Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Impact of Dietary Glucose
Abstract
Chronic overnutrition combined with a lack of exercise is the main cause for the rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. It seems accepted that adipositis (macrophage infiltration and inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity) and systemic low grade inflammation affect the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, modern weight reduction programs additionally focus on strategies to attenuate the inflammation state. Exercise is one major factor, which contributes to the reduction of both the incidence of T2DM and inflammation, and the immunomodulatory effects of exercise are supported by similarly beneficial effects of dietary changes. In this context, glucose is the most extensively studied nutrient and current investigations focus on postprandial glucose-induced inflammation, one possible reason why hyperglycemia is detrimental. Indeed, glucose may modulate the mRNA expression and serum concentrations of immune parameters but these alterations rapidly normalize in normoglycemic subjects. In case of an impaired metabolic state, however, postprandial hyperglycemia increases magnitude and duration of systemic inflammatory responses, which probably promotes the development of T2DM and of cardiovascular disease.
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These indirect effects include up- or down-regulation of resistin, leptin, adiponectin, lipocalin 2, osteopontin and insulin itself.
“These effects include the up-or down-regulation of the synthesis of resistin (138) , leptin, adiponectin (139) , lipocalin 2 (140) , osteopontin (141) , and of insulin itself.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [141]
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- Authors
- KEMPF, K., ROSE, B., HERDER, C., KLEOPHAS, U., MARTIN, S., & KOLB, H.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. (DE)
- Corresponding author
- KEMPF, KERSTIN
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 1084
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-48
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W1563001226
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- inflammation, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, adipose tissue inflammation, obesity, physical activity, dietary intervention, postprandial hyperglycemia, immunological parameters, weight loss, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glucose, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Cytokines, Metabolic Syndrome
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