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The Navigation Guide—Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Environmental Health: Systematic Review of Human Evidence for PFOA Effects on Fetal Growth
Open accessAbstract
Background: The Navigation Guide methodology was developed to meet the need for a robust method of systematic and transparent research synthesis in environmental health science. We conducted a case study systematic review to support proof of concept of the method. Objective: We applied the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology to determine whether developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) affects fetal growth in humans. Methods: We applied the first 3 steps of the Navigation Guide methodology to human epidemiological data: 1) specify the study question, 2) select the evidence, and 3) rate the quality and strength of the evidence. We developed a protocol, conducted a comprehensive search of the literature, and identified relevant studies using prespecified criteria. We evaluated each study for risk of bias and conducted meta-analyses on a subset of studies. We rated quality and strength of the entire body of human evidence. Results: We identified 18 human studies that met our inclusion criteria, and 9 of these were combined through meta-analysis. Through meta-analysis, we estimated that a 1-ng/mL increase in serum or plasma PFOA was associated with a –18.9 g (95% CI: –29.8, –7.9) difference in birth weight. We concluded that the risk of bias across studies was low, and we assigned a “moderate” quality rating to the overall body of human evidence. Conclusion: On the basis of this first application of the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology, we concluded that there is “sufficient” human evidence that developmental exposure to PFOA reduces fetal growth. Citation: Johnson PI, Sutton P, Atchley DS, Koustas E, Lam J, Sen S, Robinson KA, Axelrad DA, Woodruff TJ. 2014. The Navigation Guide—evidence-based medicine meets environmental health: systematic review of human evidence for PFOA effects on fetal growth. Environ Health Perspect 122:1028–1039; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307893
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“such methods have only recently been developed and utilized in environmental health sciences [23–30].”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple Airborne Pollutants and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
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“This observation is consistent with our previous systematic reviews, [24, 27, 28, 30]”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple Airborne Pollutants and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
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Cumulative Chemical Exposures During Pregnancy and Early Development
Mitro, S. D., Johnson, T., & Zota, A. R. (2015) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-015-0064-x · Cited by 120
Are perfluorooctane sulfonate alternatives safer? New insights from a birth cohort study
Chu, C., Zhou, Y., Li, Q.-Q., Bloom, M. S., Lin, S., Yu, Y.-J., Chen, D., Yu, H.-Y., Hu, L.-W., Yang, B.-Y., et al. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105365 · Cited by 117
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“Similar effects have been suggested in epidemiological studies of populations with both high and low exposure, but the causality of the findings are still unclear (Bach et al., 2015; Grandjean et al. 2012; Johnson et al., 2014; Olsen et al., 2009b; Steenland et al., 2010).”
ResultWashington, J. W., Rankin, K., Libelo, E. L., Lynch, D. G., & Cyterski, M. (2019) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.071 · Cited by 114
Perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in indoor air sampled in children's bedrooms
Winkens, K., Koponen, J., Schuster, J., Shoeib, M., Vestergren, R., Berger, U., Karvonen, A. M., Pekkanen, J., Kiviranta, H., & Cousins, I. T. (2017) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.010 · Cited by 113
“, 2013) and have been shown to display an array of toxicological effects mostly in animal studies (e.g. Stahl et al., 2011; Lau et al., 2004; Kennedy et al., 2004; Vaughn et al., 2013; Johnson et al., 2014; Olsen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSagiv, S. K., Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Fleisch, A. F., Webster, T. F., Calafat, A. M., Ye, X., Gillman, M. W., & Oken, E. (2017) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwx332 · Cited by 173
“(20) estimated a reduction in term birth weight of 18.”
