Anxiety and depression in multiple sclerosis patients around diagnosis
Abstract
Objectives To prospectively identify anxiety and depressive symptoms, and their predictors, during the multiple sclerosis (MS) peridiagnostic period.Methods The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered during diagnostic workup (baseline), and one and six months after diagnosis disclosure, to SIMS-Trial participants (ISRCTN81072971).Results Of 197 screened patients, 120 (61%) were diagnosed with MS. At baseline, median HADS anxiety (HADS-A) score was 7.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-9.5), ≥8 (anxiety cut-off) in 43% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34%-52%). Median HADS depression (HADS-D) was 3.0 (IQR 1.0-5.0), ≥8 (depression cut-off) in 11% (95% CI 5%-16%). Independent predictors of anxiety were female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.2) and HADS-D score (OR 20.8, 95% CI 2.5-175.5). The only predictor of depressive symptoms was HADS-A score (OR 20.0, 95% CI 2.8-260.9). Anxiety symptoms had decreased slightly but significantly (p<0.001) at six months. Depressive symptoms remained low.Conclusions Anxiety was prominent in the period surrounding MS diagnosis disclosure, particularly in women. A slight but significant reduction occurred six months after diagnosis disclosure. Depressive symptoms were less common and stable over time. In addition to sex, depressive symptoms were the only variable independently associated with anxiety.
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Receiving an MS diagnosis and experiencing MS symptoms and progression are associated with depression and anxiety.
“In addition to the physical consequences, receiving an MS diagnosis and experiencing MS symptoms and progression of the disease have been associated with depression and anxiety (Giordano et al., 2011).”
From Self-concept, illness acceptance and depressive and anxiety symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis. (2021) · cites this paper as Giordano et al., 2011
Depression and anxiety are common in individuals with MS and are at clinically high levels especially in the early stages of the illness.
“Depression and anxiety have been found to be common in individuals with MS and have been reported to be at clinically high levels especially in the early stages of the illness [2–4].”
The time around receiving a MS diagnosis is when individuals experience significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety.
“Firstly, the time around receiving a MS diagnosis has been shown to be when individuals experience significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety [2, 4, 11, 16].”
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- Authors
- Giordano, A., Granella, F., Lugaresi, A., Martinelli, V., Trojano, M., Confalonieri, P., Radice, D., & Solari, A.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IT)
- University of Parma (IT)
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- European Institute of Oncology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Solari, Alessandra
- Venue
- Journal of the Neurological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 307
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 86-91
- ISSN
- 0022-510X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998970209
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Neurological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (2007/R/19)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, anxiety, depressive symptoms, diagnosis disclosure, sex differences, predictors of anxiety, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Prospective Studies, Comorbidity
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