The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations
Abstract
As both technologies and organizations undergo dramatic changes in form and function, organizational researchers are increasingly turning to concepts of innovation, emergence, and improvisation to help explain the new ways of organizing and using technology evident in practice. With a similar intent, I propose an extension to the structurational perspective on technology that develops a practice lens to examine how people, as they interact with a technology in their ongoing practices, enact structures which shape their emergent and situated use of that technology. Viewing the use of technology as a process of enactment enables a deeper understanding of the constitutive role of social practices in the ongoing use and change of technologies in the workplace. After developing this lens, I offer an example of its use in research, and then suggest some implications for the study of technology in organizations.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some employees may react favorably to these changes, while the others may perceive these changes as a threat to their well-being (Orlikowski, 2000;Boudreau & Robey, 2005).”
From Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions (2008) · cites this paper as Orlikowski, 2000
In the citing paper
“Therefore, instead of conceptualizing opacity as inherent or fixed features of AI tools, we view opacity as something produced and enacted through practices situated in specific organizational configurations (Leonardi 2011, Orlikowski 2000).”
From To Engage or Not to Engage with AI for Critical Judgments: How Professionals Deal with Opacity When Using AI for Medical Diagnosis (2022) · cites this paper as Orlikowski 2000
In the citing paper
“That is, people are an essential part of the information system, and business benefits are not produced by the technology alone (Orlikowski, 2000).”
From An Explanatory Framework for Achieving Business Benefits from ERP Systems (2012) · cites this paper as Orlikowski, 2000
In the citing paper
“They interpret their actions in order to make sense of what they are doing and, though their choices of how to proceed appear automatic or mindless at times, there is always the possibility of resisting expectations and doing otherwise (Giddens, 1984; Orlikowski, 2000).”
From Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change (2003) · cites this paper as Orlikowski, 2000
In the citing paper
“From this perspective, non- or partial adoption, mis-use, non-use and workarounds, are not simply negative effects, pathologies or signs of failure, but are different enactments of the ‘technology-in-use’ [58,79].”
Citations
Cites
Outline of a Theory of Practice
Bourdieu, P. (1977) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812507 · Cited by 27,606
(1984) · Cited by 21,166
Gioia, D. A., Mehra, A., & Weick, K. E. (1996) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259169 · Cited by 15,616
Outline of a Theory of Practice.
Frank, A. W., & Bourdieu, P. (1980) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066038 · Cited by 14,591
Hutchins, E. (1995) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1881.001.0001 · Cited by 10,801
(1969) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 10,735
Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554 · Cited by 9,868
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (1991) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2.1.40 · Cited by 8,742
Central Problems in Social Theory
Giddens, A. (1979) · Bloomsbury Publishing Plc eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-16161-4 · Cited by 8,061
Braverman, H. (1974) · Monthly Review · doi:10.14452/mr-026-03-1974-07_1 · Cited by 5,505
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- Barley S. R., 1988, Res. Soc. Organ., 6, 33
- Bazerman C., 1994, Genre and the New Rhetoric, 79
- Bijker W. E., 1987, The Social Construction of Technological Systems
- Bijker W. E., 1992, Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change
- 10.2307/255924 · DOI
- Ciborra C. U., 1996, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Systems, 369
- DeJean D., 1991, Lotus Notes at Work
- Greif I., 1988, Computer Supported Cooperative Work
- Grudin J., 1989, Office: Tech. and People, 4, 245
- Hedberg B., 1997, Virtual Organizations and Beyond
- Iacono S., IT and Organizational Transformation: History, Rhetoric, and Practice
- Lant T., 1999, Advances in Management Cognition and Organizational Information Processing, 6, 171
- Latour B., 1992, Shaping Technology/ Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, 225
- Marx L., 1994, Does Technology Drive History?
