The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations
Abstract
As both technologies and organizations undergo dramatic changes in form and function, organizational researchers are increasingly turning to concepts of innovation, emergence, and improvisation to help explain the new ways of organizing and using technology evident in practice. With a similar intent, I propose an extension to the structurational perspective on technology that develops a practice lens to examine how people, as they interact with a technology in their ongoing practices, enact structures which shape their emergent and situated use of that technology. Viewing the use of technology as a process of enactment enables a deeper understanding of the constitutive role of social practices in the ongoing use and change of technologies in the workplace. After developing this lens, I offer an example of its use in research, and then suggest some implications for the study of technology in organizations.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some employees may react favorably to these changes, while the others may perceive these changes as a threat to their well-being (Orlikowski, 2000;Boudreau & Robey, 2005).”
From Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions (2008) · cites this paper as Orlikowski, 2000
In the citing paper
“Therefore, instead of conceptualizing opacity as inherent or fixed features of AI tools, we view opacity as something produced and enacted through practices situated in specific organizational configurations (Leonardi 2011, Orlikowski 2000).”
From To Engage or Not to Engage with AI for Critical Judgments: How Professionals Deal with Opacity When Using AI for Medical Diagnosis (2022) · cites this paper as Orlikowski 2000
In the citing paper
“That is, people are an essential part of the information system, and business benefits are not produced by the technology alone (Orlikowski, 2000).”
From An Explanatory Framework for Achieving Business Benefits from ERP Systems (2012) · cites this paper as Orlikowski, 2000
In the citing paper
“They interpret their actions in order to make sense of what they are doing and, though their choices of how to proceed appear automatic or mindless at times, there is always the possibility of resisting expectations and doing otherwise (Giddens, 1984; Orlikowski, 2000).”
From Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change (2003) · cites this paper as Orlikowski, 2000
In the citing paper
“From this perspective, non- or partial adoption, mis-use, non-use and workarounds, are not simply negative effects, pathologies or signs of failure, but are different enactments of the ‘technology-in-use’ [58,79].”
Citations
Cites
Outline of a Theory of Practice
Bourdieu, P. (1977) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812507 · Cited by 27,606
(1984) · Cited by 21,166
Gioia, D. A., Mehra, A., & Weick, K. E. (1996) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259169 · Cited by 15,616
Outline of a Theory of Practice.
Frank, A. W., & Bourdieu, P. (1980) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066038 · Cited by 14,591
Hutchins, E. (1995) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1881.001.0001 · Cited by 10,801
(1969) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 10,735
Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554 · Cited by 9,868
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (1991) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2.1.40 · Cited by 8,742
Central Problems in Social Theory
Giddens, A. (1979) · Bloomsbury Publishing Plc eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-16161-4 · Cited by 8,061
Braverman, H. (1974) · Monthly Review · doi:10.14452/mr-026-03-1974-07_1 · Cited by 5,505
A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation
Sewell, W. H. (1992) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/229967 · Cited by 5,391
Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication
Kantowitz, B. H., & Suchman, L. A. (1990) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423221 · Cited by 5,307
Cognition in Practice: Mind, Mathematics and Culture in Everyday Life
Lave, J. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609268 · Cited by 5,148
von Hippel, E. (2007) · Gabler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-9320-5_10 · Cited by 5,123
The Duality of Technology: Rethinking the Concept of Technology in Organizations
Orlikowski, W. J. (1992) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.3.3.398 · Cited by 4,957
Self-citationCentral Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis.
Parsons, H. L., & Giddens, A. (1980) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.2307/2107414 · Cited by 4,911
Giddens, A. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003320609-62 · Cited by 4,821
Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice
Child, J. (1972) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/003803857200600101 · Cited by 4,790
Brown, S. L., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (1997) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393807 · Cited by 4,285
Pinch, T. J., & Bijker, W. E. (1984) · Social Studies of Science · doi:10.1177/030631284014003004 · Cited by 3,890
Capturing the Complexity in Advanced Technology Use: Adaptive Structuration Theory
DeSanctis, G., & Poole, M. S. (1994) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.5.2.121 · Cited by 3,879
Shaping Technology, Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change.
Lynch, M., Bijker, W. E., & Law, J. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074370 · Cited by 3,574
The Social Construction of Technological Systems
Westrum, R. (1989) · Social Studies of Science · doi:10.1177/030631289019001010 · Cited by 3,367
The Role of Institutionalization in Cultural Persistence
Zucker, L. G. (1977) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094862 · Cited by 3,111
Electronic markets and electronic hierarchies
Malone, T. W., Yates, J., & Benjamin, R. I. (1987) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/214762.214766 · Cited by 3,005
Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century.
