Cortisol pulsatility and its role in stress regulation and health
Abstract
One of the classic characteristics of the human stress response is the wide inter-individual variation. Although there is much current interest in the genetic and environmental contributions to these differences, studies on human subject have been sparse and characterised by methodological problems. The major factor that is rarely taken into account is the intrinsic rhythmicity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity, not simply the classic diurnal variation but also the endogenous pulsatility which is similar to, but much less well recognized than, the rhythms found within the reproductive and growth hormone axes. In this review we propose some novel ideas relating to the importance of pulsatility both for the design of human stress-response studies and for their interpretation as well as implications for our understanding of disease.
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Several physiological systems exhibit ultradian rhythms in the 1-3 h range, including the HPG axis, HPA axis, and suprachiasmatic nucleus.
“Several physiological systems exhibit ultradian rhythms (URs) in the 1–3 h range, including the HPG axis60–65, the HPA axis66–72, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus73, 74 – the principal orchestrating brain area for circadian rhythms.”
From Maternal and Early-Life Circadian Disruption Have Long-Lasting Negative Consequences on Offspring Development and Adult Behavior in Mice (2017) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- YOUNG, E., ABELSON, J., & LIGHTMAN, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Bristol Royal Infirmary (GB)
- Corresponding author
- YOUNG, E
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 69-76
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075627423
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 52724, MH 01931, R01MH050030, MH50030, K05MH001931)
- National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00042, M01RR000042)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stress response, interindividual variability, diurnal cortisol rhythm
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Periodicity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pulsatile Flow, Stress, Physiological
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