Recurrent Concussion and Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players

GUSKIEWICZ, KEVIN M.; MARSHALL, STEPHEN W.; BAILES, JULIAN; MCCREA, MICHAEL; HARDING, HERNDON P.; MATTHEWS, AMY; MIHALIK, JOHNA REGISTER; CANTU, ROBERT C.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180383da5

Cited by 928Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchSports injuries and preventionSport Psychology and Performance

Recurrent Concussion and Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players

GUSKIEWICZ, KEVIN M., MARSHALL, STEPHEN W., BAILES, JULIAN, MCCREA, MICHAEL, HARDING, HERNDON P., MATTHEWS, AMY, MIHALIK, JOHNA REGISTER, CANTU, ROBERT C.·2007·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

DOI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180383da5

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between prior head injury and the likelihood of being diagnosed with clinical depression among retired professional football players with prior head injury exposure. METHODS: A general health questionnaire, including information about prior injuries, the SF-36 (Short Form 36), and other markers for depression, was completed by 2552 retired professional football players with an average age of 53.8 (+/-13.4) yr and an average professional football-playing career of 6.6 (+/-3.6) yr. A second questionnaire focusing on mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-related issues was completed by a subset of 758 retired professional football players (50 yr and older). RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-nine (11.1%) of all respondents reported having prior or current diagnosis of clinical depression. There was an association between recurrent concussion and diagnosis of lifetime depression (chi2=71.21, df=2, P<0.005), suggesting that the prevalence increases with increasing concussion history. Compared with retired players with no history of concussion, retired players reporting three or more previous concussions (24.4%) were three times more likely to be diagnosed with depression; those with a history of one or two previous concussions (36.3%) were 1.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with depression. The analyses controlled for age, number of years since retirement, number of years played, physical component score on the SF-36, and diagnosed comorbidities such as osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a possible link between recurrent sport-related concussion and increased risk of clinical depression. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding potential neurological consequences of recurrent concussion.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180383da5

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The severity of depressive symptoms following concussion is strongly correlated with global disability, rate of recovery, and quality of life.
“The severity of depressive symptoms following concussion is strongly correlated with global disability, rate of recovery, and quality of life (4, 10, 11).”
From Adaptive trial for the treatment of depressive symptoms associated with concussion using accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (ADEPT): rationale, design and methods (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
The survey of retired professional football players conducted by Guskiewicz and colleagues found that athletes who experienced three or more concussions had a threefold increase in diagnosed depression.
“The survey of retired professional football players conducted by Guskiewicz and colleagues found that athletes who experienced three or more concussions had a threefold increase in diagnosed depression [78].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [78]

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment
Petersen, R. C., Doody, R., Kurz, A., Mohs, R. C., Morris, J. C., Rabins, P. V., Ritchie, K., Rossor, M., Thal, L., & Winblad, B. (2001) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.58.12.1985 · Cited by 4,781 · see citing works
Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review) [RETIRED]: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
Petersen, R. C., Stevens, J. C., Ganguli, M., Tangalos, E. G., Cummings, J. L., & DeKosky, S. T. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.9.1133 · Cited by 2,065 · see citing works
Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study
Lyketsos, C. G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Breitner, J., & DeKosky, S. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1475 · Cited by 2,049 · see citing works
Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression
Sheline, Y. I., Wang, P. W., Gado, M. H., Csernansky, J. G., & Vannier, M. W. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.3908 · Cited by 1,932 · see citing works
Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
Guskiewicz, K. M., McCrea, M., Marshall, S. W., Cantu, R. C., Randolph, C., Barr, W., Onate, J. A., & Kelly, J. P. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.19.2549 · Cited by 1,712 · see citing works
Self-citation
Depression Duration But Not Age Predicts Hippocampal Volume Loss in Medically Healthy Women with Recurrent Major Depression
Sheline, Y. I., Sanghavi, M., Mintun, M. A., & Gado, M. H. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-12-05034.1999 · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
Association between Recurrent Concussion and Late-Life Cognitive Impairment in Retired Professional Football Players
Guskiewicz, K. M., Marshall, S. W., Bailes, J. E., McCrea, M., Cantu, R. C., RANDOLPH, C. C., & Jordan, B. D. (2005) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/neurosurgery/57.4.719 · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association between recurrent concussion and late-life cognitive impairment in retired professional football players
Guskiewicz, K. M., Marshall, S. W., Bailes, J., McCrea, M., Cantu, R. C., Randolph, C., & Jordan, B. D. (2005) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000175725.75780.dd · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works
Self-citation
Depressive Symptoms and Physical Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Penninx, B. W. J. H. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.21.1720 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms and the Cost of Health Services in HMO Patients Aged 65 Years and Older: A 4-Year Prospective Study
Unützer, J. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540440052032 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury
Iverson, G. L. (2005) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000165601.29047.ae · Cited by 694 · see citing works
INTRACEREBRAL HÆMORRHAGE
Hayward, R. D., & OʼReilly, G. V. (1976) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92904-4 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Depressed Mood and the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly Living in the Community
Devanand, D. P. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830020093011 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Psychosocial and emotional sequelae of individuals with traumatic brain injury: a literature review and recommendations
Morton, M. V., & Wehman, P. (1995) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699059509004574 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
The prevalence and symptom rates of depression after traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive examination
Kreutzer, J. S., Seel, R. T., & Gourley, E. (2001) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050010009108 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
On the nature and pattern of neurocognitive function in major depressive disorder.
