The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognition and Renewal: Comparing CEO and Organizational Effects on Incumbent Adaptation to Technical Change
Abstract
We investigate the conditions under which managerial cognition affects the timing of incumbent entry into a radical new technological market. We address this question using a longitudinal study of communications technology firms entering the fiber-optics product market. Using a hazard rate model, we investigate the relevance of cognition based on the direction of CEO attention. We find that attention toward the emerging technology and the affected industry is associated with faster entry, and attention to existing technologies is associated with slower progress. Second, we assess the extent to which the effect of cognition is dependent upon the levels of relevant organizational factors and find that CEO attention to the emerging technology may amplify the effects of industry orientation. Managerial cognition is important in understanding organizational outcomes, and considering both the direction of cognition and its interaction with organizational factors provides a more nuanced view of entry behavior. These results contribute to the literatures on incumbent response to technical change and new product development by suggesting that context-specific managerial cognition has a separate and important influence on the degree and direction of strategic renewal. We argue that managerial cognition is therefore a dynamic managerial capability that can shape adaptation by established firms.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Moreover, fast-paced technological advancements provide late entrants with the possibility of using superior technology to design products that outperform those of early entrants (Eggers and Kaplan 2009).”
From Smart Timing for Smart Products? Complementor Multihoming in Nascent Platform Markets (2026) · cites this paper as Eggers and Kaplan 2009
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage
Barney, J. (1991) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639101700108 · Cited by 48,334
Technological paradigms and technological trajectories
Dosi, G. (1982) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(82)90016-6 · Cited by 6,685
Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development
Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250131009 · Cited by 6,477
Accelerating Adaptive Processes: Product Innovation in the Global Computer Industry
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Tabrizi, B. N. (1995) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393701 · Cited by 2,426 · cited 2×
“Most attempts to understand dynamic capabilities have operated at the organizational level of analysis ( Eisenhardt and Tabrizi 1995, Hill and Rothaermel 2003), but Adner and Helfat (2003, p. 1012) argued recently that they should be understood at the”
BackgroundCognitive change, strategic action, and organizational renewal
Barr, P. S., Stimpert, J. L., & Huff, A. S. (1992) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250131004 · Cited by 1,290
Top executive commitment to the status quo: Some tests of its determinants
Hambrick, D. C., Geletkanycz, M. A., & Fredrickson, J. W. (1993) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250140602 · Cited by 1,058 · cited 1×
“Given the rapidly changing nature of the market and the fact that attention can shift over time (Hambrick et al. 1993), we sought a measure that would capture more directly time-varying attention to issues.”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 105
- 10.2307/256674 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.1090.0423 · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.331 · DOI
- 10.1111/1467-6451.00136 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.1090.0424 · DOI
- 10.2307/2393511 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/orsc.9.6.644 · DOI
- 10.2307/3094913 · DOI
- 10.2307/2392616 · DOI
- 10.2307/2393919 · DOI
- Bray R. C., 1997, Hewlett Packard J., 48, 1
- 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00004-5 · DOI
- 10.2307/3094808 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.1050.0145 · DOI
- Caves R. E., 1984, Amer. Econom. Rev., 74, 127
- 10.1002/smj.4250120104 · DOI
- 10.1177/014920639702300101 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.1060.0192 · DOI
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199603)17:3<197::AID-SMJ804>3.0.CO;2-U · DOI
- 10.1287/mnsc.44.12.S207 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.7.2.103 · DOI
- 10.1111/1467-6451.00067 · DOI
- 10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1123::AID-SMJ130>3.0.CO;2-R · DOI
- 10.2307/2393553 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1257/000282803321455197 · DOI
- 10.5465/amr.1984.4277657 · DOI
- 10.1287/mnsc.35.12.1504 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/orsc.5.2.200 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00061-0 · DOI
- 10.1177/1094428106289252 · DOI
- 10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID-SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E · DOI
- 10.2307/256691 · DOI
- 10.1016/0048-7333(92)90001-K · DOI
- 10.2307/3152066 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.1050.0140 · DOI
- 10.2307/2666981 · DOI
- Gilbert R., 1982, Amer. Econom. Rev., 72, 54
- 10.2307/2393985 · DOI
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199810)19:10<967::AID-SMJ981>3.0.CO;2-L · DOI
- 10.2307/3440244 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.1090.0421 · DOI
- 10.4159/9780674038288 · DOI
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199705)18:5<339::AID-SMJ883>3.0.CO;2-7 · DOI
- 10.2307/2555761 · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.4250150906 · DOI
- 10.5465/amr.2003.9416161 · DOI
- Huff A. S., 2000, When Firms Change Direction
- 10.1016/S0166-4972(00)00037-7 · DOI
