Visuospatial working memory interference with recollections of trauma
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory research using a working memory framework has shown modality-specific reductions in image vividness and emotionality when concurrent tasks are performed while maintaining the image in consciousness. We extended this research to trauma images in a clinical population awaiting treatment for post-traumatic stress symptoms. DESIGN: A within-subjects design was used, with each participant completing an imagery task under three concurrent task conditions: side-to-side eye-movements, counting, and exposure only (no concurrent task). METHODS: Eighteen participants selected three images each, the images being those that were the most distressing from participants' trauma memories and most likely to intrude involuntarily. Participants gave baseline ratings of the vividness and emotionality of each of their trauma images. Each image was assigned to a condition. Each condition comprised 8 trials in which participants recollected the appropriate image for 8 s while performing eye-movements, counting or no concurrent task, and then rated its vividness and emotionality. Follow-up ratings were obtained by telephone 1 week later. RESULTS: The eye-movement task reduced vividness and emotionality of the trauma images relative to the counting task and exposure only, but did so only during the imagery period and not at follow-up. The images were predominantly visual. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent tasks matched to the modality of trauma images may provide a useful treatment aid for temporarily dampening emotional responses to recollections of trauma.
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This finding has since been extended to traumatic events experienced by patients with PTSD, for whom the vividness and emotionality of their visual images were reduced more by eye movements than by counting aloud.
“This finding has since been extended to traumatic events experienced by patients with PTSD, for whom the vividness and emotionality of their visual images were reduced more by eye movements than by counting aloud (Lilley, Andrade, Turpin, Sabin-Farrell, & Holmes, 2009).”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Lilley, Andrade, Turpin, Sabin-Farrell, & Holmes, 2009
Concurrent eye movements, relative to counting or no task, reduced the vividness and emotionality of established trauma memories in PTSD patients.
“concurrent eye movements, relative to counting or no task, reduced the vividness and emotionality of established trauma memories in PTSD patients (Lilley, Andrade, Turpin, Sabin-Farrell, & Holmes, 2009).”
From Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application (2019) · cites this paper as Lilley, Andrade, Turpin, Sabin-Farrell, & Holmes, 2009
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- Authors
- Lilley, S. A., Andrade, J., Turpin, G., Sabin‐Farrell, R., & Holmes, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lilley, Steven A.
- Venue
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-321
- ISSN
- 0144-6657 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8260
- OpenAlex
- W2005390731
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 9.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Society
- British Psychological Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- visuospatial working memory, traumatic memory, memory vividness, emotional arousal, dual-task interference, eye movements, imagery vividness, post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma-focused psychotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Emotions, Eye Movements, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Imagination, Life Change Events, Memory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Space Perception, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Task Performance and Analysis, Verbal Behavior, Visual Perception, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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