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Viewpoints on Factors for Successful Employment for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Open accessAbstract
This article explores the key factors for successful employment from the viewpoints of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and employers. Two groups of individuals participated in this study, 40 adults with ASD and 35 employers. Q method was used to understand and contrast the viewpoints of the two groups. Data were analysed using by-person varimax rotation factor analysis. Results showed that although both groups appear committed to the employment process, the difference in their understanding regarding the type of workplace support required, job expectations and productivity requirements continues to hinder successful employment. These results highlight the need to facilitate communication between employees and employers to ensure a clear understanding of the needs of both groups are met. The use of an ASD-specific workplace tool may assist in facilitating the necessary communication between these two groups.
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“Indeed, evidence suggests that the implementation of workplace adjustments can support autistic people in accessing work and allow employers to make use of the unique skillset autistic people can offer [8].”
From Autistic adults’ views and experiences of requesting and receiving workplace adjustments in the UK (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
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“Although Scott et al. (2015) found that both groups, employees and employers equally reported the importance of sufficient support within the workplace, they differed in understanding what such support would involve.”
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Horn, A. L., Chezan, L. C., Bobzien, J., Rock, M. L., Alturki, A., & Karadimou, O. (2023) · Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals · doi:10.1177/21651434231198492 · Cited by 6
Argyriadis, A., Drakopoulou, O., Argyriadi, A., Mantsos, E., Katsarou, D. V., & Πατσιαούρας, Α. (2024) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-4022-6.ch001 · Cited by 6
Disability Employment Policy in Australia: Barriers and Facilitators to Workforce Participation
Lawrence, K., Mellifont, D., & Bulkeley, K. (2025) · Social Policy and Administration · doi:10.1111/spol.13147 · Cited by 5
Generation A and Autism in the Workplace
Hurley-Hanson, A. E., Giannantonio, C. M., & Griffiths, A. J. (2019) · Palgrave explorations in workplace stigma · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29049-8_1 · Cited by 5
Bualar, T. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1111/1744-7941.70054 · Cited by 4
Competitive Employment and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Employer Perspectives.
Stuckey, W. C. (2016) · Cardinal Scholar (Ball State University) · Cited by 4
Sim, A., Fristedt, S., Cordier, R., Vaz, S., Kuzminski, R., & Falkmer, T. (2019) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.04.008 · Cited by 5
Self-citationExamining subjective understandings of autistic burnout using Q methodology: A study protocol
Mantzalas, J., Richdale, A. L., & Dissanayake, C. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285578 · Cited by 7
“This approach has previously been used to understand how to best support autistic people in employment and higher education [25,26].”
BackgroundAutism in the Workplace: The Role of Disclosure in Recruitment
Giannantonio, C. M., Hurley-Hanson, A. E., & Griffiths, A. J. (2024) · Palgrave studies in equity, diversity, inclusion, and indigenization in business · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55072-0_8 · Cited by 4
Hurley-Hanson, A. E., Giannantonio, C. M., & Griffiths, A. J. (2019) · Palgrave explorations in workplace stigma · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29049-8_10 · Cited by 4
Automated Task Extraction from Emails: Aiding Autistic Individuals in the Workplace
Gollasch, D., Branig, M., Dähne, H., & Weber, G. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93848-1_23 · Cited by 3
Schuurmans, J. A., Wright, E. P., Bunders, J., & Regeer, B. J. (2024) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330241272232 · Cited by 4
“Challenges in securing and maintaining employment often stem from social and behavioral mismatches rather than skill-related de fi ciencies, which could manifest, for example, during job interviews (Scott et al., 2015).”
Dimov, S., Shields, M., Dickinson, H., Kavanagh, A. M., White, B., & Sutherland, G. A. (2024) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2024.2424198 · Cited by 3
“…disability, young people with IDD report experiencing more difficulties in accessing tertiary education (O’Brien et al., 2019), are underrepresented in the labour force (Scott et al., 2015; Wilson & Campain, 2020), and find it difficult to gain and maintain employment (Meltzer et al., 2016).”
Guastella, A. J., Hankin, L., Stratton, E., Glozier, N., Pellicano, E., & Gibbs, V. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/60806 · Cited by 5
“These factors include positive employer attitudes toward and awareness of autism, collaboration between the autistic employee and the workplace, and the provision of adequate support and accommodations, including mental health support [5,26,28,29].”
InfluentialThe Transition Needs of Young Adults with Autism
Hurley-Hanson, A. E., Giannantonio, C. M., & Griffiths, A. J. (2019) · Palgrave explorations in workplace stigma · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29049-8_5 · Cited by 3
Finch, M. E. H., Trammell, B. A., Hulse, A. R., Finch, W. H., Wildrick, A., Floyd, E. F., Pittenger, J. M., & McIntosh, D. E. (2022) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22755 · Cited by 5
A Systematic Review to Move Australian Disability Employment Forward for Autistic People
Hayward, S. M., & Flower, R. L. (2023) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-023-00388-0 · Cited by 3
“Also providing specific instructions that are direct and/or blunt (Scott et al., 2015).”
InfluentialAutistic Employees in Canadian Academic Libraries
Giles‐Smith, L., & Popowich, E. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship · doi:10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v9.39994 · Cited by 3
Holc, S., Yailian, A., Pernon, É., & Baghdadli, A. (2024) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2024.02.012 · Cited by 3
Giles‐Smith, L., & Popowich, E. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0732-067120200000041006 · Cited by 3
Plunk, A., Amat, A. Z., Wilkes, D. M., & Sarkar, N. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37660-3_14 · Cited by 3
Griffiths, A. J., Hurley-Hanson, A. E., Giannantonio, C. M., Hyde, K., Linstead, E. J., Wiegand, R., & Brady, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/jvr-230034 · Cited by 2
Flood, M. (2026) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.70116 · Cited by 3
School-Based Social Skills Programming to Increase Employment for Individuals with ASD
Lauderdale-Littin, S., & Haspel, M. (2021) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · doi:10.26822/iejee.2021.194 · Cited by 2
“Employees with ASD have many qualities that allow them to excel in the workplace including high levels of competency; however, when evaluated, employers often identify them as lacking flexibility and not being team players (Parr & Hunter, 2014; Scott et al., 2015).”
Background(2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/9781800712560 · Cited by 2
Wheeler, K., Hamrick, J., Favela, A., & Hilbert, S. (2024) · Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/10522263241283571 · Cited by 2
“Supporting autistic adults in obtaining and maintaining employment is a widely recognized need within the health fi eld (Nicholas et al., 2017; Scott et al., 2015) and all adults deserve meaningful and integrated employment (Hendricks, 2010).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Scott, M., Falkmer, M., Girdler, S., & Falkmer, T.
- Affiliations
- Curtin University (AU)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Falkmer, Torbjörn
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-10-13
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e0139281
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4603894
- OpenAlex
- W2151616761
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 20.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2015-11-18)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism
- Australian Government
- Curtin University of Technology
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Disability Education and Employment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, workplace support, employer perceptions, staff perspectives, employment expectations, employer-employee communication
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Employment, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged
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