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Cited by 274Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsStress and Burnout ResearchOccupational Health and Burnout

The Impact of an Innovative Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on the Health and Well-Being of Nurses Employed in a Corporate Setting

Open access
Bazarko, Dawn, Cate, Rebecca A., Azocar, Francisca, Kreitzer, Mary Jo·2013·Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health
DOI 10.1080/15555240.2013.779518PMC PMC3646311
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Abstract

This study implemented an innovative new model of delivering a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program that replaces six of the eight traditional in-person sessions with group telephonic sessions (tMBSR) and measured the program's impact on the health and well-being of nurses employed within a large health care organization. As part of a nonrandomized pre-post intervention study, 36 nurses completed measures of health, stress, burnout, self-compassion, serenity, and empathy at three points in time. Between baseline (Time 1) and the end of the 8-week tMBSR intervention (Time 2), participants showed improvement in general health, t(37) = 2.8, p < .01, decreased stress, t(37) = 6.8, p < .001, decreased work burnout, t(37) = 4.0, p < .001, and improvement in several other areas. Improvements were sustained 4 months later (Time 3), and individuals who continued their MBSR practice after the program demonstrated better outcomes than those that did not. Findings suggest that the tMBSR program can be a low cost, feasible, and scalable intervention that shows positive impact on health and well-being, and could allow MBSR to be delivered to employees who are otherwise unable to access traditional, on-site programs.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/15555240.2013.779518

Cites

72 of 72 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

0 of 21 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Common humanity improved significantly among tMBSR participants from baseline to immediately after the intervention.

    “Common humanity | 36 | 0.85 | 2.81 | 0.88 | 3.70 | 0.83 | t(35) = 5.84 | <.001”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Mental health improved significantly among tMBSR participants from baseline to immediately after the intervention.

    “Mental health | 36 | 38.13 | 9.22 | 51.84 | 8.29 | t(35) = 8.12 | <.001”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Perceived stress decreased significantly among tMBSR participants from baseline to immediately after the intervention.

    “nurses showed significant improvement from Time 1 to Time 2 on perceived stress, with no significant change from Time 2 to Time 3, suggesting the change was maintained over 4 months.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Isolation decreased significantly among tMBSR participants from baseline to immediately after the intervention.

    “Isolation | 36 | 0.86 | 2.98 | 1.01 | 2.19 | 0.79 | t(35) = 5.13 | <.001”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Client burnout decreased significantly among tMBSR participants from baseline to immediately after the intervention.

    “nurses showed a significant improvement in all three areas of burnout from Time 1 to Time 2 including personal, work, and client.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 31
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 4
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 13

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Nurses showed significant improvement on overall general health, and by Time 3 were above average.

    “they did show significant improvement on overall general health, and by Time 3 were above average”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    At Time 1, nurses were below average on all mental health aspects of the SF-12.

    “At Time 1 the women were below average on all mental health aspects of the SF-12”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    At baseline, nurses scored above the general U.S. population average on the SF-12 physical functioning, role physical, and bodily pain subscales.

    “the nurses were above average compared to the general population”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Nurses showed a significant decrease in their SF-12 Physical Component Score (PCS) but remained above average.

    “showed a significant decrease in their PCS, but remained above average”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Baseline perceived stress mean was 20.67, higher than a norm of 13.7 among U.S. women, suggesting high stress.

    “Previous studies of health care professionals (Shapiro et al., 2005) indicates a norm among women in the United States on the Perceived Stress Scale of 13.7 suggesting that the women in this study, demonstrating a baseline mean score of 20.67, were experiencing high levels of stress.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Shapiro et al., 2005

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Nurses improved significantly on the SF-12 vitality subscale from Time 1 to Time 2 and moved from below average to above average.

    “They also improved significantly on the vitality subscale from Time 1 to Time 2 and moved from being below average to above average”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Nurses showed no significant change over time on the SF-12 physical functioning, role physical, or bodily pain subscales.

