Recollection and Familiarity in Recognition Memory: An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
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The question of whether recognition memory judgments with and without recollection reflect dissociable patterns of brain activity is unresolved. We used event-related, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 12 healthy volunteers to measure hemodynamic responses associated with both studying and recognizing words. Volunteers made one of three judgments to each word during recognition: whether they recollected seeing it during study (R judgments), whether they experienced a feeling of familiarity in the absence of recollection (K judgments), or whether they did not remember seeing it during study (N judgments). Both R and K judgments for studied words were associated with enhanced responses in left prefrontal and left parietal cortices relative to N judgments for unstudied words. The opposite pattern was observed in bilateral temporoccipital regions and amygdalae. R judgments for studied words were associated with enhanced responses in anterior left prefrontal, left parietal, and posterior cingulate regions relative to K judgments. At study, a posterior left prefrontal region exhibited an enhanced response to words subsequently given R versus K judgments, but the response of this region during recognition did not differentiate R and K judgments. K judgments for studied words were associated with enhanced responses in right lateral and medial prefrontal cortex relative to both R judgments for studied words and N judgments for unstudied words, a difference we attribute to greater monitoring demands when memory judgments are less certain. These results suggest that the responses of different brain regions do dissociate according to the phenomenology associated with memory retrieval.
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The distinction between remembering and knowing is supported by experimental manipulations, imaging studies, and dissociations following brain injury.
“This distinction is supported by experimental manipulations and imaging studies, and by dissociations in impairments following brain injury (Gardiner et al. 2002; Henson et al. 1999; Klein et al. 2002b; Tulving 2005).”
From The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans? (2007) · cites this paper as Henson et al. 1999
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- Authors
- Henson, R. N. A., Rugg, M. D., Shallice, T., Josephs, O., & Dolan, R. J.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1999-05-15
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3962-3972
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6782715
- OpenAlex
- W2133732234
- Cited by
- 835
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 20.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- SDL (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (051028)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- recognition memory, recollection, familiarity, memory judgments, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, memory monitoring, word recognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Evoked Potentials, Hemodynamics, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Recall, Reference Values
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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