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“Element Explanation Example for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and birth weight in animals (adapted from [54]) Example for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and birth weight in humans (adapted from [53])”
BackgroundSelf-citationZota, A. R., Geller, R. J., Romano, L. E., Coleman‐Phox, K., Adler, N. E., Parry, E., Wang, M., Park, J.-S., Elmi, A. F., Laraia, B. A., et al. (2018) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.044 · Cited by 135
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Webster, G. M., Rauch, S. A., Marie, N. S., Mattman, A., Lanphear, B. P., & Venners, S. A. (2015) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1409589 · Cited by 113
Descatha, A., Sembajwe, G. N., Pega, F., Ujita, Y., Baer, M., Boccuni, F., Tecco, C. D., Duret, C., Evanoff, B., Gagliardi, D., et al. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105746 · Cited by 158
“…(Higgins et al., 2011) and the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (Viswanathan et al., 2008), and has been successfully applied in several completed and ongoing systematic reviews (Johnson et al., 2016, 2014; Koustas et al., 2014; Lam et al., 2014, 2017, 2016a; Vesterinen et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMorgan, R. L., Thayer, K. A., Santesso, N., Holloway, A. C., Blain, R., Eftim, S. E., Goldstone, A. E., Ross, P., Guyatt, G., & Schünemann, H. J. (2018) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.018 · Cited by 106
Hulshof, C. T. J., Pega, F., Neupane, S., Colosio, C., Daams, J. G., Prakash, K. C., Kuijer, P., Mandić‐Rajčević, S., Masci, F., van der Molen, H. F., et al. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106349 · Cited by 138
Fromme, H., Wöckner, M., Roscher, E., & Völkel, W. (2017) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.014 · Cited by 118
Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Birthweight
Steenland, K., Barry, V., & Savitz, D. A. (2018) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000903 · Cited by 133
Climate Change and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review.
Kazi, D. S., Katznelson, E., Liu, C.-L., Al-Roub, N. M., Chaudhary, R. S., Young, D., McNichol, M., Mickley, L., Kramer, D. B., Cascio, W. E., et al. (2024) · JAMA cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.1321 · Cited by 98
Goudarzi, H., Araki, A., Itoh, S., Sasaki, S., Miyashita, C., Mitsui, T., Nakazawa, H., Nonomura, K., & Kishi, R. (2016) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp142 · Cited by 97
The Devil they Knew: Chemical Documents Analysis of Industry Influence on PFAS Science
Gaber, N., Bero, L., & Woodruff, T. (2022) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.5334/aogh.4013 · Cited by 96
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Shaffer, R. M., Sellers, S., Baker, M. G., Kalman, R. D. B., Frostad, J. J., Suter, M. K., Anenberg, S. C., Balbus, J. M., Basu, N., Bellinger, D. C., et al. (2019) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp5496 · Cited by 123
Effect of Air Pollution on Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jia, Y., Lin, Z.-N., He, Z., Li, C.-Y., Zhang, Y.-J., Wang, J.-Y., Liu, F.-C., Li, J.-X., Huang, K.-Y., Cao, J., et al. (2023) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp11506 · Cited by 92
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Andersen, H. R., David, A., Freire, C., Fernández, M. F., D’Cruz, S. C., Reina-Pérez, I., Fini, J., & Bláha, L. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113935 · Cited by 100
Metabolomics of Childhood Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances: A Cross-Sectional Study
Kingsley, S. L., Walker, D. I., Calafat, A. M., Chen, A., Papandonatos, G. D., Xu, Y., Jones, D. P., Lanphear, B. P., Pennell, K. D., & Braun, J. M. (2019) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-019-1560-z · Cited by 90
Environmental exposure to perchlorate: A review of toxicology and human health
Pleus, R., & Corey, L. M. (2018) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.001 · Cited by 90
Dong, Z., Wang, H., Yu, Y., Li, Y. B., Naidu, R., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.061 · Cited by 101
Paulo, M. S., Ádám, B., Akagwu, C., Akparibo, I., Al‐Rifai, R. H., Bazrafshan, S., Gobba, F., Green, A. C., Ivanov, I., Kežić, S., et al. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.039 · Cited by 110
“…of the Navigation Guide method may be warranted (Goodman et al., 2017), but it has been successfully applied in several completed and ongoing systematic reviews (Johnson et al., 2016, 2014; Koustas et al., 2014; Lam et al., 2017, 2015, 2014; Rooney et al., 2016; Vesterinen et al., 2015).”