- Jaffe A. B., 2002, Patents, Citations, and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy, 10.7551/mitpress/5263.001.0001 · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.320 · DOI
- Kaplan S. Framing the future: Cognitive frames, strategic choice and firm response to the fiber-optic revolution. (2004) . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, MIT Sloan School, Cambridge, MA
- 10.5465/amr.2008.33665141 · DOI
- 10.1093/icc/12.2.203 · DOI
- 10.2307/3069433 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/2392530 · DOI
- 10.1287/mnsc.48.2.171.253 · DOI
- 10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<997::AID-SMJ134>3.0.CO;2-O · DOI
- 10.2307/1251866 · DOI
- 10.1177/002194369202900101 · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.554 · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.4250090713 · DOI
- Lant T., 2001, Organizational Cognition: Computation and Interpretation
- 10.5465/AMR.2006.19379629 · DOI
- 10.1287/mnsc.43.7.934 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1146/annurev.so.14.080188.001535 · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.4250090706 · DOI
- 10.1108/eb039016 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00037-1 · DOI
- 10.2307/3069340 · DOI
- 10.2307/2393492 · DOI
- 10.2307/2989896 · DOI
- 10.1177/002224299005400403 · DOI
- Nelson R. R., 1982, An Evolutionary Theory of the Economic Change
- 10.1002/smj.417 · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.4250090303 · DOI
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199707)18:1+<187::AID-SMJ936>3.0.CO;2-K · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.166 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.7.1.22 · DOI
- Reinganum J. F., 1983, Amer. Econom. Rev., 73, 741
- Roberts C. W., 1997, Text Analysis for the Social Sciences, 275
- 10.1016/0048-7333(90)90046-9 · DOI
- 10.1002/smj.160 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.1080.0408 · DOI
- 10.4159/harvard.9780674432864 · DOI
- 10.2307/256224 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0737-6782(97)00077-5 · DOI
- 10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/1540-5885.2002004 · DOI
- 10.2307/2392715 · DOI
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199707)18:1+<119::AID-SMJ921>3.0.CO;2-0 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 · DOI
- 10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1147::AID-SMJ128>3.0.CO;2-R · DOI
- 10.2307/2392832 · DOI
- 10.1287/mnsc.42.7.939 · DOI
- 10.1016/0883-9026(86)90004-2 · DOI
- 10.1287/orsc.3.1.72 · DOI
- 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199711)18:1+<641::AID-JOB910>3.0.CO;2-M · DOI
- Wasserman N., Nohria N., Anand B. N. When does leadership matter? The contingent opportunities view of CEO leadership. (2001) . Working Paper 01-063, Harvard Business School, Boston · DOI
- 10.2307/2393593 · DOI
- 10.1287/mnsc.1040.0223 · DOI
- Williamson O. E., 1985, Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting
- 10.5465/amr.2002.6587995 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/orsc.13.3.339.2780 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00017-6 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–646 of 646
Fang, L., Lanzolla, G., & Tsanakas, A. (2025) · Journal of Risk and Insurance · doi:10.1111/jori.70013
Tung, M.-H., & Wibiseno, M. F. (2025) · International Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1142/s1363919625500239
Managing and Controlling Innovation in the 21st Century Using Artificial Intelligence
Akman, A. (2025) · Acta Globalis Humanitatis et Linguarum · doi:10.69760/aghel.025002102 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Capability on Achieving Strategic Renewal – Analytical Research
Rahim, M. (2025) · Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management · doi:10.52783/jisem.v10i14s.2186
“Strategic renewal requires an organizational mindset that enables strategic reorientation (Eggers & Kaplan, 2009).”
Krammer, S. M. S., Nuruzzaman, N., & Mukherjee, D. (2024) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5029302
Horizontal acquisitions of growth potential
Xia, F., & Walker, G. (2024) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtae041
External Representations in Strategic Decision-Making: Understanding Strategy’s Reliance on VisualsPreprint
Csaszar, F. A., Hinrichs, N., & Heshmati, M. (2024) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4806761
Pal, R., Sequeira, R., Zhu, Y., Marotta, A., Siegel, M., & Hua, E. Y. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3579645
Novelty and the Onset of Strategic Agenda Shifts: A Bayesian Perspective
Sarta, A. (2021) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2021.159
Technological Prisms: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis of Cognition, Robo-Advice, and Adaptation
Sarta, A. (2021) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2021.160
The Development of Strategic CognitionPreprint
Levine, S., & Mauersberger, F. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3593061
Galunic, C. (2020) · Backstage Leadership · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36171-6_2
Study on the Jingyou Mechanism of Corporate Strategic Behavior
Kim, J., & Zhao, X.-N. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2019) · doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.191217.023
“argued that the decision maker’s cognition had a significant impact on the strategic behavior [6,7].”
BackgroundO significado do declínio organizacional: o caso UFN III
de Vasconcelos, E. F., & Bastos, A. V. (2019) · Interações (Campo Grande) · doi:10.20435/inter.v20i4.2221
Knowledge Stock, Competition Orientation and Latecomer Firms’ Attention to Emerging Technologies
Chen, L.-T., Wang, L., & Guo, L. (2019) · 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (TEMS-ISIE) · doi:10.1109/tems-isie46312.2019.9074410
“Many scholars have demonstrated that executives and organizational attention have important implications for explaining corporate strategic response actions [1~2] .”
