The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lead User Analyses for the Development of New Industrial Products
Abstract
Recently, a “lead user” concept has been proposed for new product development in fields subject to rapid change (von Hippel [von Hippel, E. 1986. Lead users: A source of novel product concepts. Management Sci. 32 791–805.]). In this paper we integrate market research within this lead user methodology and report a test of it in the rapidly evolving field of computer-aided systems for the design of printed circuit boards (PC-CAD). In the test, lead users were successfully identified and proved to have unique and useful data regarding both new product needs and solutions responsive to those needs. New product concepts generated on the basis of lead user data were found to be strongly preferred by a representative sample of PC-CAD users. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of this first empirical test of the lead user methodology, and suggest directions for future research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Given that many studies of innovation have found that a key source for innovations are lead users, we include a variable reflecting the use of lead users in innovation (Rothwell et al., 1974;Urban and von Hippel, 1988;von Hippel, 1988).”
From Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms (2006) · cites this paper as Urban and von Hippel, 1988
Citations
Cites
Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203710753-35 · Cited by 37,670
Schmookler, J. (1966) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674432833 · Cited by 3,131
Torgerson, W. S. (1958) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,920
Design and marketing of new products
Urban, G. L., & Hauser, J. R. (1980) · Cited by 1,138
Self-citationThe dominant role of users in the scientific instrument innovation process
von Hippel, E. (1993) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(93)90044-i · Cited by 879
SAPPHO updated — project SAPPHO phase II
Rothwell, R., Freeman, C., Horsley, A., Jervis, V. T. P., Robertson, A. B., & Townsend, J. A. (1993) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(93)90057-o · Cited by 743
Economics of Technological Change.
Newbery, D., & Mansfield, E. (1970) · Economica · doi:10.2307/2551983 · Cited by 624
Pre-Test-Market Evaluation of New Packaged Goods: A Model and Measurement Methodology
Silk, A. J., & Urban, G. L. (1978) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224377801500201 · Cited by 425
Self-citationModeling Multiattribute Utility, Risk, and Belief Dynamics for New Consumer Durable Brand Choice
Roberts, J., & Urban, G. L. (1988) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.34.2.167 · Cited by 311
Self-citationMeasuring Influence in Organizational Purchase Decisions
Silk, A. J., & Kalwani, M. U. (1982) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151617 · Cited by 199
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2006) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.507 · Cited by 6,324
Interpretive Barriers to Successful Product Innovation in Large Firms
Dougherty, D. J. (1992) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.3.2.179 · Cited by 2,773
PDMA Research on New Product Development Practices: Updating Trends and Benchmarking Best Practices
Griffin, A. (1997) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/1540-5885.1460429 · Cited by 1,489
Poetz, M. K., & Schreier, M. (2012) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00893.x · Cited by 1,241
Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation
Baldwin, C. Y., & von Hippel, E. (2010) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0618 · Cited by 1,318
Diversity of eco-innovations: Reflections from selected case studies
Carrillo-Hermosilla, J., del Río, P., & Könnölä, T. (2010) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.02.014 · Cited by 1,070
Jeppesen, L. B., & Frederiksen, L. (2006) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0156 · Cited by 1,008
Performance Assessment of the Lead User Idea-Generation Process for New Product Development
Lilien, G. L., Morrison, P., Searls, K., Sonnack, M., & von Hippel, E. (2002) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.48.8.1042.171 · Cited by 989
Darwinians, Communitarians, and Missionaries: The Role of Founder Identity in Entrepreneurship
Fauchart, E., & Gruber, M. B. (2011) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2009.0211 · Cited by 1,002
Users as Innovators: A Review, Critique, and Future Research Directions
Bogers, M. L. A. M., Afuah, A. N., & Bastian, B. L. (2010) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206309353944 · Cited by 892
Toolkits for idea competitions: a novel method to integrate users in new product development
Piller, F. T., & Walcher, D. (2006) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00432.x · Cited by 822
Democratizing innovation: The evolving phenomenon of user innovation
von Hippel, E. (2005) · Journal für Betriebswirtschaft · doi:10.1007/s11301-004-0002-8 · Cited by 3,329
The accidental entrepreneur: the emergent and collective process of user entrepreneurship
Shah, S. S., & Tripsas, M. (2007) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.15 · Cited by 799
Harhoff, D., Henkel, J., & von Hippel, E. (2003) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(03)00061-1 · Cited by 772
Finding Commercially Attractive User Innovations: A Test of Lead‐User Theory*
Franke, N., von Hippel, E., & Schreier, M. (2006) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00203.x · Cited by 812
Does Customer Interaction Enhance New Product Success?