    “did not show significant change over time on the physical functioning, role physical, or bodily pain subscales of the SF-12”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Empathy improved significantly among tMBSR participants from baseline to immediately after the intervention.

    “Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy | 32 | 0.78 | 116.59 | 8.98 | 123.59 | 9.31 | t(31) = 5.17 | <.001”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    At baseline, nurses showed empathy comparable to previous studies of female nurses.

    “At baseline, the nurses showed comparable empathy to previous studies of female nurses (Fields et al., 2004)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Fields et al., 2004

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Participation in the optional drop-in teleconferences was high.

    “Participation in these “drop-in” calls was high.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Nurses showed statistically significant improvements on all mental health aspects of the SF-12, including social functioning, role emotional, mental health, and overall MCS, from Time 1 to Time 2.

    “with statistically significant improvements on all of the mental health aspects including social functioning, role emotional, mental health, and the overall MCS”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Nurses who maintained MBSR practice were significantly higher on overall self-compassion and on all positive self-compassion areas (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness) at Time 3.

    “Participants who maintained their MBSR practice were significantly higher on overall self-compassion, as well as all of the positive areas that suggest high self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The comparison between nurses who maintained MBSR practice and those who did not is not confounded by pre-existing differences between the groups.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    There was high receptivity to the program by participating employees, with high levels of engagement and very low attrition.

    “There was high receptivity to the program by participating employees, with high levels of engagement and very low attrition.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    At baseline, nurses showed mean overall and subscale self-compassion scores reflecting low self-compassion, comparable to or lower than previous studies of nurses.

    “at baseline, the nurses showed mean overall scores and subscale scores on self-compassion that reflected low self-compassion, with scores comparable to or lower than previous studies of nurses (Heffernan et al., 2010; Penque, 2009)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Heffernan et al., 2010

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Penque, 2009

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Nurses who participated in the hybrid tMBSR intervention showed decreased perceived stress and burnout, improved mental health and social functioning, increased overall general health, and significant increases in serenity, empathy, and self-compassion.

    “nurses who participated in this hybrid tMBSR intervention showed decreased perceived stress and burnout, improved mental health and social functioning, and increased overall general health, as well as significant increases in serenity, empathy, and self-compassion”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The observed improvements in health and well-being are attributable to the tMBSR intervention rather than to other factors such as regression to the mean or external influences.
    • Rests on an assumption: The self-report measures used accurately reflect the nurses' actual health and well-being.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Nurses who maintained MBSR practice were significantly lower on stress, personal burnout, and work burnout at Time 3.

    “Those who maintained MBSR practice were significantly lower on stress, personal burnout, and work burnout.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The comparison between nurses who maintained MBSR practice and those who did not is not confounded by pre-existing differences between the groups.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Offering in-person retreats at the worksite eliminated conference room rental costs and minimized participant travel costs.

    “Offering the in-person retreats at the worksite eliminated costs for conference room rental and minimized any travel costs for participants.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    From Time 2 to Time 3, change was maintained on mindfulness, self-judgment, isolation, and overidentification.

    “Examining differences from Time 2 to Time 3, change was maintained on mindfulness, self-judgment, isolation, and overidentification.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    At Time 3, nurses who maintained MBSR practice were significantly higher on serenity and empathy than those who did not.

    “At Time 3 women who maintained their MBSR practice were also significantly higher than those who did not maintain their practice on serenity and empathy.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The comparison between nurses who maintained MBSR practice and those who did not is not confounded by pre-existing differences between the groups.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    At baseline, nurses showed serenity scores similar to previous studies of nurses.

    “at baseline the nurses showed similar serenity scores as previous studies of nurses (Penque, 2009)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Penque, 2009

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were significant increases on the three positive self-compassion areas (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness) and significant decreases on the three negative areas (self-judgment, isolation, overidentification).

