Nematostella vectensis achaete-scute homolog NvashA regulates embryonic ectodermal neurogenesis and represents an ancient component of the metazoan neural specification pathway
Open accessAbstract
achaete-scute homologs (ash) regulate neural development in all bilaterian model animals indicating that they represent a component of the ancestral neurogenic pathway. We test this by investigating four ash genes during development of a basal metazoan, the cnidarian sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Spatiotemporal expression of ash genes in the early embryo and larval stages suggests that they regulate neurogenesis. More specifically, NvashA is co-expressed with neural genes in the embryonic ectoderm. Knockdown of NvashA results in decreased expression of eight neural markers, including the six novel neural targets identified here. Conversely, overexpression of NvashA induces increased expression of all eight genes, but only within their normal axial domains. Overexpression of NvashB-D differentially increases expression of NvashA targets. The expression patterns and differential ability of ash genes to regulate neural gene expression reveals surprising molecular complexity in these ‘simple’ animals. These data suggest that achaete-scute homologs functioned in the ancestral metazoan neurogenic pathway and provide a foundation to investigate further the evolution of neurogenesis and the origin of complex central nervous systems.
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After specification of a cell as a neural progenitor, other downstream proneural genes finish the differentiation process of the progenitor into a neuron.
“After the specification of the cell as a neural progenitor, other downstream proneural genes finish the differentiation process of the progenitor into a neuron [41].”
From Evolution of eumetazoan nervous systems: insights from cnidarians (2015) · cites this paper as [41]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Layden, M. J., Boekhout, M., & Martindale, M. Q.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boekhout, Michiel
- Martindale, Mark Q.
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2012-03-01
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1013-1022
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- PMC
- PMC3274362
- OpenAlex
- W2087106852
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM093116)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F32HD055000)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- Nematostella vectensis, neural specification, gene knockdown and overexpression, neuronal gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Biological Evolution, Neurons, Sea Anemones, Biomarkers, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Body Patterning, Microarray Analysis, Neurogenesis, Achaete-Scute Complex Genome Region
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