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Exercise Training Modulates Gut Microbiota Profile and Improves Endotoxemia
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Intestinal metabolism and microbiota profiles are impaired in obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, dysbiotic gut microbiota has been suggested to promote systemic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance through the release of endotoxins particularly lipopolysaccharides. We have previously shown that exercise training improves intestinal metabolism in healthy men. To understand whether changes in intestinal metabolism interact with gut microbiota and its release of inflammatory markers, we studied the effects of sprint interval (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intestinal metabolism and microbiota in subjects with insulin resistance. Methods: Twenty-six, sedentary subjects (prediabetic, n = 9; type 2 diabetes, n = 17; age, 49 [SD, 4] yr; body mass index, 30.5 [SD, 3]) were randomized into SIT or MICT. Intestinal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and fatty acid uptake (FAU) from circulation were measured using positron emission tomography. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum inflammatory markers with multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. Results: V˙O 2peak improved only after SIT ( P = 0.01). Both training modes reduced systematic and intestinal inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide binding protein) (time P < 0.05). Training modified microbiota profile by increasing Bacteroidetes phylum (time P = 0.03) and decreasing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (time P = 0.04). Moreover, there was a decrease in Clostridium genus (time P = 0.04) and Blautia (time P = 0.051). Only MICT decreased jejunal FAU ( P = 0.02). Training had no significant effect on intestinal GU. Colonic GU associated positively with Bacteroidetes and inversely with Firmicutes phylum, ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and Blautia genus. Conclusions: Intestinal substrate uptake associates with gut microbiota composition and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Exercise training improves gut microbiota profiles and reduces endotoxemia.
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“lower abundance of Blautia genus was associated with better whole-body insulin sensitivity.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Bacteroidetes increased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“both high intensity interval and moderate continuous training affected the gut microbiota in insulin resistant, sedentary individuals following a 2-week exercise intervention [109].”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“There was also a decrease in Clostridium and Blautia genera.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
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“These results highlight the importance of intestinal substrate uptake on the whole-body and changes, especially in glucose uptake, might have a positive effect on the gut microbiota.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“colonic glucose concentrations associated positively with Bacteroidetes and inversely with Firmicutes phylum, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and Blautia genus.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
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Metadata
- Authors
- MOTIANI, K. K., COLLADO, M. C., ESKELINEN, J.-J., VIRTANEN, K. A., LÖYTTYNIEMI, E., SALMINEN, S., NUUTILA, P., KALLIOKOSKI, K. K., & HANNUKAINEN, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Turku University Hospital (FI)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2019-08-19
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 94-104
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0315
- PMC
- PMC7028471
- OpenAlex
- W2969245839
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 8.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- exercise training, gut microbiota, endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, sprint interval training, moderate-intensity continuous training, intestinal glucose absorption, fatty acid uptake, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, Blautia, Clostridium, low-grade inflammation, intestinal metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein, Acute-Phase Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Middle Aged, Obesity, Oxygen Consumption, Prediabetic State, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Body Mass Index, Endotoxemia, Physical Conditioning, Human
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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