Detection of Successful and Unsuccessful Pregnancies in Mice within Hours of Pairing through Frequency Analysis of High Temporal Resolution Core Body Temperature Data
Open accessAbstract
Many controllable factors negatively impact fetal development, underscoring the importance of early pregnancy detection and identification of events that reliably predict potential complications. Clinically, core body temperature (CBT) is used to aid family planning and pregnancy detection. However, such temperature data typically are gathered in single, daily measurements. In animal studies, interventions or cell/tissue harvesting at defined stages of fetal development are arduous, requiring timed mating by trained observers. The value of continuous temperature measurements remains largely unexplored, but the advent of small, inexpensive, and increasingly ubiquitous, accurate sensor devices makes continuous measures feasible. Here, using a mouse model, we show that continuous, 1-min resolution CBT measurements reliably allow for the earliest and most accurate detection of pregnancy (100%, within 14 h of initial pairing), without requiring interaction with the animal for data collection. This method also reveals a subset of females that exhibit a pregnancy-like response following pairing that persists for a variable number of days. Application of wavelet analysis that permits frequency analysis while preserving temporal resolution, uncovers significant differences in ultradian frequencies of CBT; these rhythms are significantly increased in the 12 h after the day of pairing for pregnancies carried to term compared to apparent pregnancies that failed. High temporal resolution CBT and wavelet analysis permit strikingly early detection and separation of successful pregnancies and pregnancy-like events.
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Maternal ultradian rhythm power early in pregnancy is predictive of pregnancy success.
“We recently documented that maternal UR power early in pregnancy is predictive of pregnancy success40.”
From Maternal and Early-Life Circadian Disruption Have Long-Lasting Negative Consequences on Offspring Development and Adult Behavior in Mice (2017) · cites this paper as [40]
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- Authors
- Smarr, B. L., Zucker, I., & Kriegsfeld, L. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kriegsfeld, Lance J.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-07-28
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e0160127
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4965159
- OpenAlex
- W2489624696
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 7.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F32HD081957)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Keywords
- pregnancy diagnosis, core body temperature, ultradian rhythms, wavelet analysis, frequency analysis, timed mating, mouse model, miscarriage, continuous temperature monitoring, fetal development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Temperature, Female, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Mice, Wavelet Analysis
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