Tomich, D., & Braverman, H. (1976) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2063071 · Cited by 2,999
Cook, S. D. N., & Brown, J. S. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.4.381 · Cited by 2,994
New rules of sociological method
Giddens, A. (1976) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 2,673
The productivity paradox of information technology
Brynjolfsson, E. (1993) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/163298.163309 · Cited by 2,526
Barley, S. R. (1986) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392767 · Cited by 2,315
Galbraith, J. R. (1977) · Cited by 2,180
Barley, S. R. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511618925.007 · Cited by 2,119
Interpreting information systems in organizations
(1995) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/0377-2217(95)90133-7 · Cited by 2,017
Talking about Machines: An Ethnography of a Modern Job
Wellman, D. T., & Orr, J. E. (1997) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2655659 · Cited by 2,004
Improvising Organizational Transformation Over Time: A Situated Change Perspective
Orlikowski, W. J. (1996) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.7.1.63 · Cited by 1,957
Self-citationIndustrial Organization: Theory and Practice
Woodward, J. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,892
Contested Terrain: The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century
Nielsen, R. P., & Edwards, R. (1980) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/257476 · Cited by 1,853
Technological frames: making sense of information technology in organizations
Orlikowski, W. J., & Gash, D. C. (1994) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/196734.196745 · Cited by 1,736
Self-citationComputer-supported cooperative work: history and focus
Grudin, J. (1994) · Computer · doi:10.1109/2.291294 · Cited by 1,639
Academy of Management Proceedings
Epitropaki, O., Kark, R., Day, D., Lord, R. G., Murphy, S. E., & Stevens, N. (2016) · The Academy of Management · Cited by 1,609
Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human Machine Communication.
Woolgar, S., & Suchman, L. A. (1989) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2073874 · Cited by 1,600
Things That Make Us Smart: Defending Human Attributes in the Age of the Machine
Robinson, R., & Norman, D. (1994) · Design Issues · doi:10.2307/1511661 · Cited by 1,528
Of bicycles, bakelites, and bulbs: toward a theory of sociotechnical change
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-4464 · Cited by 1,484
In the Age of the Smart Machine
Zuboff, S. (1988) · Cited by 1,431
Information Technology and the Structuring of Organizations
Orlikowski, W. J., & Robey, D. (1991) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2.2.143 · Cited by 1,320
Self-citationThe Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology
McGucken, W., & Winner, L. (1988) · Technology and Culture · doi:10.2307/3105261 · Cited by 1,264
Windows of Opportunity: Temporal Patterns of Technological Adaptation in Organizations
Tyre, M. J., & Orlikowski, W. J. (1994) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.5.1.98 · Cited by 1,135
Self-citationElectronic Mail as the Medium of Managerial Choice
Markus, M. L. (1994) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.5.4.502 · Cited by 1,091
The Social Shaping of Technology
Hoch, P. K., MacKenzie, D., & Wajcman, J. (1987) · Technology and Culture · doi:10.2307/3105489 · Cited by 1,044
Winner, L. (1988) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226902098.001.0001 · Cited by 1,012
Industrial Organization: Theory and Practice.
Leyland, N. H., & Woodward, J. (1967) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2229326 · Cited by 964
Burkhardt, M. E., & Brass, D. J. (1990) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393552 · Cited by 947
Bourdieu: Critical Perspectives.
Jenkins, R., Calhoun, C. J., LiPuma, E., & Postone, M. (1994) · Man · doi:10.2307/2804373 · Cited by 944
The Alignment of Technology and Structure through Roles and Networks
Barley, S. R. (1990) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393551 · Cited by 941
Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations.