    “There were significant increases on the three “positive” areas that suggest high self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness, and significant decreases on the three “negative” areas that suggest low self-compassion: self- judgment, isolation, and overidentification.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Mindfulness training for supervisors was linked to greater awareness and attention, which in turn affected subordinate well-being and job satisfaction.

    “Reb, Narayan, and Chaturvedi (2012) hypothesized that supervisors who completed mindfulness would demonstrate increased awareness and attention and that these traits would impact employee well-being and job satisfaction. Two studies using data from supervisors and their subordinates confirmed these predicted relationships.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Reb, Narayan, and Chaturvedi (2012)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Compared with controls, a workplace mind-body program produced larger gains in stress, sleep quality, and heart rate variability, and online and in-person formats performed similarly.

    “Compared with the control group, participants in the mind–body interventions showed significantly greater improvements in perceived stress, sleep quality, and heart rate variability. The two delivery mechanisms produced equivalent results.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wolever et al., 2012

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Empathy increased significantly after MBSR in physicians, nursing and social work students, medical and premedical students, and a community sample.

    “MBSR has been shown to significantly increase empathy among physicians (Beckman et al., 2012; Krasner et al., 2009), as well as among nursing students (Beddoe & Murphy, 2004), social work students (Gockel, Burton, James, & Bryer, 2012), medical and premedical students (Shapiro, Schwartz, & Bonner, 1998), and within a community sample (Birnie, Speca, & Carlson, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Beckman et al., 2012

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Krasner et al., 2009

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Beddoe & Murphy, 2004

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Nurses spent an average of 28.5 hours in self-practice.

    “as reflected in an average of 28.5 hours of self-practice.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Teleconference attendance averaged 7.9 hours, with 9 hours available.

    “Of the 9 possible hours of teleconference practice, the nurses participated for an average of 7.9 hours.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    University of Minnesota IRB approved all study procedures.

    “All study-related procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Minnesota.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The telephonic MBSR program may be an affordable, practical, and expandable intervention with beneficial effects on health and wellness.

    “Findings suggest that the tMBSR program can be a low cost, feasible, and scalable intervention that shows positive impact on health and well-being”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The observed pre-post changes are attributable to the tMBSR program rather than to other factors or secular trends.
    • Rests on an assumption: The findings from this sample of corporate nurses can generalize to other employees who cannot access traditional on-site MBSR.
    • Rests on an assumption: The telephonic delivery format preserves the essential active components of traditional in-person MBSR.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In health care professionals, MBSR lowered stress and anxiety, boosted positive affect, and reduced emotional exhaustion.

    “a review of 10 studies of the impact of MBSR on health care professionals’ health and wellness found that MBSR consistently reduced stress and anxiety and improved positive affect, while also decreasing emotional exhaustion”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Irving et al., 2009

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study did not obtain data on participants' previous experience with MBSR or its components, which may have affected participation and outcomes.

    “We also did not obtain data from the participants on their previous experience with MBSR or components of MBSR (meditation, yoga, breathwork) which may also have affected participation and outcomes in this study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    It is likely that for some participants, the time commitment of tMBSR is still too much to fit into their busy schedules.

    “It is likely that for some participants, even with the more “user-friendly” telephonic sessions replacing several of the in-person sessions, the time commitment of tMBSR is still too much to fit into their busy schedules.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The tMBSR pilot shows promise for reaching a telecommuting workforce and employees needing time flexibility, and adds a valuable deployment method for employers wishing to implement MBSR programs.

    “The tMBSR pilot shows promise for reaching a telecommuting workforce, as well as employees needing time flexibility given family or dependent care issues, and adds a valuable deployment method to a growing number of options for employers who wish to implement MBSR programs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The observed improvements in health and well-being are attributable to the tMBSR intervention rather than to other factors such as regression to the mean or external influences.
    • Rests on an assumption: The sample of self-selected female nurses is representative enough to generalize the findings to other nurses and non-nurse employees.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    The high amount of MBSR practice continued after incentives ended suggests that employees are eager to learn and practice these skills for their own inherent reward.

