Trusting our memories: dissociating the neural correlates of confidence in veridical versus illusory memories
Open accessAbstract
Although memory confidence and accuracy tend to be positively correlated, people sometimes remember with high confidence events that never happened. How can confidence correlate with accuracy but apply also to illusory memories? One possible explanation is that high confidence in veridical versus illusory memories depends on different neural mechanisms. The present study investigated this possibility using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a modified version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false-memory paradigm. Participants read short lists of categorized words, and brain activity was measured while they performed a recognition test with confidence rating. The study yielded three main findings. First, compared with low-confidence responses, high-confidence responses were associated with medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity in the case of true recognition but with frontoparietal activity in the case of false recognition. Second, these regions showed significant confidence-by-veridicality interactions. Finally, only MTL regions showed greater activity for high-confidence true recognition than for high-confidence false recognition, and only frontoparietal regions showed greater activity for high-confidence false recognition than for high-confidence true recognition. These findings indicate that confidence in true recognition is mediated primarily by a recollection-related MTL mechanism, whereas confidence in false recognition reflects mainly a familiarity-related frontoparietal mechanism. This account is consistent with the fuzzy trace theory of false recognition. Correlation analyses revealed that MTL and frontoparietal regions play complementary roles during episodic retrieval. In sum, the present study shows that when one focuses exclusively on high-confidence responses, the neural correlates of true and false memory are clearly different.
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Activations in the posterior parietal cortex during retrieval have been correlated with the vividness and confidence of recalled memories.
“Activations in the posterior parietal cortex during retrieval have been correlated with the vividness (Wheeler and Buckner, 2004) and confidence (Kim and Cabeza, 2007) of recalled memories.”
From Neural Correlates of Long-Term Memory Enhancement Following Retrieval Practice (2021) · cites this paper as Kim and Cabeza, 2007
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- Authors
- Kim, H., & Cabeza, R.
- Affiliations
- Daegu University (KR)
- Duke University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2007-11-07
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 12190-12197
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6673246
- OpenAlex
- W2076227445
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Daegu University
- National Institutes of Health (AG19731, AG23770)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG019731, AG 19731, AG23770)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- memory confidence, illusory memory, false memory, veridical memory, medial temporal lobe, frontoparietal cortex, recollection, familiarity, fuzzy-trace theory, Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, recognition memory, episodic memory retrieval
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Illusions, Male, Memory, Mental Processes, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Recognition, Psychology, Trust
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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