An investigation of twenty/20 vision in reading
Open accessAbstract
One functional anatomical model of reading, drawing on human neuropsychological and neuroimaging data, proposes that a region in left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) becomes, through experience, specialized for written word perception. We tested this hypothesis by presenting numbers in orthographical and digital form with two task demands, phonological and numerical. We observed a main effect of task on left vOT activity but not stimulus type, with increased activity during the phonological task that was also associated with increased activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region implicated in speech production. Region-of-interest analysis confirmed that there was equal activity for orthographical and digital written forms in the left vOT during the phonological task, despite greater visual complexity of the orthographical forms. This evidence is incompatible with a predominantly feedforward model of written word recognition that proposes that the left vOT is a specialized cortical module for word recognition in literate subjects. Rather, the physiological data presented here fits better with interactive computational models of reading that propose that written word recognition emerges from bidirectional interactions between three processes: visual, phonological, and semantic. Further, the present study is in accord with others that indicate that the left vOT is a route through which nonlinguistic stimuli, perhaps high contrast two-dimensional objects in particular, gain access to a predominantly left-lateralized language and semantic system.
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The left ventral occipitotemporal cortex contributes to written word recognition by integrating bottom-up generic visual processing with top-down influences from phonological and semantic areas.
“A complementary perspective is that the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex contributes to written word recognition by integrating bottom up (feed forward) generic visual processing with top-down influences from phonological, and semantic areas (Cai et al., 2010; Hellyer et al., 2011; Price and Devlin, 2011; Wang et al., 2011; Woodhead et al., 2011a).”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Hellyer et al., 2011
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Ventral occipito-temporal cortex function and anatomical connectivity in reading
Twomey, T. (2013) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
- Authors
- Hellyer, P. J., Woodhead, Z. V. J., Leech, R., & Wise, R. J. S.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-10-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 41
- Pages
- 14631-14638
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6703380
- OpenAlex
- W2118620300
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Research Councils UK
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- reading, visual word recognition, phonological processing, number processing, inferior frontal gyrus
- MeSH terms
- Carbamide Peroxide, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Language, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Peroxides, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Reading, Urea, Vision, Ocular, Visual Cortex, Vocabulary
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