    “though the high amount of MBSR practice that continued after the program had ended (and therefore incentives had ended) seems to suggest that these are skills that employees are eager to learn and practice for their own inherent reward.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Many large organizations stand to benefit from a workplace MBSR intervention, and this scalable, novel format is highly approachable for most companies.

    “Many large organizations stand to benefit from a workplace MBSR intervention and this scalable, novel format is highly approachable for most companies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The sample of self-selected female nurses is representative enough to generalize the findings to other nurses and non-nurse employees.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The positive results demonstrate that tMBSR may be a desirable, effective, scalable, and affordable intervention to reduce stress and burnout of nurses and other non-nurse employees.

    “The positive results realized in this small, pilot study demonstrate that tMBSR may be a desirable, effective, scalable, and affordable intervention to reduce stress and burnout of nurses and other non-nurse employees.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The observed improvements in health and well-being are attributable to the tMBSR intervention rather than to other factors such as regression to the mean or external influences.
    • Rests on an assumption: The sample of self-selected female nurses is representative enough to generalize the findings to other nurses and non-nurse employees.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Additional limitations include the homogeneity of the sample (all female nurses) and reliance on self-report data subject to respondent bias.

    “Additional limitations include the homogeneity of our sample (all female nurses), and the reliance on self-report data that may be subject to respondent bias.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    There is a need to explore ways to offer stress management interventions without adding additional time-commitment and strain.

    “there is a need to “explor[e] ways to offer stress management interventions without adding additional time-commitment and strain” (Shapiro et al., 2005, p. 172)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Shapiro et al., 2005

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The role of incentives (CE credits) in the success of the intervention is unknown.

    “We also do not know the role that offering incentives for participation (CE credits) played in the success of our intervention”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Participants were self-selected and arguably highly motivated, which is a threat to internal validity.

    “Other threats to internal validity include the fact that participants were self-selected, and arguably highly motivated to participate”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The low receptivity is attributed to a general lack of familiarity with the program, the timing of the invitation in January (a busy time), and difficulty articulating the program's monetizable value.

    “We attribute this low receptivity to a general lack of familiarity with the program; the timing of the invitation, which occurred in January, which is usually the busiest time of year for these nurses; and the struggle to articulate the value of a program such as this in manner that can be monetized.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    All improvements were either sustained or showed continued improvement 4 months after the tMBSR intervention, particularly among those who continued to use MBSR techniques on their own.

    “with all improvements either sustained or showing continued improvement 4 months after the tMBSR intervention, particularly among those who continued to use the MBSR techniques on their own.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The observed improvements in health and well-being are attributable to the tMBSR intervention rather than to other factors such as regression to the mean or external influences.
    • Rests on an assumption: The comparison between nurses who maintained MBSR practice and those who did not is not confounded by pre-existing differences between the groups.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The hybrid tMBSR program may prove to be a highly effective intervention to improve employees' physical and mental health, overall effectiveness with patient care, and decrease job burnout and turnover.

    “This hybrid tMBSR program may prove to be a highly effective intervention to arm employees with the tools and knowledge to improve their physical and mental health and overall effectiveness with patient care, as well as decrease job burnout and turnover”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The observed improvements in health and well-being are attributable to the tMBSR intervention rather than to other factors such as regression to the mean or external influences.
    • Rests on an assumption: The sample of self-selected female nurses is representative enough to generalize the findings to other nurses and non-nurse employees.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    This study contributes to existing knowledge about the effects of MBSR on health care professionals and demonstrates that a hybrid tMBSR model shows promise as an effective intervention to reduce stress and burnout.

    “This study contributes to the existing knowledge about the effects of MBSR on health care professionals and demonstrates that a hybrid tMBSR model shows promise as an effective intervention to reduce stress and burnout.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The observed improvements in health and well-being are attributable to the tMBSR intervention rather than to other factors such as regression to the mean or external influences.
    • Rests on an assumption: The sample of self-selected female nurses is representative enough to generalize the findings to other nurses and non-nurse employees.
43 of 43

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The observed pre-post changes are attributable to the tMBSR program rather than to other factors or secular trends.