Gruner, K. E., & Homburg, C. (2000) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(99)00013-2 · Cited by 743
Herstatt, C., & von Hippel, E. (1992) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/1540-5885.930213 · Cited by 714
Co-creating brands: Diagnosing and designing the relationship experience
Payne, A., Storbacka, K., Frow, P., & Knox, S. D. (2008) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.013 · Cited by 748
External knowledge sources, green innovation and performance
Arfi, W. B., Hikkerova, L., & Sahut, J. (2017) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2017.09.017 · Cited by 730
Thinking about technology: Applying a cognitive lens to technical change
Kaplan, S., & Tripsas, M. (2008) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.02.002 · Cited by 661
van Kleef, E., van Trijp, H. V., & Luning, P. (2005) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2004.05.012 · Cited by 668
Linking Customer Interaction and Innovation: The Mediating Role of New Organizational Practices
Foss, N. J., Laursen, K., & Pedersen, T. (2010) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0584 · Cited by 635
How user innovations become commercial products: A theoretical investigation and case study
Baldwin, C. Y., Hienerth, C., & von Hippel, E. (2006) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.012 · Cited by 623
Determinants of User Innovation and Innovation Sharing in a Local Market
Morrison, P., Roberts, J. H., & von Hippel, E. (2000) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.46.12.1513.12076 · Cited by 614
The Psychological Effects of Empowerment Strategies on Consumers’ Product Demand
Fuchs, C., Prandelli, E., & Schreier, M. (2009) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.74.1.65 · Cited by 611
Customer Empowerment in New Product Development*
Fuchs, C., & Schreier, M. (2010) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00778.x · Cited by 587
Horizontal innovation networks--by and for users
von Hippel, E. (2007) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtm005 · Cited by 565
Innovation creation by online basketball communities
Füller, J., Jawecki, G., & Mühlbacher, H. (2006) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.09.019 · Cited by 565
Dahan, E., & Hauser, J. R. (2002) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1016/s0737-6782(02)00151-0 · Cited by 528
Kaulio, M. A. (1998) · Total Quality Management · doi:10.1080/0954412989333 · Cited by 483
Füller, J., Bartl, M., Ernst, H., & Mühlbacher, H. (2006) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-006-5988-7 · Cited by 486
The Lead User method: an outline of empirical findings and issues for future research
Lüthje, C., & Herstatt, C. (2004) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2004.00362.x · Cited by 482
Lettl, C. U., Herstatt, C., & Gemuenden, H. G. (2006) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00431.x · Cited by 465
Democratizing innovation: The evolving phenomenon of user innovation
von Hippel, E. (2009) · International Journal of Innovation Science · doi:10.1260/175722209787951224 · Cited by 459
Optimizing the Stage-Gate Process: What Best-Practice Companies Do—I
Cooper, R. G., Edgett, S. J., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2002) · Research-Technology Management · doi:10.1080/08956308.2002.11671518 · Cited by 459
Organizational Mechanisms for Enhancing User Innovation in Information Technology1
Nambisan, S., Agarwal, R., & Tanniru, M. R. (1999) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249468 · Cited by 452
Future trends and consumer lifestyles with regard to meat consumption
Grunert, K. G. (2006) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.04.016 · Cited by 440
The fairyland of Second Life: Virtual social worlds and how to use them
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2009) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.07.002 · Cited by 442
Managing User Involvement in Service Innovation
Magnusson, P., Matthing, J., & Kristensson, P. (2003) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670503257028 · Cited by 393
Lüthje, C. (2000) · tub.dok (Hamburg University of Technology) · doi:10.15480/882.97 · Cited by 391
Characteristics of innovating users in a consumer goods field
Lüthje, C. (2003) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/s0166-4972(02)00150-5 · Cited by 385
The Idea Itself and the Circumstances of Its Emergence as Predictors of New Product Success
Goldenberg, J., Lehmann, D. R., & Mazursky, D. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88079-7_5 · Cited by 381
An Exploratory Study on Drivers and Deterrents of Collaborative Consumption in Travel
Tussyadiah, I. P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_59 · Cited by 377
Mengüç, B., Auh, S., & Yannopoulos, P. (2013) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12097 · Cited by 379
The nature of lead users and measurement of leading edge status
Morrison, P., Roberts, J. H., & Midgley, D. F. (2003) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2003.09.007 · Cited by 352