Zakzanis, K. K., Leach, L., & Kaplan, E. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Persistent pain and depression: A biopsychosocial perspective
Campbell, L. C., Clauw, D. J., & Keefe, F. J. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00545-6 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
The Temporal Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Dementia
Chen, P., Ganguli, M., Mulsant, B. H., & DeKosky, S. T. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.3.261 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Depression after traumatic brain injury: A National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Model Systems multicenter investigation
Seel, R. T., Kreutzer, J. S., Rosenthal, M., Hammond, F. M., Corrigan, J. D., & Black, K. L. (2003) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/apmr.2003.50106 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Prevalence, onset, and risk of psychiatric disorders in men with chronic low back pain: A controlled study
Atkinson, H. J., Slater, M. A., Patterson, T. L., Grant, I., & Garfin, S. R. (1991) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(91)90175-w · Cited by 313 · see citing works
SEQUELÆ OF CONCUSSION CAUSED BY MINOR HEAD INJURIES
Rutherford, W. H., Merrett, J. D., & Mcdonali, J. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91649-x · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Cognitive function in depression: a distinct pattern of frontal impairment in melancholia?
Austin, M., Mitchell, P. B., Wilhelm, K. A., Parker, G. B., Hickie, I. B., Brodaty, H., CHAN, J., Eyers, K., MILIC, M., & Hadži-Pavlović, D. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798007788 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Depression in patients with acute traumatic brain injury
Fedoroff, J. P., STARKSTEIN, S. E., Forrester, A. W., Geisler, F. H., Jorge, R. E., Arndt, S. V., & Robinson, R. G. (1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.7.918 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Head Injury in Early Adulthood and the Lifetime Risk of Depression
Holsinger, T., Steffens, D. C., Phillips, C., Helms, M. J., Havlik, R. J., Breitner, J. C. S., Guralnik, J. M., & Plassman, B. L. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.1.17 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Depression following traumatic brain injury: a 1 year longitudinal study
Jorge, R. E., Robinson, R. G., Arndt, S. V., STARKSTEIN, S. E., Forrester, A. W., & Geisler, F. H. (1993) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90047-n · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Neural associations of the frontal cortex.
