Cited by 259Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesExercise and Physiological ResponsesPhysical Activity and Health

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Behavioural treatments for chronic systemic inflammation: effects of dietary weight loss and exercise training

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Nicklas, B. J.·2005·Canadian Medical Association Journal

DOI 10.1503/cmaj.1040769PMC PMC557073

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Abstract

Persistent low-grade inflammation, as indicated by higher circulating levels of inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, is a strong risk factor for several chronic diseases. There are data indicating that decreasing energy intake and increasing physical activity may be effective therapies for reducing overall inflammation. Evidence is strong that circulating levels of inflammatory markers are elevated with total and abdominal obesity, possibly owing to a higher secretion rate of cytokines by adipose tissue in obese people. Moreover, very-low-energy dietary weight loss reduces both circulating markers of inflammation and adipose-tissue cytokine production. Data from several large population-based cohorts show an inverse association between markers of systemic inflammation and physical activity or fitness status; small-scale intervention studies support that exercise training diminishes inflammation. Dietary weight loss plus exercise is likely more effective than weight reduction alone in reducing inflammation. To date, data from randomized, controlled trails designed to definitively test the effects of weight loss or exercise training, or both, on inflammation are limited. Future studies are required to define the amount of weight loss needed for clinically meaningful reductions of inflammation; in addition, fully powered and controlled studies are necessary to clarify the effect of exercise training on chronic, systemic inflammation.

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Authors: Nicklas, B. J.
Affiliations: Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author: Nicklas, B. J.
Venue: Canadian Medical Association Journal
Publisher: CMA Impact Inc.
Published: 2005-04-26
Volume: 172
Issue: 9
Pages: 1199-1209
ISSN: 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
1488-2329
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.1040769
PMC: PMC557073
OpenAlex: W2113657976
Cited by: 259
References: 149
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 2.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Locations: Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wake Forest University
University of Florida
National Institute on Aging (R01-AG/DK20583, R01AG020583, P30AG021332)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: chronic systemic inflammation, low-grade inflammation, dietary weight loss, very low calorie diet, exercise training, physical activity, obesity, adipose tissue cytokines, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, energy intake, anti-inflammatory therapy
MeSH terms: C-Reactive Protein, Humans, Inflammation, Obesity, Weight Loss, Health Behavior, Exercise, Cytokines

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Behavioural treatments for chronic systemic inflammation: effects of dietary weight loss and exercise training

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