- 10.2307/256817 · DOI
- Tenkasi R. V., 1993, Res. in Organ. Change and Development, 7, 77
- Walsham G., 1991, J. Appl. Systems Anal., 17, 77
- Weick K., 1990, Technology and Organizations, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,005
Conceptualizing and Measuring Variety in the Execution of Organizational Work Processes
Pentland, B. T. (2003) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.49.7.857.16382 · Cited by 118
Hecker, A. (2012) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840611433995 · Cited by 132
Understanding teachers’ reluctance to the pedagogical use of ICT in the 1:1 classroom
Tallvid, M. (2014) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-014-9335-7 · Cited by 122
Policy and Practice: Recursive Learning From Crisis
Elliott, D., & Macpherson, A. (2010) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601110383406 · Cited by 117
Datapolis: A Public Governance Perspective on “Smart Cities”
Meijer, A. J. (2017) · Perspectives on Public Management and Governance · doi:10.1093/ppmgov/gvx017 · Cited by 121
Emerging technologies and the use case: A multi‐year study of drone adoption
Maghazei, O., Lewis, M. A., & Netland, T. H. (2022) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1002/joom.1196 · Cited by 117
The order of technology: Complexity and control in a connected world
Kallinikos, J. (2005) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2005.02.001 · Cited by 117
Unpacking the Dialectic: Alternative Views on the Discourse–Materiality Relationship
Putnam, L. L. (2014) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12115 · Cited by 116
Kabanda, S. K., & Brown, I. (2017) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.002 · Cited by 122
Cyber-threat intelligence for security decision-making: A review and research agenda for practice
Ainslie, S., Thompson, D., Maynard, S. B., & Ahmad, A. (2023) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2023.103352 · Cited by 148
Artifact Types in Information Systems Design Science – A Literature Review
Offermann, P., Blom, S., Schönherr, M., & Bub, U. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13335-0_6 · Cited by 116
Lazaric, N., Longhi, C., & Thomas, C. (2008) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343400701827386 · Cited by 115
Barrett, M., Grant, D. S., & Wailes, N. (2006) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/0021886305285299 · Cited by 116
Developing creativity in practice: Explorations with world-renowned chefs
Stierand, M. (2014) · Management Learning · doi:10.1177/1350507614560302 · Cited by 124
Communicating And Organizing In Time
Ballard, D. I., & Seibold, D. R. (2003) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318902238896 · Cited by 115
Sasidharan, S., Santhanam, R., Brass, D. J., & Sambamurthy, V. (2011) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1110.0388 · Cited by 118
Abimbola, S., Patel, B., Peiris, D., Patel, A., Harris, M., Usherwood, T., & Greenhalgh, T. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1463-x · Cited by 102
CrackBerries: The Social Implications of Ubiquitous Wireless E-Mail Devices
Mazmanian, M., Orlikowski, W. J., & Yates, J. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-28918-6_25 · Cited by 114
Self-citationA critical approach to evaluation
Klecuń, E., & Cornford, T. (2005) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000540 · Cited by 120
Marketing Practices and Performance of Small Service Firms
Coviello, N. E., Winklhofer, H. M., & Hamilton, K. (2006) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670506289533 · Cited by 114
Jacobsson, M., & Linderoth, H. C. J. (2010) · Construction Management and Economics · doi:10.1080/01446190903406154 · Cited by 119
The Successive Use of Information and Communication Technologies at Work
Stephens, K. K. (2007) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00308.x · Cited by 113
Hemetsberger, A., & Reinhardt, C. (2009) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840609339241 · Cited by 108
Enhanced Use of IT: A New Perspective on Post-Adoption
Bagayogo, F. F., Lapointe, L., & Bassellier, G. (2014) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00367 · Cited by 117
Mark, G. J., & Semaan, B. (2008) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/1460563.1460585 · Cited by 115
ICT in preschool: friend or foe? The significance of norms in a changing practice
Lindahl, M. G., & Folkesson, A. (2012) · International Journal of Early Years Education · doi:10.1080/09669760.2012.743876 · Cited by 111
Grounded Design - a praxeological IS research perspective
Rohde, M., Brödner, P., Stevens, G., Betz, M., & Wulf, V. (2016) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1057/jit.2016.5 · Cited by 112
Is IT Changing the World? Conceptions of Causality for Information Systems Theorizing1
Markus, M. L., & Rowe, F. (2018) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2018/12903 · Cited by 122
Making sense of professional identities: Stories of medical professionals and new technologies
Korica, M., & Molloy, E. (2010) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726710367441 · Cited by 111
The Mind or the Heart? it Depends on the (definition of) Situation
Ciborra, C., & Willcocks, L. P. (2006) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000062 · Cited by 113
Configurable politics and asymmetric integration: Health e-infrastructures in India
