Localization of Mineralocorticoid Receptors at Mammalian Synapses
Open accessAbstract
In the brain, membrane associated nongenomic steroid receptors can induce fast-acting responses to ion conductance and second messenger systems of neurons. Emerging data suggest that membrane associated glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors may directly regulate synaptic excitability during times of stress when adrenal hormones are elevated. As the key neuron signaling interface, the synapse is involved in learning and memory, including traumatic memories during times of stress. The lateral amygdala is a key site for synaptic plasticity underlying conditioned fear, which can both trigger and be coincident with the stress response. A large body of electrophysiological data shows rapid regulation of neuronal excitability by steroid hormone receptors. Despite the importance of these receptors, to date, only the glucocorticoid receptor has been anatomically localized to the membrane. We investigated the subcellular sites of mineralocorticoid receptors in the lateral amygdala of the Sprague-Dawley rat. Immunoblot analysis revealed the presence of mineralocorticoid receptors in the amygdala. Using electron microscopy, we found mineralocorticoid receptors expressed at both nuclear including: glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons and extra nuclear sites including: presynaptic terminals, neuronal dendrites, and dendritic spines. Importantly we also observed mineralocorticoid receptors at postsynaptic membrane densities of excitatory synapses. These data provide direct anatomical evidence supporting the concept that, at some synapses, synaptic transmission is regulated by mineralocorticoid receptors. Thus part of the stress signaling response in the brain is a direct modulation of the synapse itself by adrenal steroids.
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The central amygdala nucleus (CEA) is rich in stress hormones and their receptors and contributes to processing of stress signals.
“The CEA is rich in stress hormones and their receptors,98, 99, 100, 101 and contributes to processing of stress signals.102, 103, 104”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Prager, E. M., Brielmaier, J., Bergstrom, H. C., McGuire, J., & Johnson, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Luke R.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2010-12-15
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e14344
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3002274
- OpenAlex
- W2163744753
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Faculty of Health
- Funders
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- mineralocorticoid receptor, synapses, lateral amygdala, postsynaptic membrane, presynaptic terminals, dendritic spines, synaptic plasticity, stress response, glucocorticoid receptor, fear conditioning, glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, adrenal steroids, synaptic transmission
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Brain, Cell Nucleus, Dendrites, Fear, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamine, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Synapses, Immunoblotting, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, Mineralocorticoid, Dendritic Spines, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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