Cited by 140Developmental Biology and Gene RegulationMarine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyWnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer

A Framework for the Establishment of a Cnidarian Gene Regulatory Network for “Endomesoderm” Specification: The Inputs of ß-Catenin/TCF Signaling

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Röttinger, Eric, Dahlin, Paul, Martindale, Mark Q.·2012·PLoS Genetics

Abstract

Understanding the functional relationship between intracellular factors and extracellular signals is required for reconstructing gene regulatory networks (GRN) involved in complex biological processes. One of the best-studied bilaterian GRNs describes endomesoderm specification and predicts that both mesoderm and endoderm arose from a common GRN early in animal evolution. Compelling molecular, genomic, developmental, and evolutionary evidence supports the hypothesis that the bifunctional gastrodermis of the cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor is derived from the same evolutionary precursor of both endodermal and mesodermal germ layers in all other triploblastic bilaterian animals. We have begun to establish the framework of a provisional cnidarian "endomesodermal" gene regulatory network in the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, by using a genome-wide microarray analysis on embryos in which the canonical Wnt/ß-catenin pathway was ectopically targeted for activation by two distinct pharmaceutical agents (lithium chloride and 1-azakenpaullone) to identify potential targets of endomesoderm specification. We characterized 51 endomesodermally expressed transcription factors and signaling molecule genes (including 18 newly identified) with fine-scale temporal (qPCR) and spatial (in situ) analysis to define distinct co-expression domains within the animal plate of the embryo and clustered genes based on their earliest zygotic expression. Finally, we determined the input of the canonical Wnt/ß-catenin pathway into the cnidarian endomesodermal GRN using morpholino and mRNA overexpression experiments to show that NvTcf/canonical Wnt signaling is required to pattern both the future endomesodermal and ectodermal domains prior to gastrulation, and that both BMP and FGF (but not Notch) pathways play important roles in germ layer specification in this animal. We show both evolutionary conserved as well as profound differences in endomesodermal GRN structure compared to bilaterians that may provide fundamental insight into how GRN subcircuits have been adopted, rewired, or co-opted in various animal lineages that give rise to specialized endomesodermal cell types.

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  • The earliest function of the canonical Wnt pathway (signalling through b-catenin) is specification of the endomesoderm.

    “While the posterior-anterior gradient of expression of Wnt ligands in larval and adult eumetazoans reflects the conserved role in axial patterning, the earliest function of the canonical Wnt pathway (signalling through b-catenin) is specification of the endomesoderm 19,51,52 .”

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  1. [3]Rodaway A, Patient R (2001) Mesendoderm. an ancient germ layer? Cell 105: 169– 172. 11336666
  2. [33]Technau U, Steele RE Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: Cnidaria. Development 138: 1447– 1458. PMC3062418 21389047
  3. [36]Byrum CA, Martindale QM (2003) Gastrulation in the Cnidara and Ctenophora. Gastrulation, From Cells to Embryo CSHL Press 33– 50.
  4. [38]Fautin DG, Mariscal R.N. (1991) Cnidaria: Anthozoa. New York: Wiley-Liss.
  5. [64]Cameron RA, Davidson EH (1997) LiCl perturbs ectodermal veg1 lineage allocations in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos. Dev Biol 187: 236– 239. 9242420

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Authors
Röttinger, E., Dahlin, P., & Martindale, M. Q.
Affiliations
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
Corresponding author
Martindale, Mark Q.
Venue
PLoS Genetics
Published
2012-12-27
Volume
8
Issue
12
Pages
e1003164
ISSN
  • 1553-7390 (ISSN-L)
  • 1553-7404
OpenAlex
W1989889624
Cited by
140
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9
FWCI
4.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PLoS Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM093116, #GM093116)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
Keywords
gene regulatory networks, endomesoderm specification, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Nematostella vectensis, germ layer specification, BMP signaling, FGF signaling, Notch signaling, transcription factors, zygotic gene expression, morpholino knockdown
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cnidaria, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Endoderm, Mesoderm, Sea Anemones, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Lithium Chloride, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cell Lineage, Evolution, Molecular, beta Catenin, Gene Regulatory Networks, Wnt Signaling Pathway

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