Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate potential preventive effects of meditation or exercise on incidence, duration, and severity of acute respiratory infection (ARI) illness. METHODS: Community-recruited adults aged 50 years and older were randomized to 1 of 3 study groups: 8-week training in mindfulness meditation, matched 8-week training in moderate-intensity sustained exercise, or observational control. The primary outcome was area-under-the-curve global illness severity during a single cold and influenza season, using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-24) to assess severity. Health care visits and days of missed work were counted. Nasal wash collected during ARI illness was assayed for neutrophils, interleukin-8, and viral nucleic acid. RESULTS: Of 154 adults randomized into the study, 149 completed the trial (82% female, 94% white, mean age 59.3 ± 6.6 years). There were 27 ARI episodes and 257 days of ARI illness in the meditation group (n = 51), 26 episodes and 241 illness days in the exercise group (n = 47), and 40 episodes and 453 days in the control group (n = 51). Mean global severity was 144 for meditation, 248 for exercise, and 358 for control. Compared with control, global severity was significantly lower for meditation (P = .004). Both global severity and total days of illness (duration) trended toward being lower for the exercise group (P=.16 and P=.032, respectively), as did illness duration for the meditation group (P=.034). Adjusting for covariates using zero-inflated multivariate regression models gave similar results. There were 67 ARI-related days of-work missed in the control group, 32 in the exercise group (P = .041), and 16 in the meditation group (P <.001). Health care visits did not differ significantly. Viruses were identified in 54% of samples from meditation, 42% from exercise, and 54% from control groups. Neutrophil count and interleukin-8 levels were similar among intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: Training in meditation or exercise may be effective in reducing ARI illness burden.
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Mindfulness training programs do not always reveal improvements on mindfulness scales.
“Yet, as some critics point out, mindfulness training programs do not always reveal improvements on mindfulness scales (Witek-Janusek et al., 2008; Barrett et al., 2012)”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2012
Four studies set up independent data monitoring and ethics committees.
“Four studies set up independent data monitoring and ethics committees [52,85,92,171].”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Barrett, B., Hayney, M. S., Muller, D., Rakel, D., Ward, A., Obasi, C. N., Brown, R., Zhang, Z., Zgierska, A., Gern, J., West, R., Ewers, T., Barlow, S., Gassman, M., & Coe, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- The Annals of Family Medicine
- Publisher
- Annals of Family Medicine
- Published
- 2012-07-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 337-346
- ISSN
- 1544-1709 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-1717
- PMC
- PMC3392293
- OpenAlex
- W2152448084
- Semantic Scholar
- f5ef84d0f8ac5439166f4e08045105e39a86dc20
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 13.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Annals of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000427)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K23AA017508)
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025011)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT004313, K24AT006543, F32AT000051, T32AT000051, K23AT000051)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- acute respiratory infections, mindfulness meditation, physical activity, disease prevention, older adults, cold, influenza, disease severity, disease duration, absenteeism, nasal wash, neutrophils, interleukin-8, viral infection
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adaptation, Psychological, Common Cold, Exercise Therapy, Female, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Influenza, Human, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Respiratory Tract Infections, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Confidence Intervals, Meditation, Self Report
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