University of Oslo, Sahay, S., Monteiro, E., The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Aanestad, M., & University of Oslo (2009) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00198 · Cited by 109
Role of routines in collaborative work in healthcare organisations
Greenhalgh, T. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2448 · Cited by 109
Beta Versus VHS and the Acceptance of Electronic Brainstorming Technology
Dennis, A. R., & Reinicke, B. A. (2004) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 109
Constantinides, P., & Barrett, M. I. (2005) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2005.07.001 · Cited by 108
Virtual Migration: The Programming of Globalization
Kenney, M. F. (2007) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.1177/009430610703600355 · Cited by 108
Williams, R., & Pollock, N. (2011) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1110.0352 · Cited by 117
REFLECTIONS ON YOUTH, FROM THE PAST TO THE POSTCOLONY
Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (2006) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv11smt25.14 · Cited by 144
The Impact of Enterprise Systems on Organizational Resilience
Ignatiadis, I., & Nandhakumar, J. (2006) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000087 · Cited by 107
Richter, A., Heinrich, P., Stocker, A., & Schwabe, G. (2018) · Business & Information Systems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12599-018-0534-4 · Cited by 108
Moderation Challenges in Voice-based Online Communities on Discord
Jiang, J. A., Kiene, C., Middler, S., Brubaker, J. R., & Fiesler, C. L. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3359157 · Cited by 112
Against the Tyranny of PowerPoint: Technology-in-Use and Technology Abuse
Gabriel, Y. (2008) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840607079536 · Cited by 106
Contractor, N., Monge, P. R., & Leonardi, P. M. (2011) · Cited by 106
A Survey of Value Sensitive Design Methods
Friedman, B., Hendry, D. G., & Borning, A. H. (2017) · now publishers, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1561/9781680832914 · Cited by 106
Indicators of knowledge management capability for KM effectiveness
Aujirapongpan, S., Vadhanasindhu, P., Chandrachai, A., & Cooparat, P. (2010) · VINE · doi:10.1108/03055721011050677 · Cited by 106
Exploring social network interactions in enterprise systems: the role of virtual co‐presence
Subramaniam, N., Nandhakumar, J., & Baptista, J. (2013) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12019 · Cited by 108
Knowledge leadership in global scientific research
Mabey, C., Kulich, C., & Lorenzi‐Cioldi, F. (2012) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.668386 · Cited by 105
Organizational ethnography between toolbox and world‐making
Yanow, D. (2012) · Journal of Organizational Ethnography · doi:10.1108/202466741211220633 · Cited by 105
User innovation and everyday practices: micro‐innovation in sports industry development
Hyysalo, S. (2009) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00558.x · Cited by 111
Vakkuri, J., & Meklin, P. (2006) · Financial Accountability and Management · doi:10.1111/j.0267-4424.2006.00401.x · Cited by 102
Domesticating Computers and the Internet
Cummings, J. N., & Kraut, R. E. (2002) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972240290074977 · Cited by 105
Text Me! New Consumer Practices and Change in Organizational Fields
Ansari, S. S., & Phillips, N. (2010) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0595 · Cited by 108
The Digital Undertow and Institutional Displacement: A Sociomaterial Approach
Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. (2023) · Organization Theory · doi:10.1177/26317877231180898 · Cited by 114
Self-citationExploring uses of social media in a global corporation
Vuori, M. (2012) · Journal of Systems and Information Technology · doi:10.1108/13287261211232171 · Cited by 105
Mobilization of software developers: the free software movement
Elliott, M. S., & Scacchi, W. (2008) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/09593840810860315 · Cited by 102
Sociotechnical Approaches to the Study of Information Systems
Sawyer, S., & Jarrahi, M. H. (2022) · Computing Handbook · doi:10.1201/9780429171529-98 · Cited by 103
Local Sociotechnical System Development in the NHS National Programme for Information Technology
Eason, K. (2007) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000101 · Cited by 101
Kummitha, R. K. R. (2018) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.010 · Cited by 113
Hirsch‐Kreinsen, H. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-17668-6_53 · Cited by 103
Successful System-use: It’s Not Just Who You Are, But What You Do
Gaskin, J. E., Godfrey, S., & Vance, A. (2018) · AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.17705/1thci.00104 · Cited by 107
Analysing Networked Learning Practices in Higher Education and Continuing Professional Development
Dirckinck‐Holmfeld, L., Jones, C., & Lindström, B. (2009) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789460910074 · Cited by 102
Optimal Investment in Knowledge Within a Firm Using a Market Mechanism
Ba, S., Stallaert, J., & Whinston, A. B. (2001) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.47.9.1203.9781 · Cited by 103
Introduction: what is strategy as practice?