BackgroundSurviving Alliance Network Evolution during Industry Convergence
Prescott, J., Chaturvedi, T., & Hsu, S. (2019) · Frontiers of Strategic Alliance Research · doi:10.1017/9781108236188.027
Dynamic Managerial Capabilities for a Complex World Under Big Data
Kunc, M. H. (2018) · Strategic Analytics · doi:10.1002/9781119519638.ch2
Greve, H. (2018) · Advances in Strategic Management · doi:10.1108/s0742-332220180000039007
Attention as a Local Performance: Towards a Practice-based View of Attention in Organizations
Théron, C., & Cabantous, L. (2018) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2018.14276abstract
“Other studies have studied the consequences of top managers’ attention on strategic actions, such as the timing of entry in a new market (Eggers & Kaplan, 2009), and on firms’ performance indicators (Bouquet et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBezjian, J., MacKay, R., & Danbolt, J. (2017) · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2016.18022abstract
FALLING AWAKE: DOES DESPERATION LEAD TO OPPORTUNITY?
Hess, A. M. (2017) · International Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1142/s1363919618500019 · Cited by 1
Meschi, P., Métais, E., & Miller, C. C. (2015) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0742-332220150000032021 · Cited by 2
Joseph, J. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2479634
“… focus of attention can increase firm receptivity to new technologies (Kaplan, 2008), shape the timing of market entry (Burgelman, 2002), amplify firm capabilities in a given technological domain (Eggers and Kaplan, 2009), and increase the introduction of new products (Li et al., 2013).”
InfluentialNapshin, S., Beaudoin, C. A., & Cianci, A. M. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2311011
Hiring from Rivals and Competitive BehaviorPreprint
Grohsjean, T., Kober, P., & Zucchini, L. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2282654
Kim, T. U., Kim, K., & Kim, J. (2012) · Journal of Internet Computing and services · doi:10.7472/jksii.2012.13.5.65
Depeyre, C., & Vergne, J.-P. (2012) · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2012.17180abstract
“Such data have been used in prior works on managerial attention as they readily express what top management deem important and which issues they decide to attend to (Barr, 1998; Eggers & Kaplan, 2009; Fiol, 1990).”
MethodAttention adjustment after an environmental shock: an exploratory case study
Blettner, D. P., & Soparnot, R. (2012) · doi:10.3917/g2000.291.0119
Genèse et Déploiement d'un Nouveau Business Model : l'Etude d'un Cas Désarmant
Moingeon, B., & Lehmann-Ortega, L. (2010) · M n gement · doi:10.3917/mana.134.0266 · Cited by 109
Dilemma of direct ties: Secondhand ties to gatekeepers and innovation
Lee, Y.-S., & Yoo, S.-H. (2026) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103400
Hirosue, M., Hayashida, H., & Takahashi, M. (2026) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.10.027
Fang, L., Lanzolla, G., & Tsanakas, A. (2024) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4731197
Less Is More: Peer Learning from NondisclosuresPreprint
Ahçı, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4792479
Executive Regulatory Focus and Tax Avoidance
Bauman, E., Impink, J., Mayberry, M., & Mcgill, G. A. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4627322
Chauvet, V. (2022) · Management International · doi:10.7202/1092162ar
Dynamic Capabilities and Sustainable Performance of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Kitenga, G., Muchemi, A., & Kilika, J. (2020) · International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research · doi:10.20431/2349-0349.0801005
Kim, B. K. (2020) · Western Theory in East Asian Contexts · doi:10.5040/9781501327865.0017
“…it is largely underemphasized in this line of research, some scholars argue that incumbent firms sometimes are the first to actively and aggressively adopt discontinuous technologies (Methe, Swaminathan, and Mitchell, 1996; King and Tucci, 2002; Eggers and Kaplan, 2008; Ahuja and Lampert, 2001).”
Zhao, J. (2017) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) · doi:10.4225/55/5924f1abf6e7e
Barros, V., & Ramos, I. M. P. (2016) · International series on computer entertainment and media technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49407-4_9
Fisch, J., & Ross, J. (2014) · Marketing ZFP · doi:10.15358/0344-1369_2014_2_151
Lagos, C. O. (2026) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · doi:10.56902/etdcrp.2026.114
The performance effects of attentional focus, vigilance, and switching
Chen, J.-M., Cai, J., Chen, X.-Q., & Li, Y. (2026) · Journal of business research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116534
Metadata
- Authors
- Eggers, J. P., & Kaplan, S.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Organization Science
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 461-477
- ISSN
- 1047-7039 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5455
- OpenAlex
- W2141155750
- Cited by
- 774
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 30.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Organization Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Organizational Management and Leadership
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Keywords
- managerial cognition, incumbent firms, technological change, market entry timing, industry orientation, strategic renewal, new product development, management skills
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