Nauta, W. J. H. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Anatomic evaluation of the orbitofrontal cortex in major depressive disorder
Lacerda, A. L. T., Keshavan, M. S., Hardan, A. Y., Yorbık, Ö., Brambilla, P., Sassi, R. B., Nicoletti, M., Mallinger, A. G., Frank, E., Kupfer, D. J., et al. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.08.021 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Reduced Volume of Limbic System–Affiliated Basal Ganglia in Mood Disorders: Preliminary Data From a Postmortem Study
Baumann, B., Danos, P., Krell, D., Diekmann, S., Leschinger, A., Stauch, R., Wurthmann, C., Bernstein, H.-G., & Bogerts, B. (1999) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.11.1.71 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Diagnosis of Mild Head Injury and the Postconcussion Syndrome
Mittenberg, W., & Strauman, S. (2000) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00001199-200004000-00003 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
An analysis of memory dysfunction in major depression
Ilsley, J., Moffoot, A. P. R., & O’Carroll, R. E. (1995) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(95)00032-i · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Memory Complaint, Memory Performance, and Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Community Study
Bassett, S. S., & Folstein, M. F. (1993) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198879300600207 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Prevalence and Covariates of Subjective Forgetfulness in a Normal Population in the Netherlands
Ponds, R., Commissaris, K., & JOLLES, J. (1997) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/mvq1-wb58-875h-y4x0 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Role of 5-HT2A receptors in the stress-induced down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rat hippocampus
Vaidya, V. A., Terwilliger, R. Z., & Duman, R. S. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00006-3 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Health-Related Quality of Life and Healthcare Utilisation in Patients with Parkinson??s Disease
Dodel, R. C., Berger, K., & Oertel, W. H. (2001) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-200119100-00004 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric correlates of persistent postconcussive syndrome
ALEXANDER, M. P. (1992) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00001199-199206000-00009 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Environmental risk factors of young onset Parkinson's disease: a case-control study
Tsai, C. H., Lo, S. K., See, L., Chen, H. Z., Chen, R., Weng, Y.-H., Chang, F., & Lu, C. (2002) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/s0303-8467(02)00027-6 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Retrograde Amnesia in Dementia: Comparison of HIV-Associated Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, and Huntington's Disease.
Sadek, J. R., Johnson, S. A., White, D. A., Salmon, D. P., Taylor, K. I., DeLaPena, J., Paulsen, J. S., Heaton, R. K., & Grant, I. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.4.692 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Parkinson's syndrome after closed head injury: a single case report
Doder, M., Jahanshahi, M., Turjanski, N., MOSELEY, I. F., & Lees, A. J. (1999) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.66.3.380 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Prevalence and Incidence of Major Depressive Disorder in Alzheimer’s Disease: Findings from Two Databases
Weiner, M., Doody, R. S., Sairam, R., Foster, B., & Liao, T.-Y. (2001) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000048627 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvořák, J., Echemendía, R. J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K., Kutcher, J. S., Raftery, M., et al. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092313 · Cited by 2,580 · see citing works
Self-citation
Consensus statement on Concussion in Sport – The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvořák, J., Echemendía, R. J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K., Kutcher, J., Raftery, M., et al. (2013) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.002 · Cited by 2,133 · see citing works
Self-citation
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: concussion in sport
Harmon, K. G., Drezner, J. A., Gammons, M. R., Guskiewicz, K. M., Halstead, M., Herring, S. A., Kutcher, J. S., Pana, A., Putukian, M., & Roberts, W. O. (2012) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091941 · Cited by 1,433 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)
Reardon, C. L., Hainline, B., Aron, C. M., Baron, D., Baum, A. L., Bindra, A., Budgett, R., Campriani, N., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Currie, A., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715 · Cited by 1,277 · see citing works
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Sport Concussion
Broglio, S. P., Cantu, R. C., Gioia, G. A., Guskiewicz, K. M., Kutcher, J. S., Palm, M., & McLeod, T. C. V. (2014) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.07 · Cited by 1,112 · see citing works
Self-citation
Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport—The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich, November 2012
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, R. C., Dvořák, J., Echemendía, R. J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K. M., Kutcher, J. S., Raftery, M., et al. (2013) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.02.012 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Self-citation
The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury
McKee, A. C., & Daneshvar, D. H. (2015) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52892-6.00004-0 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport—the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich, November 2012
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvořák, J., Echemendía, R. J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K., Kutcher, J. S., Raftery, M., et al. (2013) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e31828b67cf · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport: The 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich, November 2008
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Johnston, K., Dvořák, J., Aubry, M., Molloy, M., & Cantu, R. C. (2009) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-44.4.434 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Self-citation
A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion.
