Cited by 108Autophagy in Disease and TherapyMuscle Physiology and DisordersAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

Parkin is required for exercise-induced mitophagy in muscle: Impact of aging

Chen, Chris Chin Wah, Erlich, Avigail T., Crilly, Matthew J., Hood, David A.·2018·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

Abstract

The maintenance of muscle health with advancing age is dependent on mitochondrial homeostasis. While reductions in mitochondrial biogenesis have been observed with age, less is known regarding organelle degradation. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in mitophagy, but few studies have examined Parkin’s contribution to mitochondrial turnover in muscle. Wild-type (WT) and Parkin knockout (KO) mice were used to delineate a role for Parkin-mediated mitochondrial degradation in aged muscle, in concurrence with exercise. Aged animals exhibited declines in muscle mass and mitochondrial content, paralleled by a nuclear environment endorsing the transcriptional repression of mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitophagic signaling was enhanced following acute endurance exercise in young WT mice but was abolished in the absence of Parkin. Basal mitophagy flux of the autophagosomal protein lipidated microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 was augmented in aged animals but did not increase additionally with exercise when compared with young animals. In the absence of Parkin, exercise increased the nuclear localization of Parkin-interacting substrate, corresponding to a decrease in nuclear peroxisome proliferator gamma coactivator-1α. Remarkably, exercise enhanced mitochondrial ubiquitination in both young WT and KO animals. This suggested compensation of alternative ubiquitin ligases that were, however, unable to restore the diminished exercise-induced mitophagy in KO mice. Under basal conditions, we demonstrated that Parkin was required for mitochondrial mitofusin-2 ubiquitination. We also observed an abrogation of exercise-induced mitophagy in aged muscle. Our results demonstrate that acute exercise-induced mitophagy is dependent on Parkin and attenuated with age, which likely contributes to changes in mitochondrial content and quality in aging muscle.

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Crossref · 10.1152/ajpendo.00391.2017

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  • Mitophagy-related proteins are decreased in the skeletal muscle of old rodents, although conflicting data exist.

    “Although conflicting data exist [54,145,146,147], several studies reported that mitophagy-related proteins are decreased in the skeletal muscle of old rodents [46,120,148,149,150,151,152].”
  • Muscles of Parkin-deficient mice display impaired mitochondrial energetics.

    “We and others have reported that muscles of Parkin-deficient mice display several aging-like features, including contractile dysfunction [154] and impaired mitochondrial energetics [147,153,154,155].”
  • In the majority of studies that reported an increase in Parkin content in aged muscles, mitophagy was also reported to be impaired or insufficient in aged skeletal muscles.

    “Importantly, the majority of studies that reported an increase in Parkin content in aged muscles also reported that mitophagy was impaired/insufficient in aged skeletal muscles [145,146,147].”
  • Muscles from Parkin-deficient mice display lower mitophagy flux in response to acute exercise and endurance training.

    “For instance, it has been reported that muscles from Parkin-deficient mice display lower mitophagy flux in response to acute exercise [147] and endurance training [153].”
  • Under conditions of stress, injury or aging, mitochondrial kinase PINK1 gathers outside the membrane of dysfunctional mitochondria and translocates them into it selectively by phosphorylating and recruiting Parkin, and then ubiquitinates outer mitochondrial membrane proteins such as Mfn1/2 and Drp1 to participate in mitophagy.

    “Under the conditions of stress, injury or aging, mitochondrial kinase PINK1 can gather outside the membrane of dysfunctional mitochondria and translocate them into it selectively by phosphorylating and recruiting Parkin, and then ubiquitinate outer mitochondrial membrane proteins such as mitochondrial fusion key proteins Mfn1/2 and fission key protein Drp1 to participate in mitophagy [48].”

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Authors
Chen, C. C. W., Erlich, A. T., Crilly, M. J., & Hood, D. A.
Affiliations
York University (CA)
Corresponding author
Hood, David A.
Venue
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Published
2018-09-01
Volume
315
Issue
3
Pages
E404-E415
ISSN
  • 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1555
OpenAlex
W2807114871
Cited by
108
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5
FWCI
8.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada)
  • Canada Research Chairs (Chaires de recherche du Canada)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords
Parkin, mitophagy, physical activity, muscle aging, mitochondrial homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α, mitofusin 2, mitochondrial ubiquitination, E3 ubiquitin ligase, skeletal muscle, autophagy
MeSH terms
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Aging, Animals, Electron Transport Complex IV, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria, Muscle, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Repressor Proteins, Mice, Knockout, Muscle, Skeletal, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Mice, Ubiquitination, Mitophagy

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