Prefrontal Contributions to Metacognition in Perceptual Decision Making
Open accessAbstract
Neuroscience has made considerable progress in understanding the neural substrates supporting cognitive performance in a number of domains, including memory, perception, and decision making. In contrast, how the human brain generates metacognitive awareness of task performance remains unclear. Here, we address this question by asking participants to perform perceptual decisions while providing concurrent metacognitive reports during fMRI scanning. We show that activity in right rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (rlPFC) satisfies three constraints for a role in metacognitive aspects of decision-making. Right rlPFC showed greater activity during self-report compared to a matched control condition, activity in this region correlated with reported confidence, and the strength of the relationship between activity and confidence predicted metacognitive ability across individuals. In addition, functional connectivity between right rlPFC and both contralateral PFC and visual cortex increased during metacognitive reports. We discuss these findings in a theoretical framework where rlPFC re-represents object-level decision uncertainty to facilitate metacognitive report.
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The GNC have been implicated in attention, working memory, and metacognition.
“These GNC have been implicated in attention, working memory, and metacognition (72-75), which-as discussed-are viewed as essential to consciousness in most cognitive theories.”
From A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness (2017) · cites this paper as [75]
The Introduction reports that prefrontal regions are implicated in metacognitive accuracy, and the Results identify right rostrolateral prefrontal activity associated with metacognitive reports. The cited paper does not establish the sentence’s additional claims about attention or working memory. Section labels are available in our copy, but page numbers are not. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRostral prefrontal cortex has also been implicated in generating metacognitive awareness of our own mental states.
“this region has also been implicated in generating metacognitive awareness of our own mental states (Baird, Smallwood, Gorgolewski, & Margulies, 2013; Fleming & Dolan, 2012; Fleming, Huijgen, & Dolan, 2012; Fleming, Weil, Nagy, Dolan, & Rees, 2010; McCurdy et al., 2013)”
From Strategic offloading of delayed intentions into the external environment (2015) · cites this paper as Fleming, Huijgen, & Dolan, 2012
Right rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (rRLPFC) is a likely candidate for metacognitive appraisal because it is widely implicated in metacognitive assessments of perceptual decisions.
“Right rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (rRLPFC) is a likely candidate as this region is widely implicated in metacognitive assessments of perceptual decisions9,14,25.”
From Confidence in value-based choice (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
Confidence-related activity in rRLPFC is also seen in perceptual decision-making, together with a modulation of connectivity with visual cortex.
“Notably, confidence-related activity in rRLPFC is also seen in perceptual decision-making14, together with a modulation of connectivity with visual cortex.”
From Confidence in value-based choice (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
Possible candidates for a meta-cognitive system for monitoring learning progress include frontal systems that encode uncertainty or confidence in humans and monkeys.
“Possible candidates for such a system include frontal systems that encode the uncertainty or confidence in humans and monkeys (Fleming, Weil et al. 2010; Fleming, Huijgen et al. 2012; De Martino, Fleming et al. 2013)”
From Information-seeking, curiosity, and attention: computational and neural mechanisms (2013) · cites this paper as Fleming, Huijgen et al. 2012
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Kwok, S. C., Cai, Y., & Buckley, M. J. (2019) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0330-19.2019 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Is fear perception special? Evidence at the level of decision-making and subjective confidence
Koizumi, A., Mobbs, D., & Lau, H. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw084 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
An embarrassment of richnesses: the PFC isn’t the content NCC
Kozuch, B. (2024) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niae017 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fleming, S. M., Huijgen, J., & Dolan, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-05-02
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 6117-6125
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3359781
- OpenAlex
- W2012757584
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 10.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (091593, 078865/Z/05/Z, 078865, 091593/Z/10/Z, 096185)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, perceptual decision making, rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, metacognitive confidence, functional connectivity, decision uncertainty, visual cortex, prefrontal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Awareness, Cognition, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Task Performance and Analysis, Visual Perception, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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