Effect of childhood maltreatment on brain structure in adult patients with major depressive disorder and healthy participants
Open accessAbstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment has been found to play a crucial role in the development of psychiatric disorders. However, whether childhood maltreatment is associated with structural brain changes described for major depressive disorder (MDD) is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with MDD and a history of childhood maltreatment display more structural changes than patients without childhood maltreatment or healthy controls. Methods: Patients with MDD and healthy controls with and without childhood maltreatment experience were investigated using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Results: We studied 37 patients with MDD and 46 controls. Grey matter volume was significantly decreased in the hippocampus and significantly increased in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in participants who had experienced childhood maltreatment compared with those who had not. Patients displayed smaller left OFC and left DMPFC volumes than controls. No significant difference in hippocampal volume was evident between patients with MDD and healthy controls. In regression analyses, despite effects from depression, age and sex on the DMPFC, OFC and hippocampus, childhood maltreatment was found to independently affect these regions. Limitations: The retrospective assessment of childhood maltreatment; the natural problem that patients experienced more childhood maltreatment than controls; and the restrictions, owing to sample size, to investigating higher order interactions among factors are discussed as limitations. Conclusion: These results suggest that early childhood maltreatment is associated with brain structural changes irrespective of sex, age and a history of depression. Thus, the study highlights the importance of childhood maltreatment when investigating brain structures.
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Imaging studies indicate that early life stress history is associated with volume loss in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.
“Imaging studies have also demonstrated that an ELS history was associated with hippocampal and mPFC volumetric decline (57–65).”
From The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
Some studies observed that the link between early life stress and hippocampal or medial prefrontal cortex volume decline may occur independently of whether major depressive disorder is present.
“Some of these studies have noted that the relationship may be independent of the presence of MDD (61,64,65).”
From The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- Chaney, A., Carballedo, A., Amico, F., Fagan, A., Skokauskas, N., Meaney, J., & Frodl, T.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50-59
- ISSN
- 1180-4882 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2434
- PMC
- PMC3868665
- OpenAlex
- W2118503941
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
- Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- child abuse, major depressive disorder, brain structure, gray matter volume, hippocampus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, brain structural changes, sex differences, age effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Brain, Child, Child Abuse, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Young Adult
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