The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual consciousness
Open accessAbstract
The report ‘I saw the stimulus’ operationally defines visual consciousness, but where does the ‘I’ come from? To account for the subjective dimension of perceptual experience, we introduce the concept of the neural subjective frame. The neural subjective frame would be based on the constantly updated neural maps of the internal state of the body and constitute a neural referential from which first person experience can be created. We propose to root the neural subjective frame in the neural representation of visceral information which is transmitted through multiple anatomical pathways to a number of target sites, including posterior insula, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and somatosensory cortex. We review existing experimental evidence showing that the processing of external stimuli can interact with visceral function. The neural subjective frame is a low-level building block of subjective experience which is not explicitly experienced by itself which is necessary but not sufficient for perceptual experience. It could also underlie other types of subjective experiences such as self-consciousness and emotional feelings. Because the neural subjective frame is tightly linked to homeostatic regulations involved in vigilance, it could also make a link between state and content consciousness.
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The global workspace can be interpreted as working memory within the brain, expected to maintain information required to sustain a state of consciousness across variable lengths of time.
“In addition, the global workspace can be interpreted as working memory within the brain, as it is also expected to maintain the information required to sustain a state of consciousness across variable lengths of time (Lau and Rosenthal, 2011; Park and Tallon-Baudry, 2014).”
From Design and evaluation of a global workspace agent embodied in a realistic multimodal environment (2024) · cites this paper as Park and Tallon-Baudry, 2014
Section 2 describes availability in a global frontoparietal workspace as a theory of perceptual consciousness. But it does not interpret that workspace as working memory or say it maintains information across variable lengths of time. The multiple timescales discussed in the section on visceral signals concern the proposed neural subjective frame, not the global workspace. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredConscious experience has other properties, such as first person perspective and intrinsic mineness.
“However, conscious experience has other properties 47 , such as first person perspective, i.e. an egocentric viewpoint on the world, and intrinsic mineness, i.e. the fact that a conscious percept belongs to the observer, and that the observer rarely fails to perceive it as his or her own experience - at least in healthy human adults.”
From Interoceptive rhythms in the brain (2023) · cites this paper as [47]
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Pang, J., Tang, X., Li, H., Hu, Q., Cui, H., Zhang, L., Li, W., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., & Li, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00616 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Neural responses to heartbeats distinguish self from other during imagination
Babo-Rebelo, M., Buot, A., & Tallon-Baudry, C. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.012 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationActive information sampling varies across the cardiac cycle
Kunzendorf, S., Klotzsche, F., Akbal, M., Villringer, A., Ohl, S., & Gaebler, M. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13322 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Interoception is associated with heartbeat-evoked brain potentials (HEPs) in adolescents
Mai, S., Wong, C. K., Georgiou, E., & Pollatos, O. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.06.007 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Azzalini, D., Buot, A., Palminteri, S., & Tallon-Baudry, C. (2021) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1932-20.2021 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain–Heart Interactions Underlying Traditional Tibetan Buddhist Meditation
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Error-related cardiac response as information for visibility judgements
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What can body ownership illusions tell us about minimal phenomenal selfhood?
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The missing pieces in the scientific study of bodily awareness
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The value of consciousness: experiences worth having
Moncoucy, L., Dołęga, K., Tallon-Baudry, C., & Cleeremans, A. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0303 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The presence of value-laden representations of sensory stimulations as well as potential goal states paved the road for the emergence of selfhood, first in the implicit form of a minimal self [59,60], and later in the form of an explicit self-representation [61].”
Self-citationDesign and evaluation of a global workspace agent embodied in a realistic multimodal environment
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- Authors
- Park, H.-D., & Tallon-Baudry, C.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, INSERM-ENS, 29 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
- ORCID
- Park, Hyeong-Dong
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2014-05-05
- Volume
- 369
- Issue
- 1641
- Pages
- 20130208
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC3965163
- OpenAlex
- W1990230881
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 19.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-LABX-0087)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- visual awareness, first-person experience, perceptual consciousness, posterior insula, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, somatosensory cortex, self-consciousness, feelings, homeostatic regulation, sustained attention
- MeSH terms
- Awareness, Consciousness, Decision Making, Hemodynamics, Humans, Individuality, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Neural Pathways, Perception
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