Manley, G., Gardner, A. J., Schneider, K. J., Guskiewicz, K. M., Bailes, J., Cantu, R. C., Castellani, R. J., Turner, M., Jordan, B. D., Randolph, C., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097791 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Self-citation
Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking for young elite athletes: a qualitative study
Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., & Christensen, H. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-157 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players
Montenigro, P., Alosco, M., Martin, B. M., Daneshvar, D., Mez, J., Chaisson, C. E., Nowinski, C., Au, R., Mckee, A., Cantu, R., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4413 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citation
Role of subconcussion in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Bailes, J. E., Petraglia, A. L., Omalu, B. I., Nauman, E. A., & Talavage, T. M. (2013) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2013.7.jns121822 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Self-citation
International society of sport psychology position stand: Athletes’ mental health, performance, and development
Schinke, R. J., Stambulova, N. B., Si, G., & Moore, Z. E. (2017) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2017.1295557 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
The molecular pathophysiology of concussive brain injury
Barkhoudarian, G., Hovda, D. A., & Giza, C. C. (2011) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2010.09.001 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement on concussion in sport
Harmon, K. G., Clugston, J. R., Dec, K. L., Hainline, B. W., Herring, S. A., Kane, S. F., Kontos, A. P., Leddy, J. J., McCrea, M., Poddar, S. K., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100338 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Self-citation
Knowledge, Attitude, and Concussion-Reporting Behaviors Among High School Athletes: A Preliminary Study
Register‐Mihalik, J. K., Guskiewicz, K. M., McLeod, T. C. V., Linnan, L. A., Mueller, F. O., & Marshall, S. W. (2013) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.20 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Self-citation
Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport: the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Johnston, K., Dvorak, J., Aubry, M., Molloy, M. J., & Cantu, R. C. (2009) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.058248 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: A meta-analysis
Perry, D. C., Sturm, V. E., Peterson, M. J., Pieper, C. F., Bullock, T., Boeve, B. F., Miller, B. L., Guskiewicz, K. M., Berger, M. S., Kramer, J. H., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2015.2.jns14503 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Self-citation
Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport: The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Zurich, November 2012
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, R. C., Dvořák, J., Echemendía, R. J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K., Kutcher, J. S., Raftery, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.4.05 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Self-citation
The neuropathology of sport
McKee, A. C., Daneshvar, D. H., Alvarez, V. E., & Stein, T. D. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1230-6 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome
Bigler, E. D. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561770808017x · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model
Tagge, C. A., Fisher, A. M., Minaeva, O. V., Gaudreau, A., Moncaster, J. A., Zhang, X.-L., Wojnarowicz, M. W., Casey, N. F., Lu, H., Kokiko‐Cochran, O. N., et al. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx350 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Self-citation
A review of post-concussion syndrome and psychological factors associated with concussion
Broshek, D. K., De Marco, A. P., & Freeman, J. R. (2015) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.974674 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Wearable sensors for monitoring the internal and external workload of the athlete
Seshadri, D. R., Li, R. T., Voos, J. E., Rowbottom, J. R., Alfes, C. M., Zorman, C. A., & Drummond, C. K. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0149-2 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Psychology and socioculture affect injury risk, response, and recovery in high-intensity athletes: a consensus statement
Wiese‐Bjornstal, D. M. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01195.x · Cited by 346 · see citing works
The psychological response to injury in student athletes: a narrative review with a focus on mental health
Putukian, M. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095586 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
A National Study on the Effects of Concussion in Collegiate Athletes and US Military Service Academy Members: The NCAA–DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium Structure and Methods
Broglio, S. P., McCrea, M., McAllister, T. W., Harezlak, J., Katz, B. P., Hack, D. C., & Hainline, B. W. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0707-1 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citation
Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich, November 2008
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Johnston, K., Dvořák, J., Aubry, M., Molloy, M., & Cantu, R. C. (2009) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e3181a501db · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citation
A mouse model of human repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Kane, M. J., Angoa‐Pérez, M., Briggs, D. I., Viano, D. C., Kreipke, C. W., & Kuhn, D. M. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.09.003 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement
