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Cited by 401Human-Automation Interaction and SafetySocial Robot Interaction and HRIUsability and User Interface Design

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 102 of the 102 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Humans: Still Vital After All These Years of Automation

Parasuraman, Raja, Wickens, Christopher D.·2008·Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
DOI 10.1518/001872008x312198
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Abstract

Objective: The authors discuss empirical studies of human-automation interaction and their implications for automation design. Background: Automation is prevalent in safety-critical systems and increasingly in everyday life. Many studies of human performance in automated systems have been conducted over the past 30 years. Methods: Developments in three areas are examined: levels and stages of automation, reliance on and compliance with automation, and adaptive automation. Results: Automation applied to information analysis or decision-making functions leads to differential system performance benefits and costs that must be considered in choosing appropriate levels and stages of automation. Human user dependence on automated alerts and advisories reflects two components of operator trust, reliance and compliance, which are in turn determined by the threshold designers use to balance automation misses and false alarms. Finally, adaptive automation can provide additional benefits in balancing workload and maintaining the user's situation awareness, although more research is required to identify when adaptation should be user controlled or system driven. Conclusions: The past three decades of empirical research on humans and automation has provided a strong science base that can be used to guide the design of automated systems. Application: This research can be applied to most current and future automated systems.

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 25

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Metadata

Authors
Parasuraman, R., & Wickens, C. D.
Affiliations
  • George Mason University (US)
  • Alion Science and Technology (United States) (US)
ORCID
Wickens, Christopher D.
Venue
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2008-06
Volume
50
Issue
3
Pages
511-520
ISSN
  • 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
  • 1547-8181
DOI
10.1518/001872008x312198
OpenAlex
W2043515850
Cited by
401
References
102
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 30
FWCI
25.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
Keywords
human-automation interaction, levels of automation, reliance on automation, adaptive automation, operator trust, false alarms, situational awareness, workload, safety-critical systems, automation design
MeSH terms
Automation, Humans, Ergonomics, Man-Machine Systems, Research

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