When customers get clever: Managerial approaches to dealing with creative consumers
Berthon, P. R., PITT, L. F., McCarthy, I. P., & Kates, S. (2006) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2006.05.005 · Cited by 41
Acheampong, R. A., & Cugurullo, F. (2019) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2019.01.009 · Cited by 373
Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative InnovationPreprint
Baldwin, C. Y., & von Hippel, E. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1502864 · Cited by 341
A Survey of Major Approaches for Accelerating New Product Development
Millson, M. R., Raj, S. P., & Wilemon, D. L. (1992) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1016/0737-6782(92)90061-g · Cited by 329
Users as service innovators: The case of banking services
Oliveira, P., & von Hippel, E. (2011) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.03.009 · Cited by 332
Marketing's Limited Role in New Product Development in One Computer Systems Firm
Workman, J. P. (1993) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224379303000402 · Cited by 329
Greer, C. R., & Lei, D. T. (2011) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00310.x · Cited by 343
The Core and Cosmopolitans: A Relational View of Innovation in User Communities
Dahlander, L., & Frederiksen, L. (2011) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0673 · Cited by 333
Memo to Marketers: Quantitative Evidence for Change
Christodoulides, G., Jevons, C., & Bonhomme, J. (2012) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.2501/jar-52-1-053-064 · Cited by 370
Benefits of and barriers to involving users in medical device technology development and evaluation
Shah, S. G. S., & Robinson, I. (2007) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462307051677 · Cited by 299
User involvement competence for radical innovation
Lettl, C. U. (2007) · Journal of Engineering and Technology Management · doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2007.01.004 · Cited by 311
Using users: When does external knowledge enhance corporate product innovation?
Chatterji, A., & Fabrizio, K. R. (2013) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2168 · Cited by 323
Laursen, K. (2012) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dts025 · Cited by 306
Limits to the diffusion of innovation
MacVaugh, J. A., & Schiavone, F. (2010) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/14601061011040258 · Cited by 348
The Bright Side and Dark Side of Embedded Ties in Business-to-Business Innovation
Noordhoff, C., Kyriakopoulos, K., Moorman, C., Pauwels, P., & Dellaert, B. G. C. (2011) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.75.5.34 · Cited by 320
Extending Lead‐User Theory: Antecedents and Consequences of Consumers' Lead Userness *
Schreier, M., & Prügl, R. (2008) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00305.x · Cited by 335
O’Hern, M. S., & Rindfleisch, A. (2010) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1548-6435(2009)0000006008 · Cited by 326
Knowledge Management in the Learning Society
OECD (2000) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/9789264181045-en · Cited by 305
Methods and tools for corporate knowledge management
Dieng, R., Corby, O., Giboin, A., & Ribière, M. (1999) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1006/ijhc.1999.0281 · Cited by 279
Innovation and the evolution of industries
Malerba, F. (2005) · Journal of Evolutionary Economics · doi:10.1007/s00191-005-0005-1 · Cited by 274
Bilgram, V., Brem, A., & Voigt, K. (2008) · International Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1142/s1363919608002096 · Cited by 257
Technological trajectories as moderators of firm-level determinants of innovation
Souitaris, V. (2002) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(01)00154-8 · Cited by 257
Managing the Risk of Customer Integration
Enkel, E., Kausch, C., & Gassmann, O. (2005) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2005.02.005 · Cited by 269
Olson, E. L., & Bakke, G. (2001) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1016/s0737-6782(01)00111-4 · Cited by 240
Edvardsson, B., Kristensson, P., Magnusson, P., & Sundström, E. (2011) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2011.04.006 · Cited by 256
Technological interweavement: a means of achieving innovation success
Gemünden, H. G., Heydebreck, P., & Herden, R. (1992) · R&D Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1992.tb01206.x · Cited by 240
Innovation Culture, Collaboration with External Partners and NPD Performance
Brettel, M., & Cleven, N. J. (2011) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2011.00617.x · Cited by 261
Kitchell, S. (1995) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070395233004 · Cited by 239
Franke, N., Keinz, P., & Klausberger, K. (2012) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1120.0794 · Cited by 242
Managing New Product Definition in Highly Dynamic Environments
Bhattacharya, S., Krishnan, V., & Mahajan, V. (1998) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.44.11.s50 · Cited by 225