Harmon, K. G., Drezner, J. A., Gammons, M. R., Guskiewicz, K. M., Halstead, M., Herring, S., Kutcher, J., Pana, A., Putukian, M., & Roberts, W. O. (2012) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e31827f5f93 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuroimaging of Cognitive Dysfunction and Depression in Aging Retired National Football League Players: A Cross-sectional Study
Hart, J., Kraut, M. A., Womack, K. B., Strain, J., Didehbani, N., Bartz, E., Conover, H., Mansinghani, S., Lu, H., & Cullum, C. M. (2013) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/2013.jamaneurol.340 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
The King–Devick test and sports-related concussion: Study of a rapid visual screening tool in a collegiate cohort
Galetta, K. M., Brandes, L. E., Maki, K., Dziemianowicz, M. S., Laudano, E., Allen, M. S., Lawler, K. A., Sennett, B. J., Wiebe, D. J., Devick, S., et al. (2011) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.039 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study on the White Matter Skeleton in Individuals with Sports-Related Concussion
Cubon, V. A., Putukian, M., Boyer, C., & Dettwiler, A. (2011) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1430 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Mouse Model Produces Learning and Memory Deficits Accompanied by Histological Changes
Mouzon, B., Chaytow, H., Crynen, G. C., Bachmeier, C. J., Stewart, J., MULLAN, M. J., Stewart, W. B., Jr., & Crawford, F. (2012) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2498 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Development of the STAR Evaluation System for Football Helmets: Integrating Player Head Impact Exposure and Risk of Concussion
Rowson, S., & Duma, S. M. (2011) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-011-0322-5 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Long-Term Consequences: Effects on Normal Development Profile After Concussion
Daneshvar, D. H., Riley, D., Nowinski, C. J., McKee, A. C., Stern, R. A., & Cantu, R. C. (2011) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2011.08.009 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citation
Natural History of Concussion in Sport
Makdissi, M., Darby, D., Maruff, P. T., Ugoni, A. M., Brukner, P. D., & McCrory, P. R. (2010) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546509349491 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Nine-year risk of depression diagnosis increases with increasing self-reported concussions in retired professional football players
Kerr, Z. Y., Marshall, S. W., Harding, H. P., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2012) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546512456193 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citation
Age of first exposure to football and later-life cognitive impairment in former NFL players
Stamm, J. M., Bourlas, A. P., Baugh, C. M., Fritts, N. G., Daneshvar, D. H., Martin, B. M., McClean, M. D., Tripodis, Y., & Stern, R. A. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001358 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Biomechanical Properties of Concussions in High School Football
Broglio, S. P., Schnebel, B., Sosnoff, J. J., Shin, S., Feng, X., He, X., & Zimmerman, J. P. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181dd9156 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder in returning veterans: Perspectives from cognitive neuroscience
Vasterling, J. J., Verfaellie, M. H., & Sullivan, K. D. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.004 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Risk factors for sports concussion: an evidence-based systematic review
Abrahams, S., Fie, S. M., Patricios, J., Posthumus, M., & September, A. V. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092734 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Motivations associated with non-disclosure of self-reported concussions in former collegiate athletes
Kerr, Z., Register-Mihalik, J., Kroshus, E., Baugh, C. M., & Marshall, S. (2015) · American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546515612082 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citation
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in a National Football League Player
Omalu, B. I., Hamilton, R. L., Kamboh, M. I., DeKosky, S. T., & Bailes, J. E. (2010) · Journal of Forensic Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1939-3938.2009.01064.x · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citation
Use of Graded Exercise Testing in Concussion and Return-to-Activity Management
Leddy, J. J., & Willer, B. S. (2013) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000008 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Depression and Neurocognitive Performance After Concussion Among Male and Female High School and Collegiate Athletes
Kontos, A. P., Covassin, T., Elbin, R. J., & Parker, T. M. (2012) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.03.032 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Cumulative Head Impact Burden in High School Football
Broglio, S. P., Eckner, J. T., Martini, D. N., Sosnoff, J. J., Kutcher, J. S., & RANDOLPH, C. C. (2011) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2011.1825 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Disclosure and non-disclosure of concussion and concussion symptoms in athletes: Review and application of the socio-ecological framework
Kerr, Z. Y., Register‐Mihalik, J. K., Marshall, S. W., Evenson, K. R., Mihalik, J. P., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2014) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.904049 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citation
Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussions in High School Athletes: National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION), 2011-2012 Through 2013-2014.
