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Cited by 744Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsCancer-related cognitive impairment studies

Diagnosis of Early Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical Practice in 2021

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Porsteinsson, A.P., Isaacson, R.S., Knox, Sean, Sabbagh, M.N., Rubino, I.·2021·The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
DOI 10.14283/jpad.2021.23PMC PMC12280795
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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disease impacting cognition, function, and behavior. Alzheimer's disease progresses along a continuum from preclinical disease, to mild cognitive and/or behavioral impairment and then Alzheimer's disease dementia. Recently, clinicians have been encouraged to diagnose Alzheimer's earlier, before patients have progressed to Alzheimer's disease dementia. The early and accurate detection of Alzheimer's disease-associated symptoms and underlying disease pathology by clinicians is fundamental for the screening, diagnosis, and subsequent management of Alzheimer's disease patients. It also enables patients and their caregivers to plan for the future and make appropriate lifestyle changes that could help maintain their quality of life for longer. Unfortunately, detecting early-stage Alzheimer's disease in clinical practice can be challenging and is hindered by several barriers including constraints on clinicians' time, difficulty accurately diagnosing Alzheimer's pathology, and that patients and healthcare providers often dismiss symptoms as part of the normal aging process. As the prevalence of this disease continues to grow, the current model for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and patient management will need to evolve to integrate care across clinical disciplines and the disease continuum, beginning with primary care. This review summarizes the importance of establishing an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, related practical 'how-to' guidance and considerations, and tools that can be used by healthcare providers throughout the diagnostic journey.

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Authors
Porsteinsson, A. P., Isaacson, R. S., Knox, S., Sabbagh, M. N., & Rubino, I.
Affiliations
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
  • Weill Cornell Medical Center (US)
  • Biogen (Switzerland) (CH)
  • Cleveland Clinic (US)
  • Biogen (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Knox, Sean
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-07
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
371-386
ISSN
2274-5807 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.14283/jpad.2021.23
PMC
PMC12280795
OpenAlex
W3171637117
Cited by
744
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 174 · 2025: 225 · 2024: 197 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 5
FWCI
61.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Biogen
  • Sunovion
  • ACADIA Pharmaceuticals
  • Eisai
  • Genentech
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, early diagnosis, mild cognitive impairment, preclinical Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's dementia, diagnosis, diagnostic tools, barriers to diagnosis, normal aging, primary care, multidisciplinary care
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Quality of Life, Guidelines as Topic, Disease Progression, Early Diagnosis, Asymptomatic Diseases

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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