The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
Open accessAbstract
Certain classes of stimuli, such as food and drugs, are highly effective in activating reward regions. We show in humans that activity in these regions can be modulated by the predictability of the sequenced delivery of two mildly pleasurable stimuli, orally delivered fruit juice and water. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the activity for rewarding stimuli in both the nucleus accumbens and medial orbitofrontal cortex was greatest when the stimuli were unpredictable. Moreover, the subjects' stated preference for either juice or water was not directly correlated with activity in reward regions but instead was correlated with activity in sensorimotor cortex. For pleasurable stimuli, these findings suggest that predictability modulates the response of human reward regions, and subjective preference can be dissociated from this response.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Many early fMRI studies into prediction errors used model-free accounts in Pavlovian paradigms and located prediction errors in striatal BOLD (Berns et al., 2001; O’Doherty, 2004; O’Doherty et al., 2003; Haruno et al., 2004).”
From Goals and Habits in the Brain (2013) · cites this paper as Berns et al., 2001
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“As the OFC has been implicated in prior studies of prediction error learning (Berns et al., 2001; Takahashi et al., 2009), we selected this region as an a priori structure in which to search for learning signals.”
From Behavioral and Neural Properties of Social Reinforcement Learning (2011) · cites this paper as Berns et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“Non-human primate and human imaging studies have implicated the ventral striatum and orbital frontal cortex (OFC) in prediction error signaling (Schultz et al., 1997; Berns et al., 2001; Fiorillo et al., 2003; McClure et al., 2003).”
From Behavioral and Neural Properties of Social Reinforcement Learning (2011) · cites this paper as Berns et al., 2001
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J. ‐., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460020402 · Cited by 9,688
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388
Self-citationThe neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346
Learning to predict by the methods of temporal differences
Sutton, R. S. (1988) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00115009 · Cited by 5,148
Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons
Schultz, W. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.1 · Cited by 4,564
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation.
Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Goldberg, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., & Turner, R. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675 · Cited by 4,212
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,061
Ogawa, S., Tank, D. W., Menon, R., Ellermann, J. M., Kim, S. G., Merkle, H., & Ugurbil, K. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951 · Cited by 3,681
Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward pathways
Koob, G. F. (1992) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(92)90060-j · Cited by 2,070
A framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive Hebbian learning
Montague, P., Dayan, P., & Sejnowski, T. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-05-01936.1996 · Cited by 2,066
Self-citationNonlinear spatial normalization using basis functions
Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (1999) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)7:4 · Cited by 1,888
The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology.
(1974) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-81-4-575_2 · Cited by 1,882
Principles of Behavior. An Introduction to Behavior Theory
N., E., & Hull, C. L. (1943) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2019960 · Cited by 1,736
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
Rolls, E. T. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.284 · Cited by 1,595
Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia.
Cohen, J. D., & Servan‐Schreiber, D. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.45 · Cited by 1,513
FMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task
Knutson, B., Westdorp, A., Kaiser, E., & Hommer, D. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0593 · Cited by 1,414
Relative reward preference in primate orbitofrontal cortex
Tremblay, L., & Schultz, W. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19525 · Cited by 1,314
Schultz, W., Apicella, P., & Ljungberg, T. (1993) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-03-00900.1993 · Cited by 1,291
Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game
Koepp, M. J., Gunn, R. N., Lawrence, A. D., Cunningham, V. J., Dagher, A., Jones, T., Brooks, D. J., Bench, C. J., & Grasby, P. M. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30498 · Cited by 1,279
Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emotion
Breiter, H. C., Gollub, R. L., Weisskoff, R. M., Kennedy, D. N., Makris, N., Berke, J. D., Goodman, J. M., Kantor, H. L., Gastfriend, D. R., Riorden, J. P., et al. (1997) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80374-8 · Cited by 1,270
Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia
(1994) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.001.0001 · Cited by 1,190
Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80077-8 · Cited by 1,187
Tracking the Hemodynamic Responses to Reward and Punishment in the Striatum
Delgado, M. R., Nystrom, L. E., Fissell, C., Noll, D. C., & Fiez, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.6.3072 · Cited by 1,116
Rogers, R. D., Owen, A. M., Middleton, H. C., Williams, E., Pickard, J. D., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-20-09029.1999 · Cited by 882
Preferential activation of midbrain dopamine neurons by appetitive rather than aversive stimuli
Mirenowicz, J., & Schultz, W. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379449a0 · Cited by 829
How Many Subjects Constitute a Study?
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., & Worsley, K. J. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0439 · Cited by 814 · cited 3×
“A random-effects, event-related, statistical analysis was performed with SPM99 (Friston et al., 1995a; Friston et al., 1999).”
MethodInfluentialNeuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward
Schultz, W., Apicella, P., Scarnati, E., & Ljungberg, T. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-12-04595.1992 · Cited by 744
Dissociable Neural Responses in Human Reward Systems
Elliott, R., Friston, K. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-16-06159.2000 · Cited by 740
Ojemann, J. G., Akbudak, E., Snyder, A. Z., McKinstry, R. C., Raichle, M. E., & Conturo, T. E. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0289 · Cited by 699
Characterizing Dynamic Brain Responses with fMRI: A Multivariate Approach
Friston, K. J., Frith, C., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Turner, R. (1995) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1995.1019 · Cited by 568
A Model of How the Basal Ganglia Generate and Use Neural Signals That Predict Reinforcement
Houk, J. C., Adams, J. L., & Barto, A. G. (1994) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.003.0020 · Cited by 554
Francis, S., Rolls, E. T., Bowtell, R. W., McGlone, F. P., O’Doherty, J. P., Browning, A., Clare, S., & Smith, E. (1999) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199902250-00003 · Cited by 421
Cortical activation during human volitional swallowing: an event-related fMRI study
Hamdy, S., Mikulis, D. J., Crawley, A. P., Xue, S., Lau, H. W., Henry, S. C., & Diamant, N. E. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.1.g219 · Cited by 382
Dissociation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens from intracranial self-stimulation
Garris, P. A., Kilpatrick, M., Bunin, M. A., Michael, D., Walker, Q. D., & Wightman, R. M. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18019 · Cited by 327
Dopaminergic regulation of cerebral cortical microcirculation
Krimer, L. S., Muly, E., Williams, G. V., & Goldman‐Rakic, P. S. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/1099 · Cited by 327
Bee foraging in uncertain environments using predictive hebbian learning
Montague, P. R., Dayan, P., Person, C., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377725a0 · Cited by 311
Self-citationCarelli, R. M., Ijames, S. G., & Crumling, A. J. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-11-04255.2000 · Cited by 310
Activation of the human brain by monetary reward
Thut, G., Schultz, W., Roelcke, U., Nienhusmeier, M., Missimer, J. H., Maguire, R. P., & Leenders, K. L. (1997) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199703240-00033 · Cited by 273
Orbitofrontal cortex is activated during breaches of expectation in tasks of visual attention
Nobre, A. C., Coull, J. T., Frith, C., & Mesulam, M. M. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/4513 · Cited by 249
A Computational Model of How the Basal Ganglia Produce Sequences
Berns, G. S., & B, T. J. S. A. (1998) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892998563815 · Cited by 234
Self-citationShidara, M., Aigner, T. G., & Richmond, B. J. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-07-02613.1998 · Cited by 205
Corfield, D. R., Murphy, K., Josephs, O., Fink, G. R., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Guz, A., Adams, L., & Turner, R. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.5.1468 · Cited by 146
Bradberry, C. W., Barrett-Larimore, R. L., Jatlow, P., & Rubino, S. R. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-10-03874.2000 · Cited by 137
A parallel network that learns to play backgammon
Tesauro, G., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1989) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0004-3702(89)90017-9 · Cited by 122
A theory of pavlovian conditioning: The effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement
Rescorla, R. A. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 108
Conscious and Unconscious Processing of Nonverbal Predictability in Wernicke's Area
Bischoff‐Grethe, A., Proper, S. M., Mao, H. Z., Daniels, K. A., & Berns, G. S. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-05-01975.2000 · Cited by 79
Self-citationLovell-Badge, R. H. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376725a0 · Cited by 57
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. H. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.679 · Cited by 4,027
The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging
Haber, S. N., & Knutson, B. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.129 · Cited by 3,718
The Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice
Kalivas, P. W., & Volkow, N. D. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.8.1403 · Cited by 2,757
Goldstein, R. Z., & Volkow, N. D. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1642 · Cited by 2,667
Anticipation of Increasing Monetary Reward Selectively Recruits Nucleus Accumbens
Knutson, B., Adams, C. M., Fong, G. W., & Hommer, D. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-16-j0002.2001 · Cited by 2,244
Metadata
- Authors
- Berns, G. S., McClure, S. M., Pagnoni, G., & Montague, P. R.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2001-04-15
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2793-2798
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6762527
- OpenAlex
- W2096684870
- Cited by
- 711
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 9.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K08 DA00367, K08DA000367, R01-DA11723, R01DA011723)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- reward, predictability, nucleus accumbens, medial orbitofrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex, subjective preference, food reward
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Computer Simulation, Corpus Striatum, Deglutition, Food Preferences, Frontal Lobe, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nucleus Accumbens, Reward, Somatosensory Cortex, Stimulation, Chemical, Taste, Neural Networks, Computer, Prefrontal Cortex, Intuition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