O'Connor, K., Baker, M. M., Dalton, S. L., Dompier, T. P., Broglio, S., & Kerr, Z. (2017) · Journal of athletic training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-52.1.15 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms in high-performance athletes and non-athletes: a comparative meta-analysis
Gorczynski, P. F., Coyle, M., & Gibson, K. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096455 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation and brain atrophy in former NFL players: An in vivo multimodal imaging pilot study
Coughlin, J. M., Wang, Y., Munro, C. A., Ma, S., Chen, Y., Chen, S., Airan, R. D., Kim, P. K., Adams, A. V., Garcia, C., et al. (2014) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.019 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome
Leddy, J. J., Sandhu, H., Sodhi, V., Baker, J. G., & Willer, B. S. (2012) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738111433673 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport – The 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich, November 2008
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Johnston, K., Dvořák, J., Aubry, M., Molloy, M., & Cantu, R. C. (2009) · PM&R · doi:10.3810/psm.2009.06.1721 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citation
Concussion Increases Odds of Sustaining a Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury After Return to Play Among Collegiate Athletes
Brooks, M. A., Peterson, K., Biese, K. M., Sanfilippo, J. L., Heiderscheit, B. C., & Bell, D. R. (2016) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546515622387 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
PET Scanning of Brain Tau in Retired National Football League Players: Preliminary Findings
Small, G. W., Kepe, V., Siddarth, P., Ercoli, L. M., Merrill, D. A., Donoghue, N., Bookheimer, S. Y., Martinez, J., Omalu, B. I., Bailes, J. E., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.11.019 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of Neck Muscle Strength and Anticipatory Cervical Muscle Activation on the Kinematic Response of the Head to Impulsive Loads
Eckner, J. T., Oh, Y. K., Joshi, M. S., Richardson, J. K., & Ashton‐Miller, J. A. (2014) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546513517869 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The Spectrum of Neurobehavioral Sequelae after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Novel Mouse Model of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Petraglia, A. L., Plog, B. A., Dayawansa, S., Chen, M. J., Dashnaw, M. L., Czerniecka, K. H., Walker, C. T., Viterise, T., Hyrien, O., Iliff, J. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3255 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Sport-Related Concussion and Mental Health Outcomes in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review
Rice, S., Parker, A. G., Rosenbaum, S., Bailey, A. P., Mawren, D., & Purcell, R. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0810-3 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Active-Duty Marines
Yurgil, K. A., Barkauskas, D. A., Vasterling, J. J., Nievergelt, C. M., Larson, G. E., Schork, N. J., Litz, B. T., Nash, W. P., & Baker, D. G. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.3080 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Head Injuries Focusing on Concussions in Team Contact Sports: A Systematic Review
Prien, A., Grafe, A., Rößler, R., Junge, A., & Verhagen, E. A. L. M. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0854-4 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Suicides and Parasuicides in Professional American Athletes
Omalu, B. I., Bailes, J. E., Hammers, J., & Fitzsimmons, R. P. (2010) · American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology · doi:10.1097/paf.0b013e3181ca7f35 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measuring Head Kinematics in Football: Correlation Between the Head Impact Telemetry System and Hybrid III Headform
Beckwith, J. G., Greenwald, R. M., & Chu, J. J. (2011) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-011-0422-2 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
The Molecular Pathophysiology of Concussive Brain Injury – an Update
Barkhoudarian, G., Hovda, D. A., & Giza, C. C. (2016) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2016.01.003 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Age of first exposure to American football and long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes
Alosco, M. L., Kasimis, A. B., Stamm, J. M., Chua, A. S., Baugh, C. M., Daneshvar, D. H., Robbins, C. A., Mariani, M. L., Hayden, J., Conneely, S. E., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.197 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neurological consequences of traumatic brain injuries in sports
Ling, H., Hardy, J., & Zetterberg, H. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.012 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Regulatory and autoregulatory physiological dysfunction as a primary characteristic of post concussion syndrome: Implications for treatment
Leddy, J. J., Kozlowski, K. F., Fung, M., Pendergast, D. R., & Willer, B. S. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-2007-22306 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Concussion Incidence and Trends in 20 High School Sports
Kerr, Z. Y., Chandran, A. S., Nedimyer, A. K., Arakkal, A. T., Pierpoint, L. A., & Zuckerman, S. L. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2180 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion
Ellis, M. J., Ritchie, L. J., Koltek, M., Hosain, S., Cordingley, D. M., Chu, S., Selci, E., Leiter, J., & Russell, K. F. (2015) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2015.5.peds15220 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Using theory to understand high school aged athletes’ intentions to report sport-related concussion: Implications for concussion education initiatives