Powell, P. L., & Walsham, G. (1993) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.2307/2584090 · Cited by 862
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Information Systems 2023
(2023) · doi:10.33965/is2023 · Cited by 828
Social Analyses of Computing: Theoretical Perspectives in Recent Empirical Research
Kling, R. (1980) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/356802.356806 · Cited by 781
Shaping Electronic Communication: The Metastructuring of Technology in the Context of Use
Orlikowski, W. J., Yates, J., Okamura, K., & Fujimoto, M. (1995) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.6.4.423 · Cited by 682
Self-citationUnderstanding the use of Group Decision Support Systems: The Theory of Adaptive Structuration
Poole, M. S., & Desanctis, G. L. (1990) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483325385.n8 · Cited by 659
Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation
DeBresson, C., & Noble, D. F. (1986) · Labour / Le Travail · doi:10.2307/25142705 · Cited by 635
The social shaping of technology
Wyatt, S. (1986) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(86)90010-7 · Cited by 631
Rice, R. E., & Aydin, C. (1991) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393354 · Cited by 617
PUTTING GIDDENS INTO ACTION: SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND MANAGERIAL AGENCY
Whittington, R. (1992) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00685.x · Cited by 602
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
(2013) · doi:10.1145/2441776 · Cited by 601
Barrett, F. J. (1998) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.9.5.605 · Cited by 596
Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation
Diani, M., Noble, D. F., & Shaiken, H. (1985) · Design Issues · doi:10.2307/1511425 · Cited by 575
The integration of computing and routine work
Gasser, L. (1986) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/214427.214429 · Cited by 524
Advances in Social Theory and Methodology
Goldstein, L. J. (1986) · International Studies in Philosophy · doi:10.5840/intstudphil198618185 · Cited by 509
Hutchins, E. L. (1991) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2.1.14 · Cited by 457
Managing Strategic Innovation and Change
Sastry, M. A., Tushman, M. L., & Anderson, P. C. (2012) · Cited by 432
Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change
Meikle, J. L., & Bijker, W. E. (1996) · Technology and Culture · doi:10.2307/3107114 · Cited by 423
Reinvention in the Innovation Process
Rice, R. E., & Rogers, E. M. (1980) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/107554708000100402 · Cited by 392
Technology in Working Order: Studies of Work, Interaction and Technology
Button, G. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 377
The Turn to Technology in Social Studies of Science
Woolgar, S. (1991) · Science, Technology, & Human Values · doi:10.1177/016224399101600102 · Cited by 358
Learning from notes: Organizational issues in groupware implementation
Orlikowski, W. J. (1993) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.1993.9960143 · Cited by 346
Self-citationSchryer, C. F. (1993) · Written Communication · doi:10.1177/0741088393010002003 · Cited by 333
The Organizational Context of Human Factors Engineering
Perrow, C. B. (1983) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393007 · Cited by 316
Creativity and Improvisation in Jazz and Organizations: Implications for Organizational Learning
Barrett, F. J. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781351147965-20 · Cited by 300
Microlevel Structuration in Computer-Supported Group Decision Making
SCOTT, M., & DeSANCTIS, P. G. (1992) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1992.tb00294.x · Cited by 295
Yates, J., Orlikowski, W. J., & Okamura, K. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.1.83 · Cited by 290
Self-citationPrasad, P. (1993) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/256817 · Cited by 265
Computerization and social transformations
Kling, R. (1991) · Science, Technology, & Human Values · doi:10.1177/016224399101600304 · Cited by 249
Suchman, L. A. (1996) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415040-9.50118-4 · Cited by 238
Work Transformed: Automation and Labor in the Computer Age
Rycroft, R. S., & Shaiken, H. (1986) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1059304 · Cited by 230
Handbook of Organization Studies.
Zammuto, R. F., Clegg, S. R., Hardy, C., & Nord, W. R. (1998) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393690 · Cited by 214
Thomas, R. B. (1994) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520915077 · Cited by 209
Organizational Redesign As Improvisation
Weicke, K. E. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195072853.003.0011 · Cited by 206
Cassell, P. (1993) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-22890-4 · Cited by 196
Diversity in the use of electronic mail: a preliminary inquiry
Mackay, W. E. (1988) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/58566.58567 · Cited by 187
Malone, T. W., Lai, K., & Fry, C. H. (1992) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/143457.143532 · Cited by 176
Pentland, B. T., Goodman, P. S., & Sproull, L. S. (1992) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393456 · Cited by 171
Giddens, A. (1989) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511557699.013 · Cited by 171
Computerization, productivity, and quality of work-life
Kraut, R. E., Dumais, S., & Koch, S. (1989) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/63342.63347 · Cited by 163
What Machines Can't Do: Politics and Technology in the Industrial Enterprise.
Whalley, P., & Thomas, R. J. (1995) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2076715 · Cited by 162
Technology and organization: Power, meaning and design,
(1993) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/0024-6301(93)90164-b · Cited by 151
Teams, markets and systems — business innovation and information technology
(1995) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/0377-2217(95)90047-0 · Cited by 150
Experiments with Oval: A Radically Tailorable Tool for Cooperative Work
Malone, T. W., Lai, R., & Fry, C. H. (1992) · Cited by 149
Carter, N. M. (1984) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/255924 · Cited by 120
On Some Failures of Nerve in Constructivist and Feminist Analyses of Technology
Grint, K., & Woolgar, S. (1995) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/016224399502000302 · Cited by 101
Paralogic Rhetoric: A Theory of Communicative Interaction
Kent, T. L. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 98
Technologies as Cultural Artefacts
Woolgar, S. (1996) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198774594.003.0006 · Cited by 98
Hatch, M. J. (1998) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.9.5.556 · Cited by 91
Computers, Guns, and Roses: What's Social about Being Shot?
Grint, K., & Woolgar, S. (1992) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/016224399201700306 · Cited by 90
Audiences, Narratives, and Human Values in Social Studies of Technology
Kling, R. (1992) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/016224399201700305 · Cited by 85
Improvisation and Information Technology in Organizations
Ciborra, C. (1996) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 80
Groupware in Practice: An Interpretation of Work Experiences
Bullen, C. V., & Bennett, J. L. (1996) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415040-9.50116-0 · Cited by 76
Organizations, Technology and Structuring
Roberts, K. H., & Grabowski, M. (1999) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446218563.n8 · Cited by 73
Teams, markets and systems: business innovation and information technology
Wilson, T. D. (1994) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/0268-4012(94)90099-x · Cited by 66
Groupware in Practice: An Interpretation of Work Experience
Bullen, C. V., & Bennett, J. L. (2011) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 64
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0378 · Cited by 61
Computers and the Transformation of Social Analysis
Woolgar, S., & Grint, K. (1991) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/016224399101600305 · Cited by 58
Yates, J., Orlikowski, W. J., & Okamura, K. (1995) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 49
Self-citationOrganizations in the computer age : technological imperatives and strategic choice
Buchanan, D., & Boddy, D. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 39
Shaping Electronic Communication: The Metastructuring of Technology in UsePreprint
Orlikowski, W. J., Yates, J., Okamura, K., & Fujimoto, M. (1994) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 38
Self-citationLooking for the designers: Transforming the ‘invisible’ infrastructure of computerised office work
Clement, A. (1993) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/bf01891415 · Cited by 38
Powell, W. W. (1987) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/228714 · Cited by 38
Handbook of Work, Organization, and Society.
Payne, D. N., & Dubin, R. (1978) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2577241 · Cited by 36
Rigid Politics and Technological Flexibility: The Anatomy of a Failed Hospital Innovation
Sætnan, A. R. (1991) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/016224399101600401 · Cited by 29
Intellectual Assembly Lines: The Rationalization of Managerial, Professional, and Technical Work
Perrolle, J. A. (1984) · Social Science Micro Review · doi:10.1177/089443938600200301 · Cited by 28
Organizations in the computer age: Technological imperatives and strategic choice
Bosman, A. (1984) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/0377-2217(84)90323-0 · Cited by 25
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
(2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429462276 · Cited by 24
Managing Information Technology's Organisational Impact
Clarke, R., & Cameron, J. (1991) · Cited by 14
Simon, A. R. (1992) · Cited by 10
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- Barley S. R., 1988, Res. Soc. Organ., 6, 33
- Bazerman C., 1994, Genre and the New Rhetoric, 79
- Bijker W. E., 1987, The Social Construction of Technological Systems
- Bijker W. E., 1992, Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change
- 10.2307/255924 · DOI
- Ciborra C. U., 1996, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Systems, 369
- DeJean D., 1991, Lotus Notes at Work
- Greif I., 1988, Computer Supported Cooperative Work
- Grudin J., 1989, Office: Tech. and People, 4, 245
- Hedberg B., 1997, Virtual Organizations and Beyond
- Iacono S., IT and Organizational Transformation: History, Rhetoric, and Practice
- Lant T., 1999, Advances in Management Cognition and Organizational Information Processing, 6, 171
- Latour B., 1992, Shaping Technology/ Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, 225
- Marx L., 1994, Does Technology Drive History?
- 10.2307/256817 · DOI
- Tenkasi R. V., 1993, Res. in Organ. Change and Development, 7, 77
- Walsham G., 1991, J. Appl. Systems Anal., 17, 77
- Weick K., 1990, Technology and Organizations, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Design Science in Information Systems Research1
Hevner, A. R., March, S. T., Park, J., & Ram, S. (2004) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/25148625 · Cited by 10,707
Design science in information systems research
(2004) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.5555/2017212.2017217 · Cited by 8,254
Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions
Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x · Cited by 8,159
Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change
Feldman, M. S., & Pentland, B. T. (2003) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3556620 · Cited by 4,020
Institutions and Institutional Work
Lawrence, T. B., & Suddaby, R. (2006) · The SAGE Handbook of Organization Studies · doi:10.4135/9781848608030.n7 · Cited by 3,338
Metadata
- Authors
- Orlikowski, W. J.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Orlikowski, Wanda J.
- ORCID
- Orlikowski, Wanda J.
- Venue
- Organization Science
- Published
- 2000-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 404-428
- ISSN
- 1047-7039 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5455
- OpenAlex
- W1996293917
- Cited by
- 4,760
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 251 · 2025: 197 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 192 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 191 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 208 · 2018: 173 · 2017: 151 · 2016: 192 · 2015: 240 · 2014: 289 · 2013: 270 · 2012: 262
- FWCI
- 160.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Organization Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovative Education and Learning Practices
- Keywords
- technology in organizations, enactment, social practices, improvisation, innovation, situated practice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