Golsorkhi, D., Rouleau, L., Seidl, D. N., & Vaara, E. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139681032.001 · Cited by 103
Sociotechnical Approaches to the Study of Information Systems
Sawyer, S., & Jarrahi, M. (2014) · Computing Handbook, Third Edition · doi:10.1201/b16768-7 · Cited by 103
Tassabehji, R., Hackney, R., & Popovič, A. (2016) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.04.003 · Cited by 103
Boczkowski, P. J. (2004) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972240490480947 · Cited by 101
The dynamics of contextual forces of ERP implementation
Nandhakumar, J., Rossi, M., & Talvinen, J. M. (2005) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2005.04.002 · Cited by 101
Social informatics: Perspectives, examples, and trends
Sawyer, S., & Eschenfelder, K. R. (2002) · Annual Review of Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/aris.1440360111 · Cited by 106
Pîrvu, B.-C., Zamfirescu, C.-B., & Gorecky, D. (2015) · Mechatronics · doi:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2015.08.010 · Cited by 100
Business analytics use in CRM: A nomological net from IT competence to CRM performance
Nam, D., Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2018) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.005 · Cited by 114
Unpacking Unintended Consequences in Planned Organizational Change: A Process Model
Jian, G. (2007) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318907301986 · Cited by 100
Contextual Explanation: Alternative Approaches and Persistent Challenges1
Avgerou, C. (2019) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2019/13990 · Cited by 108
The Double Dance of Agency : a socio-theoretic account of how machines and humans interact
Rose, J., & Jones, M. (2005) · Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database · Cited by 98
So, how do people really use their handheld devices? An interactive study of wireless technology use
Schlosser, F. K. (2002) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.146 · Cited by 99
Sydow, J. (2004) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726704042927 · Cited by 99
Bispo, M. D. S. (2016) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2016.10.009 · Cited by 99
Talking About Machines, Thick Description, and Knowledge Work
Bechky, B. A. (2006) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840606071894 · Cited by 104
Wagner, E. L., & Newell, S. (2006) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/0021886305284290 · Cited by 98
An Explanatory Framework for Achieving Business Benefits from ERP Systems
La Trobe University, Staehr, L., Shanks, G., The University of Melbourne, Seddon, P., & The University of Melbourne (2012) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00299 · Cited by 98
Iivari, J., Isomäki, H., & Pekkola, S. (2009) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2575.2009.00336.x · Cited by 97
Laumer, S., Maier, C., Eckhardt, A., & Weitzel, T. (2016) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1057/ejis.2016.1 · Cited by 100
The Digital Undertow: How the Corollary Effects of Digital Transformation Affect Industry Standards
Scott, S., & Orlikowski, W. J. (2021) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2021.1056 · Cited by 120
Self-citationSocial Mechanisms for Causal Explanation in Social Theory Based IS Research
Avgerou, C. (2013) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00341 · Cited by 100
Understanding behavioral sources of process variation following enterprise system deployment
Bendoly, E., & Cotteleer, M. J. (2007) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2007.03.002 · Cited by 96
Ethical perspectives on e-commerce: an empirical investigation
Sharma, G., & Wang, L. (2014) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-07-2013-0162 · Cited by 102
Yang, T.-M., & Wu, Y.-J. (2016) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.05.003 · Cited by 101
Jiang, M., & Xu, H. (2009) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439308327313 · Cited by 96
Open data work: understanding open data usage from a practice lens
Ruijer, E. H. J. M., Grimmelikhuijsen, S., van den Berg, J., & Meijer, A. J. (2018) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/0020852317753068 · Cited by 96
The Dynamics of Drift in Digitized Processes
Pentland, B. T., Liu, P., Kremser, W., & Hærem, T. (2020) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2020/14458 · Cited by 96
Celebrating Organization Theory
Lounsbury, M. D., & Beckman, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12091 · Cited by 106
The Making of Data Commodities: Data Analytics as an Embedded Process
Aaltonen, A., Alaimo, C., & Kallinikos, J. (2021) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2021.1912928 · Cited by 95
Measuring Perceived Website Usability
Wang, J., & Sénécal, S. (2007) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332860802086318 · Cited by 95
Investigating organizational learning in eGovernment projects: A multi-theoretic approach
Phang, C. W., Kankanhalli, A., & Ang, C. (2008) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2007.12.006 · Cited by 98
Brady, M., Fellenz, M. R., & Brookes, R. W. (2008) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/08858620810850227 · Cited by 95
Gomez, L. M., Sherin, M. G., Griesdorn, J., & Finn, L.-E. (2008) · Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1177/0022487107314001 · Cited by 94
The Impact of E-mail Communication on Organizational Life
Derks, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · Cited by 94
Kamboj, S. (2019) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-11-2017-0289 · Cited by 94
Ripple effects of an embedded social agent
Lee, M. K., Kiesler, S. B., Forlizzi, J., & Rybski, P. E. (2012) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2207676.2207776 · Cited by 93
Applying Social Psychological Theory to the Problems of Group Work
Kraut, R. E. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-155860808-5/50012-5 · Cited by 95
Renaud, A., Walsh, I., & Kalika, M. (2016) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2016.01.002 · Cited by 93
Pool, J., Akhlaghpour, S., Fatehi, F., & Gray, L. (2022) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104707 · Cited by 104
Metadata
- Authors
- Orlikowski, W. J.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Orlikowski, Wanda J.
- ORCID
- Orlikowski, Wanda J.
- Venue
- Organization Science
- Published
- 2000-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 404-428
- ISSN
- 1047-7039 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5455
- OpenAlex
- W1996293917
- Cited by
- 4,760
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 251 · 2025: 197 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 192 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 191 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 208 · 2018: 173 · 2017: 151 · 2016: 192 · 2015: 240 · 2014: 289 · 2013: 270 · 2012: 262
- FWCI
- 160.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Organization Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovative Education and Learning Practices
- Keywords
- technology in organizations, enactment, social practices, improvisation, innovation, situated practice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
