Neurobiology of Escalated Aggression and Violence
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Psychopathological violence in criminals and intense aggression in fruit flies and rodents are studied with novel behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic approaches that characterize the escalation from adaptive aggression to violence. One goal is to delineate the type of aggressive behavior and its escalation with greater precision; second, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and brainstem structures emerge as pivotal nodes in the limbic circuitry mediating escalated aggressive behavior. The neurochemical and molecular work focuses on the genes that enable invertebrate aggression in males and females and genes that are expressed or suppressed as a result of aggressive experiences in mammals. The fruitless gene, immediate early genes in discrete serotonin neurons, or sex chromosome genes identify sexually differentiated mechanisms for escalated aggression. Male, but not female, fruit flies establish hierarchical relationships in fights and learn from previous fighting experiences. By manipulating either the fruitless or transformer genes in the brains of male or female flies, patterns of aggression can be switched with males using female patterns and vice versa. Work with Sts or Sry genes suggests so far that other genes on the X chromosomes may have a more critical role in female mouse aggression. New data from feral rats point to the regulatory influences on mesocortical serotonin circuits in highly aggressive animals via feedback to autoreceptors and via GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs. Imaging data lead to the hypothesis that antisocial, violent, and psychopathic behavior may in part be attributable to impairments in some of the brain structures (dorsal and ventral PFC, amygdala, and angular gyrus) subserving moral cognition and emotion.
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Gene expression in the prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in the regulation of aggressive behavior.
“Gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of aggressive behavior [21, 22].”
From Gene expression profiles underlying aggressive behavior in the prefrontal cortex of cattle (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
Studies of rare human genetic conditions and gene knockouts in mice show that many genetic determinants play critical roles in shaping the emotional circuitry of the brain and modulating aggressive behavior.
“Studies of rare human genetic conditions [14] and gene knockouts (KOs) in mice [15, 16] show that many genetic determinants play critical roles in shaping the emotional circuitry of the brain and modulating aggressive behavior [17, 18].”
From An integrated analysis of genes and functional pathways for aggression in human and rodent models (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Miczek, K. A., de Almeida, R. M. M., Kravitz, E. A., Rissman, E. F., de Boer, S. F., & Raine, A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2007-10-31
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 44
- Pages
- 11803-11806
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2667097
- OpenAlex
- W1994158001
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0090730)
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (NIGMS 067645, NIGMS 072411)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA013983, AA013983)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-02632, R01DA002632)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS055218, NS055218)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD042259, HD42259)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- violence, prefrontal cortex, brainstem, limbic system, fruitless gene, transformer gene, sex differences in aggression, serotonergic neurons, immediate early genes, sex chromosome genes, SRY gene, STS gene, antisocial behavior, psychopathy, moral cognition, amygdala, angular gyrus, criminal psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Humans, Neurobiology, Social Behavior, Violence
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