Register‐Mihalik, J. K., Linnan, L. A., Marshall, S. W., McLeod, T. C. V., Mueller, F. O., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2013) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2013.775508 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citation
Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury
Mainwaring, L. M., Hutchison, M. G., Bisschop, S. M., Comper, P., & Richards, D. W. (2010) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699051003610508 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in sport: a systematic review
Gardner, A. J., Iverson, G. L., & McCrory, P. R. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092646 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The Chronic Effects of Concussion on Gait
Martini, D. N., Sabin, M. J., DePesa, S. A., Leal, E. W. P. S., Negrete, T. N., Sosnoff, J. J., & Broglio, S. P. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.11.029 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Age at First Exposure to Football Is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players
Stamm, J. M., Koerte, I. K., Muehlmann, M., Pasternak, O., Bourlas, A. P., Baugh, C. M., Giwerc, M., Zhu, A., Coleman, M. J., Sylvain Bouix, A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3822 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citation
Early Indicators of Enduring Symptoms in High School Athletes With Multiple Previous Concussions
Philip Schatz, A., Moser, R. S., Covassin, T., & Karpf, R. (2011) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0b013e31820e382e · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Consensus statement on concussion in sport – The 3rd International Conference on concussion in sport, held in Zurich, November 2008
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Johnston, K., Dvořák, J., Aubry, M., Molloy, M. J., & Cantu, R. C. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2009.02.002 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citation
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement on Concussion in Sport
Harmon, K. G., Clugston, J. R., Dec, K., Hainline, B., Herring, S. A., Kane, S., Kontos, A. P., Leddy, J. J., McCrea, M. A., Poddar, S. K., et al. (2019) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000720 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citation
Head Impact Exposure Sustained by Football Players on Days of Diagnosed Concussion
Beckwith, J. G., Greenwald, R. M., Chu, J. J., Crisco, J. J., Rowson, S., Duma, S. M., Broglio, S. P., McAllister, T. W., Guskiewicz, K. M., Mihalik, J. P., et al. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182792ed7 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citation
Repeated Mild Lateral Fluid Percussion Brain Injury in the Rat Causes Cumulative Long-Term Behavioral Impairments, Neuroinflammation, and Cortical Loss in an Animal Model of Repeated Concussion
Shultz, S. R., Bao, F., Omana, V. N., Chiu, C., Brown, A. M., & Cain, D. P. (2011) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2123 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings in adult civilian, military, and sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): a systematic critical review
Asken, B. M., DeKosky, S. T., Clugston, J. R., Jaffee, M. S., & Bauer, R. M. (2017) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9708-9 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
A review of neuroimaging findings in repetitive brain trauma
Koerte, I. K., Lin, A. P., Willems, A., Muehlmann, M., Hufschmidt, J., Coleman, M. J., Green, I., Liao, H., Tate, D. F., Wilde, E. A., et al. (2015) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12249 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Previous Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Postural-Control Dynamics
Sosnoff, J. J., Broglio, S. P., Shin, S., & Ferrara, M. S. (2011) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-46.1.85 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Screening for Traumatic Brain Injury
Dams-O’Connor, K., Cantor, J. B., Brown, M., Dijkers, M. P. J. M., Spielman, L. A., & Gordon, W. A. (2014) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000099 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The difficult concussion patient: what is the best approach to investigation and management of persistent (>10 days) postconcussive symptoms?
Makdissi, M., Cantu, R. C., Johnston, K. M., McCrory, P. R., & Meeuwisse, W. H. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092255 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence of Diagnosed Depression in Adolescents With History of Concussion
Chrisman, S. P. D., & Richardson, L. P. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.006 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Advances in Sport Concussion Assessment: From Behavioral to Brain Imaging Measures
Dave Ellemberg, A., Henry, L. C., Macciocchi, S. N., Guskiewicz, K. M., & Broglio, S. P. (2009) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2009.0906 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citation
The pathophysiology underlying repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in a novel mouse model of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
Petraglia, A., Plog, B., Dayawansa, S., Dashnaw, M., Czerniecka, K., Walker, C., Chen, M., Hyrien, O., Iliff, J., Deane, R., et al. (2014) · Surgical Neurology International · doi:10.4103/2152-7806.147566 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Adding Vision to Concussion Testing
Galetta, K. M., Morganroth, J., Moehringer, N., Mueller, B. R., Hasanaj, L., Webb, N., Civitano, C., Cardone, D. A., Silverio, A., Galetta, S. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/wno.0000000000000226 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms and Concussions in Aging Retired NFL Players
Didehbani, N., Munro Cullum, C., Mansinghani, S., Conover, H., & Hart, J. (2013) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/act028 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
What is the evidence for chronic concussion-related changes in retired athletes: behavioural, pathological and clinical outcomes?