    “The study was designed as a nonrandomized pre–post intervention study”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The findings from this sample of corporate nurses can generalize to other employees who cannot access traditional on-site MBSR.

    “could allow MBSR to be delivered to employees who are otherwise unable to access traditional, on-site programs.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Continued MBSR practice after the program is responsible for better outcomes, rather than self-selection or other differences.

    “individuals who continued their MBSR practice after the program demonstrated better outcomes than those that did not.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The telephonic delivery format preserves the essential active components of traditional in-person MBSR.

    “replaces six of the eight traditional in-person sessions with group telephonic sessions (tMBSR)”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The observed improvements in health and well-being are attributable to the tMBSR intervention rather than to other factors such as regression to the mean or external influences.

    “we cannot rule out that the differences observed in the intervention group are a result of regression to the mean, or due to other influences impacting the nurses outside of the tMBSR intervention.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The self-report measures used accurately reflect the nurses' actual health and well-being.

    “the reliance on self-report data that may be subject to respondent bias”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The sample of self-selected female nurses is representative enough to generalize the findings to other nurses and non-nurse employees.

    “The positive results realized in this small, pilot study demonstrate that tMBSR may be a desirable, effective, scalable, and affordable intervention to reduce stress and burnout of nurses and other non-nurse employees.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The comparison between nurses who maintained MBSR practice and those who did not is not confounded by pre-existing differences between the groups.

    “there were several significant differences in Time 3 outcomes between the women who reported at Time 3 that they had maintained their MBSR practice after the program ended (the 4 months between Time 2 and 3), and those who did not.”
8 of 8

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Statistics recomputed

Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.

  • Consistentt(37) = 2.8reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .008

    “t(37) = 2.8, p < .01”

  • Consistentt(37) = 6.8reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001

    “t(37) = 6.8, p < .001”

  • Consistentt(37) = 4reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001

    “t(37) = 4.0, p < .001”

  • Consistentt(27) = 2.5reported p = .017 · recomputed p = .019

    “t(27) = 2.5, p = .017”

  • Consistentt(27) = 4.9reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001

    “t(27) = 4.9, p < .001”

5 of 5

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Bryant citation year differs from the reference

    Minor

    The text cites the Bryant, Fairbrother, and Fenton study as published in 2009, while its reference entry lists 2000.

  • Two baseline stress means are reported

    Minor

    The results text gives a baseline perceived-stress mean of 20.67, whereas Table 3 gives 20.64 for Time 1. The difference is greater than rounding to two decimal places.

  • Role-emotional result is labeled nonsignificant and significant

    Minor

    Table 4 marks the difference in role-emotional scores as nonsignificant, but the accompanying text calls that same difference significant.

3 of 3

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Erickson R., 2007, Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13
  2. Gilbert P., 2006, Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy
  3. Sabo B., 2011, Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16
  4. Ware J., 2002, SF-12, V2: How to score Version 2 of the SF-12 Health Survey

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Bazarko, D., Cate, R. A., Azocar, F., & Kreitzer, M. J.
Affiliations
  • UnitedHealth Group (United States) (US)
  • Optum (United States) (US)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author
Bazarko, Dawn
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2013-04
Volume
28
Issue
2
Pages
107-133
ISSN
  • 1555-5240 (ISSN-L)
  • 1555-5259
DOI
10.1080/15555240.2013.779518
PMC
PMC3646311
OpenAlex
W2021689163
Cited by
268
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 9
FWCI
20.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
Keywords
mindfulness-based stress reduction, telemedicine, telephone-delivered intervention, nurses, occupational stress, burnout, self-compassion, tranquility, empathy, nurse well-being, workplace health promotion, scalable interventions

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-06.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-06.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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