest old, multiple pathologies, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Lewy body disease, hippocampal sclerosis, white matter disease, cerebral microinfarcts, dementia severity, autopsy findings
- MeSH terms
- Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Brain, Dementia, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Logistic Models
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