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Kutcher, J. S., Jordan, B. D., & Gardner, A. J. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092248 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Men, Mental Health and Elite Sport: a Narrative Review
Souter, G., Lewis, R., & Serrant, L. (2018) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-018-0175-7 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Spectrum of acute clinical characteristics of diagnosed concussions in college athletes wearing instrumented helmets
Duhaime, A., Beckwith, J. G., Maerlender, A., McAllister, T. W., Crisco, J. J., Duma, S. M., Brolinson, P. G., Rowson, S., Flashman, L. A., Chu, J. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2012.8.jns112298 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Predictors and Prevalence of Postconcussion Depression Symptoms in Collegiate Athletes
Vargas, G., Rabinowitz, A. R., Meyer, J. E., & Arnett, P. A. (2015) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-50.3.02 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Sports-Related Concussions in Youth
Institute of Medicine and National Research Council (2014) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/18377 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of mild traumatic brain injury
Mayer, A. R., Bellgowan, P. S. F., & Hanlon, F. M. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.016 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Residual Effects of Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Kontos, A. P., Kotwal, R. S., Elbin, R. J., Lutz, R. H., Forsten, R. D., Benson, P., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2506 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citation
Investigating baseline neurocognitive performance between male and female athletes with a history of multiple concussion
Covassin, T., Elbin, R., Kontos, A. P., & Larson, E. (2010) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.193797 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
A Comparison of Cognitive Function in Former Rugby Union Players Compared with Former Non-Contact-Sport Players and the Impact of Concussion History
Hume, P. A., Theadom, A., Lewis, G. N., Quarrie, K. L., Brown, S. R., Hill, R., & Marshall, S. W. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0608-8 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of Playing High School Football With Cognition and Mental Health Later in Life
Deshpande, S. K., Hasegawa, R., Rabinowitz, A. R., Whyte, J., Roan, C., Tabatabaei, A., Baiocchi, M., Karlawish, J., Master, C. L., & Small, D. S. (2017) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1317 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Systematic Review of Prognosis and Return to Play After Sport Concussion: Results of the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis
Cancelliere, C., Hincapié, C. A., Keightley, M., Godbolt, A. K., Côté, P., Kristman, V. L., Stålnacke, B., Carroll, L., Hung, R., Borg, J., et al. (2014) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.035 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

RECURRENT SPORT-RELATED CONCUSSION LINKED TO CLINICAL DEPRESSION
Guskiewicz, K. M., Bailes, J. E., Cantu, R. C., & Marshall, S. W. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200305001-00277 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Nine-year risk of depression diagnosis increases with increasing self-reported concussions in retired professional football players
Kerr, Z. Y., Marshall, S. W., Harding, H. P., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2012) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546512456193 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citation
Recurrent Concussions Increase the Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players
Thompson, S. R. (2012) · JBJS Orthopaedic Highlights Sports Medicine · doi:10.2106/jbjs.sm.l.00452
Depression Following Concussion in Retired Professional Football Players
Thomson, R., Carabello, D., Mansell, J. L., & Russ, A. C. (2019) · International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training · doi:10.1123/ijatt.2019-0028 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms and Concussions in Aging Retired NFL Players
Didehbani, N., Munro Cullum, C., Mansinghani, S., Conover, H., & Hart, J. (2013) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/act028 · Cited by 150 · see citing works

Authors: GUSKIEWICZ, K. M., MARSHALL, S. W., BAILES, J., MCCREA, M., HARDING, H. P., MATTHEWS, A., MIHALIK, J. R., & CANTU, R. C.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
West Virginia University (US)
Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
Florida State University (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
ORCID: GUSKIEWICZ, KEVIN M.
MARSHALL, STEPHEN W.
BAILES, JULIAN
MCCREA, MICHAEL
CANTU, ROBERT C.
Venue: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2007-06
Volume: 39
Issue: 6
Pages: 903-909
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180383da5
OpenAlex: W2123674272
Cited by: 928
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 81 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 42
FWCI: 17.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Keywords: recurrent concussion, sports-related concussion, major depressive disorder, traumatic brain injury, mild cognitive impairment, depression risk
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Brain Concussion, Depression, Football, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retirement, United States, Risk Assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Recurrent Concussion and Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks