Exercise is muscle mitochondrial medicine

p53, guardian of the genome

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Fusion and fission: interlinked processes critical for mitochondrial health

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TFEB controls cellular lipid metabolism through a starvation-induced autoregulatory loop

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Mitochondrial Machineries for Protein Import and Assembly

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Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase increases mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle

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Activation of PPARγ Coactivator-1 Through Transcription Factor Docking

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Effect of age on <i>in vivo</i> rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle

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Mitophagy is triggered by mild oxidative stress in a mitochondrial fission dependent manner

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Mitochondrial reticulum for cellular energy distribution in muscle

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Mitochondrial function and apoptotic susceptibility in aging skeletal muscle

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Role of Cardiolipin in Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways

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Lysosomal glycogen storage disease with normal acid maltase

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Skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis during aging: Effects of calorie restriction and life-long exercise

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The impact of aging on mitochondrial function and biogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle of sedentary high- and low-functioning elderly individuals

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Parkin overexpression during aging reduces proteotoxicity, alters mitochondrial dynamics, and extends lifespan

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Exercise-Induced Ultrastructural Changes in Skeletal Muscle*

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Transcription Factor EB Controls Metabolic Flexibility during Exercise

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Properties of skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar regions

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Characterization of pre- and post-treatment pathology after enzyme replacement therapy for pompe disease

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Mitochondrial morphology, topology, and membrane interactions in skeletal muscle: a quantitative three-dimensional electron microscopy study

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Effect of denervation on mitochondrially mediated apoptosis in skeletal muscle.

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Skeletal muscle aging and the mitochondrion

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Endurance training and detraining in mitochondrial myopathies due to single large-scale mtDNA deletions

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Mitochondrial dysfunction induces muscle atrophy during prolonged inactivity: A review of the causes and effects

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Aerobic conditioning in patients with mitochondrial myopathies: Physiological, biochemical, and genetic effects

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Aerobic training is safe and improves exercise capacity in patients with mitochondrial myopathy

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Mitochondria, Muscle Health, and Exercise with Advancing Age

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Role of p53 in mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis in skeletal muscle

Saleem, A., Adhihetty, P. J., & Hood, D. A. (2008) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.90346.2008 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

PGC-1α modulates denervation-induced mitophagy in skeletal muscle

Vainshtein, A., Desjardins, E. M., Armani, A., Sandri, M., & Hood, D. A. (2015) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0033-y · Cited by 181 · see citing works

Mitochondrial reticulum in limb skeletal muscle

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Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in endurance-trained than in sedentary men

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Expression of mitochondrial fission and fusion regulatory proteins in skeletal muscle during chronic use and disuse

Iqbal, S., Ostojic, O., Singh, K., Joseph, A., & Hood, D. A. (2013) · Muscle &amp; Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.23838 · Cited by 169 · see citing works

Sirtuin 1-mediated Effects of Exercise and Resveratrol on Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Menzies, K. J., Singh, K., Saleem, A., & Hood, D. A. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.431155 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

Adaptive plasticity of autophagic proteins to denervation in aging skeletal muscle

O'Leary, M. F., Vainshtein, A., Iqbal, S., Ostojic, O., & Hood, D. A. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00240.2012 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

p38γ Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is a Key Regulator in Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Adaptation in Mice

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The molecular composition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore

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Gene shifting: a novel therapy for mitochondrial myopathy

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TFE3 regulates whole‐body energy metabolism in cooperation with TFEB

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Acute exercise induces tumour suppressor protein p53 translocation to the mitochondria and promotes a p53–Tfam–mitochondrial DNA complex in skeletal muscle

Saleem, A., & Hood, D. A. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.252791 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Immobilization-induced activation of key proteolytic systems in skeletal muscles is prevented by a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant

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Autophagy and mitophagy flux in young and aged skeletal muscle following chronic contractile activity

Carter, H. N., Kim, Y., Erlich, A. T., Zarrin‐khat, D., & Hood, D. A. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp275998 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Resveratrol Enhances Exercise-Induced Cellular and Functional Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle in Older Men and Women

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Role of Parkin and endurance training on mitochondrial turnover in skeletal muscle

Chen, C. C. W., Erlich, A. T., & Hood, D. A. (2018) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/s13395-018-0157-y · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Parkin overexpression protects from ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength

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Exercise training, but not resveratrol, improves metabolic and inflammatory status in skeletal muscle of aged men

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PGC-1α is required for training-induced prevention of age-associated decline in mitochondrial enzymes in mouse skeletal muscle

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Protective role of Parkin in skeletal muscle contractile and mitochondrial function

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Exercise induces TFEB expression and activity in skeletal muscle in a PGC-1α-dependent manner

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Parkin is required for exercise-induced mitophagy in muscle: Impact of aging

Chen, C. C. W., Erlich, A. T., Crilly, M. J., & Hood, D. A. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00391.2017 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Apoptosis and necrosis mediate skeletal muscle fiber loss in age-induced mitochondrial enzymatic abnormalities

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Aging impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic function

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Molecular basis for an attenuated mitochondrial adaptive plasticity in aged skeletal muscle

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Increased mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle improves aging phenotypes in the mtDNA mutator mouse

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Crosstalk between autophagy and oxidative stress regulates proteolysis in the diaphragm during mechanical ventilation

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Lifelong aerobic exercise protects against inflammaging and cancer

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Age-related changes in oxidative capacity differ between locomotory muscles and are associated with physical activity behavior

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Parkin Protects against Mitochondrial Toxins and β-Amyloid Accumulation in Skeletal Muscle Cells

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Age-related changes in the skeletal muscle cells.

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Effects of endurance training on a mitochondrial reticulum in limb skeletal muscle

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Endurance exercise attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction

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The effect of training on the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis- and apoptosis-related proteins in skeletal muscle of patients with mtDNA defects

Adhihetty, P. J., Taivassalo, T., Haller, R. G., Walkinshaw, D. R., & Hood, D. A. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2007 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Loss of mitochondrial energetics is associated with poor recovery of muscle function but not mass following disuse atrophy

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Impact of Lifelong Sedentary Behavior on Mitochondrial Function of Mice Skeletal Muscle

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Effect of denervation-induced muscle disuse on mitochondrial protein import

Singh, K., & Hood, D. A. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00181.2010 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle of the elderly

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An Exploratory Analysis of the Effects of a Weight Loss Plus Exercise Program on Cellular Quality Control Mechanisms in Older Overweight Women

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Exercise-induced mitophagy in skeletal muscle occurs in the absence of stabilization of Pink1 on mitochondria

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Reloading Functionally Ameliorates Disuse-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Similar Benefits Are Gained by Administering a Combination of Mitochondrial Nutrients

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Contractile activity attenuates autophagy suppression and reverses mitochondrial defects in skeletal muscle cells

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Depressed mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic remodeling in mouse tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius induced by 4‐week hindlimb unloading

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Increased SOD2 in the diaphragm contributes to exercise-induced protection against ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction

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Activation of the MEF2 transcription factor in skeletal muscles from myotonic mice

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Protective effects of exercise preconditioning on hindlimb unloading‐induced atrophy of rat soleus muscle

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Exercise preconditioning diminishes skeletal muscle atrophy after hindlimb suspension in mice

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Activation of the MEF2 transcription factor in skeletal muscles from myotonic mice

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Effect of prior chronic contractile activity on mitochondrial function and apoptotic protein expression in denervated muscle

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Effects of aerobic training on exercise-related oxidative stress in mitochondrial myopathies

Siciliano, G., Simoncini, C., Gerfo, A. L., Orsucci, D., Ricci, G., & Mancuso, M. (2012) · Neuromuscular Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2012.10.005 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Transcription Factor Tfe3 Directly Regulates Pgc‐1alpha in Muscle

Salma, N., Song, J. S., Arany, Z. P., & Fisher, D. E. (2015) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.24978 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Mechanisms of exercise-induced preconditioning in skeletal muscles

Powers, S. K., Bomkamp, M. P., Ozdemir, M., & Hyatt, H. W. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101462 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Effect of contractile activity on PGC-1α transcription in young and aged skeletal muscle.