The Neglected King: The Customer in the New Knowledge Ecology of Innovation
Grabher, G., Ibert, O., & Flohr, S. (2008) · Economic Geography · doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2008.tb00365.x · Cited by 224
Exploring the Nature and Implementation Process of User-Centric Business Models
Hienerth, C., Keinz, P., & Lettl, C. (2011) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2011.09.009 · Cited by 223
Customer preference discontinuities: a trigger for radical technological change
Tripsas, M. (2007) · Managerial and Decision Economics · doi:10.1002/mde.1389 · Cited by 210
Toward a Parsimonious Definition of Traditional and Electronic Mass Customization
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2006) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00190.x · Cited by 212
van der Boor, P., Oliveira, P., & Veloso, F. M. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.05.003 · Cited by 209
Integrating Customer Requirements into Product Designs
Bailetti, A. J., & Litva, P. F. (1995) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1016/0737-6782(94)00021-7 · Cited by 208
Horizontal Innovation Networks - By and For UsersPreprint
von Hippel, E. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1411719 · Cited by 208
Hienerth, C., Lettl, C. U., & Keinz, P. (2013) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12127 · Cited by 208
Technology Innovation Management Review
McPhee, C., & Bailetti, T. (2012) · Cited by 208
Learning from leading-edge customers at The Sims: opening up the innovation process using toolkits
Prügl, R., & Schreier, M. (2006) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00433.x · Cited by 210
Schreier, M., Oberhauser, S., & Prügl, R. (2007) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11002-006-9009-3 · Cited by 203
Creativity in Product Innovation
Goldenberg, J., & Mazursky, D. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511674464 · Cited by 201
Forms of knowledge and eco-innovation modes: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms
Marzucchi, A., & Montresor, S. (2016) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.032 · Cited by 217
Digital transformation of mental health services
Bond, R. R., Mulvenna, M. D., Potts, C., O’Neill, S., Ennis, E., & Torous, J. (2023) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-023-00033-y · Cited by 199
O’Hern, M. S., & Rindfleisch, A. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315088754-4 · Cited by 202
Mobile shopping: a classification framework and literature review
Groß, M. (2015) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-06-2013-0119 · Cited by 198
Enkel, E., Perez-freije, J., & Gassmann, O. (2005) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2005.00362.x · Cited by 182
Shane, S. A., & Ulrich, K. T. (2004) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1040.0204 · Cited by 242
Oo, P. P., Allison, T. H., Sahaym, A., & Juasrikul, S. (2018) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.08.005 · Cited by 178
Factors affecting late adoption of digital innovations
Jahanmir, S. F., & Cavadas, J. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.058 · Cited by 177
Welfare Implications of User Innovation
Henkel, J., & von Hippel, E. (2005) · Essays in Honor of Edwin Mansfield · doi:10.1007/0-387-25022-0_5 · Cited by 174
A Typology of Customer Co-Creation in the Innovation ProcessPreprint
Piller, F. T., Ihl, C., & Vossen, A. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1732127 · Cited by 176
Innovation and the dynamics and evolution of industries: Progress and challenges
Malerba, F. (2006) · International Journal of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1016/j.ijindorg.2006.07.005 · Cited by 173
Fostering sustainability by linking co-creation and relationship management concepts
Arnold, M. G. (2015) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.059 · Cited by 198
The Use of Visual Mental Imagery in New Product Design
Dahl, D. W., Chattopadhyay, A., & Gorn, G. J. (1999) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151912 · Cited by 256
Metadata
- Authors
- Urban, G. L., & von Hippel, E.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- von Hippel, Eric
- Venue
- Management Science
- Published
- 1988-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 569-582
- ISSN
- 0025-1909 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5501
- OpenAlex
- W2129604246
- Cited by
- 1,125
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 9.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Management Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Open Source Software Innovations
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Service and Product Innovation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Product Development and Customization
- Keywords
- lead users, new product development, market analysis, printed circuit board design, computer-aided design, product concept generation, user preferences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review