MethodPFAS concentration during pregnancy in relation to cardiometabolic health and birth outcomes
Gardener, H. E., Sun, Q., & Grandjean, P. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110287 · Cited by 94
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript Mechanisms underlying an association between PFAS exposure and fetal growth remain poorly understood, though PFAS exposure has been associated with low weight at birth in animal models (Koustas et al, 2014).”
BackgroundExposures to chemical mixtures during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: The HOME study.
Kalloo, G., Wellenius, G., McCandless, L., Calafat, A., Sjödin, A., Romano, M., Karagas, M., Chen, A.-M., Yolton, K., Lanphear, B., et al. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105219 · Cited by 86
A primer on systematic reviews in toxicology
Hoffmann, S., de Vries, R. B. M., Stephens, M. L., Beck, N. B., Dirven, H. A. A. M., Fowle, J. R., Goodman, J. E., Hartung, T., Kimber, I., Lalu, M. M., et al. (2017) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-017-1980-3 · Cited by 85
“…application of systematic review methodology to toxicological issues has focused primarily on questions regarding the impact of chemicals on human health, e.g., for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (Johnson et al. 2014; Koustas et al. 2014) or metals (Navas-Acien et al. 2007; Meyer-Baron et al. 2009).”
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Self-citationEarly pregnancy serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances and risk of preeclampsia in Swedish women
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Effects of high temperatures and heatwaves on dengue fever: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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“…may be warranted (Goodman et al., 2017), but it has been successfully applied in several completed and ongoing systematic reviews (Johnson et al., 2014; Koustas et al., 2014; Lam et al., 2014; Vesterinen et al., 2014; Johnson et al., 2016; Lam et al., 2016b; Lam et al., 2017; Lam et al., 2016a).”
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Endocrine‐Disrupting Chemicals and Reproductive Health
Zlatnik, M. G. (2016) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12500 · Cited by 113
Gui, S.-Y., Chen, Y.-N., Wu, K.-J., Liu, W., Wang, W.-J., Liang, H.-R., Jiang, Z.-X., Li, Z.-L., & Hu, C.-Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.855348 · Cited by 80
“(51) aimed to examine associations of PFOA with multiple birth outcomes (BW, BL, PI, WC) but was quite inadequate in the number of included studies.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPerfluoroalkyl substances in older male anglers in Wisconsin
Christensen, K. L. Y., Raymond, M., Thompson, B. A., & Anderson, H. A. (2016) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.012 · Cited by 99
Knapke, E. T., Magalhães, D. D. P., Dalvie, M. A., Mandrioli, D., & Perry, M. (2021) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.153017 · Cited by 75
The Role of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Gestation and Pregnancy Outcomes
Puche-Juárez, M., Toledano, J. M., Moreno‐Fernández, J., Gálvez-Ontiveros, Y., Rivas, A., Díaz‐Castro, J., & Ochoa, J. J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15214657 · Cited by 88
“Other studies have reached the conclusion that developmental exposure to PFOA negatively affects fetal growth and birth weight [160].”
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Does air pollution modify temperature-related mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hu, X., Han, W., Wang, Y.-X., Aunan, K., Pan, X.-C., Huang, J., & Li, G. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.112898 · Cited by 73
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, P. I., Sutton, P., Atchley, D. S., Koustas, E., Lam, J., Sen, S., Robinson, K. A., Axelrad, D. A., & Woodruff, T. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Paula I.
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-06-25
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1028-1039
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC4181929
- OpenAlex
- W4243002209
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 1283 d)
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD-83543301)
- New York Community Trust
- Heinz Endowments
- Johnson Family Foundation
- Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment
- Kaiser Permanente
- Office of Research and Development
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- University of California, San Francisco
- National Center For Environmental Assessment
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES018135, P01ES022841, ES022841, P20ES018135)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Keywords
- perfluorooctanoic acid, fetal growth, birth weight, early life exposure, environmental health, risk of bias, perfluorinated compounds
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