Carter, H. N., Pauly, M., Tryon, L. D., & Hood, D. (2018) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01110.2017 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Regulation of autophagic and mitophagic flux during chronic contractile activity-induced muscle adaptations

Kim, Y., Triolo, M., Erlich, A. T., & Hood, D. A. (2018) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-018-2225-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Effect of age on the processing and import of matrix-destined mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle

Huang, J. H., Joseph, A.-M., Ljubicic, V., Iqbal, S., & Hood, D. A. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp201 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

The Role of p53 in Determining Mitochondrial Adaptations to Endurance Training in Skeletal Muscle

Beyfuss, K. A., Erlich, A. T., Triolo, M., & Hood, D. A. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32887-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Effect of denervation on the regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression in skeletal muscle

Tryon, L. D., Crilly, M. J., & Hood, D. A. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00266.2014 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

The effects of chronic muscle use and disuse on cardiolipin metabolism

Ostojić, O., O′Leary, M. F. N., Singh, K., Menzies, K. J., Vainshtein, A., & Hood, D. A. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01312.2012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Aerobic training as an adjunctive therapy to enzyme replacement in Pompe disease

Nilsson, M. I., Samjoo, I. A., Hettinga, B. P., Koeberl, D. D., Zhang, H., Hawke, T. J., Nissar, A. A., Ali, T., Brandt, L., Ansari, M. U., et al. (2012) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Combined aerobic exercise and enzyme replacement therapy rejuvenates the mitochondrial–lysosomal axis and alleviates autophagic blockage in Pompe disease

Nilsson, M. I., MacNeil, L., Kitaoka, Y., Suri, R. S., Young, S. P., Kaczor, J. J., Nates, N., Ansari, M. U., Wong, T. W. Y., Ahktar, M. A., et al. (2015) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.019 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Cytoskeletal regulation of mitochondrial movements in myoblasts

Iqbal, S., & Hood, D. A. (2014) · Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.21188 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Aerobic Exercise Training in Patients With mtDNA-Related Mitochondrial Myopathy

Jeppesen, T. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00349 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Skeletal Muscle Fibre-Specific Knockout of p53 Does Not Reduce Mitochondrial Content or Enzyme Activity

Stocks, B., Dent, J. R., Joanisse, S., McCurdy, C. E., & Philp, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00941 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Coordinated regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic plasticity during recovery from disuse

Kneppers, A. E. M., Leermakers, P. A., Pansters, N. A. M., Backx, E. M. P., Gosker, H. R., van Loon, L. J. C., Schols, A. M. W. J., LANGEN, R. C. J., & Verdijk, L. B. (2018) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201701403rrr · Cited by 18 · see citing works

The Muscle-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Role of Mitochondria in Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection

Burtscher, J., Millet, G. P., Place, N., Kayser, B., & Zanou, N. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22126479 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is a Common Denominator Linking Skeletal Muscle Wasting Due to Disease, Aging, and Prolonged Inactivity

Hyatt, H. W., & Powers, S. K. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10040588 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Disentangling Mitochondria in Alzheimer’s Disease

Johri, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111520 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells

Zhang, X., Englund, D. A., Aversa, Z., Jachim, S. K., White, T. A., & LeBrasseur, N. K. (2022) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000302 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Harnessing tissue-derived mitochondria-rich extracellular vesicles (Ti-mitoEVs) to boost mitochondrial biogenesis for regenerative medicine

Lou, P., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, C., Liu, S., Wan, M., Lu, Y., & Liu, J. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adt1318 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Impact of high‐intensity interval training with or without l ‐citrulline on physical performance, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in obese older adults

Marcangeli, V., Youssef, L., Dulac, M., Carvalho, L. P., Hajj‐Boutros, G., Reynaud, O., Guegan, B., Buckinx, F., Gaudreau, P., Morais, J. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12955 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Mitochondrial involvement in sarcopenia

Affourtit, C., & Carré, J. E. (2024) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.14107 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Impact of Exercise and Aging on Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle: Roles of ROS and Epigenetics

Li, J., Wang, Z., Li, C., Song, Y., Wang, Y., Hai, B., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11132086 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Clinical and Biological Adaptations in Obese Older Adults Following 12-Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training

Youssef, L., Granet, J., Marcangeli, V., Dulac, M., Hajj-Boutros, G., Reynaud, O., Buckinx, F., Gaudreau, P., Morais, J., Mauriège, P., et al. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10071346 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

A multimodal exercise countermeasure prevents the negative impact of head‐down tilt bed rest on muscle volume and mitochondrial health in older adults

Dulac, M., Hajj‐Boutros, G., Sonjak, V., Faust, A., Hussain, S. N. A., Chevalier, S., Dionne, I. J., Morais, J. A., & Gouspillou, G. (2024) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp285897 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Disease: The Fort Fell

PARASKEVAIDIS, I. A., Kourek, C., Farmakis, D. T., & Tsougos, E. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14121534 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Passive heat stress induces mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle

Marchant, E. D., Nelson, W. B., Hyldahl, R. D., Gifford, J. R., & Hancock, C. R. (2023) · International Journal of Hyperthermia · doi:10.1080/02656736.2023.2205066 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Energizing Mitochondria to Prevent Mobility Loss in Aging: Rationale and Hypotheses

Tian, Q., Lee, P. R., Walker, K. A., & Ferrucci, L. (2023) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000315 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Localized Heat Therapy Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity but Not Fatty Acid Oxidation

Marchant, E. D., Kaluhiokalani, J. P., Wallace, T. E., Ahmadi, M., Dorff, A., Linde, J. J., Leach, O. K., Hyldahl, R. D., Gifford, J. R., & Hancock, C. R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158500 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Prolonged Endurance Exercise Adaptations Counteract Doxorubicin Chemotherapy-Induced Myotoxicity in Mice

Kwon, I., Go, G., Lee, Y., & Kim, J.-H. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12073652 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Bridging the gap: Integrating exercise mimicry into chronic disease management through suppressing chronic inflammation

Nasb, M., Li, F., Dayoub, L., Wu, T., Wei, M., & Chen, N. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.034 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Diet, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Vascular Endothelial Damage, and the Microbiome: Drivers of Ocular Degenerative and Inflammatory Diseases

Phillips, R. (2025) · Ophthalmology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40123-025-01160-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Influence of exercise prescription intervention based on WeChat on glycolipid metabolism and fitness of suboptimal-health teachers

Duan, Y., Li, S., Su, Q., Xu, S., & Lu, G. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000038167 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Ginseng in exercise training and injury recovery: Composition, mechanism of action, dosage recommendations, and safety analysis

Zhang, Q., Shang, L., Wang, Y. (., Bai, X., Zhang, Z., & Zhang, W. (2026) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2026.03.002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Effects of Age on Exercise Metabolism

Hinkley, J. M., Coen, P. M., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2022) · Physiology in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9_14

Endurance Training Restores Ageing-Impaired Lysosomal Biogenesis Factors in Rest and Response to Acute Exercise in Rat Skeletal MusclePreprint

Rajabi, H., Askari, B., & Clarke, D. C. (2025) · Qeios · doi:10.1101/2025.01.28.635321

Athletes looking for a competitive edge may find it within their gut microbiome

Damman, C. J. (2024) · doi:10.64628/aai.snqptwpgm

Mitochondrial quality control in health and disease: Updates 2026

Liu, Z., Hu, W., Sun, L., & 刘华锋 (2026) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000004169 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Targeting fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells in aging muscle: Exercise regulation and strategies to enhance regeneration and repair

Alway, S. E., & Rajasingh, J. (2026) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2026.07.005

The Role of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling

Sangha, J., & Hood, D. A. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16081218

Exercise is mitochondrial medicine for muscle

Oliveira, A. N., & Hood, D. A. (2019) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2019.08.008 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Exercise-mediated regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in aging muscle: implications for mitochondrial diseases

Zhang, C., Zheng, X., Xiang, L., & Su, Z. (2025) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-025-05441-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Skeletal muscle mitochondria: A major player in exercise, health and disease

Russell, A. P., Foletta, V. C., Snow, R. J., & Wadley, G. D. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.016 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

Exercise Training, Mitochondrial Adaptations, and Aging

Cheema, N., Triolo, M., & Hood, D. A. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003123835-27

Wie Sport unseren Stoffwechsel und somit gesundes Altern beeinflusst

Bäzner, F., & Sprenger, H. (2025) · BIOspektrum · doi:10.1007/s12268-025-2431-y