Molecular fMRI
Open accessAbstract
Comprehensive analysis of brain function depends on understanding the dynamics of diverse neural signaling processes over large tissue volumes in intact animals and humans. Most existing approaches to measuring brain signaling suffer from limited tissue penetration, poor resolution, or lack of specificity for well-defined neural events. Here we discuss a new brain activity mapping method that overcomes some of these problems by combining MRI with contrast agents sensitive to neural signaling. The goal of this “molecular fMRI” approach is to permit noninvasive whole-brain neuroimaging with specificity and resolution approaching current optical neuroimaging methods. In this article, we describe the context and need for molecular fMRI as well as the state of the technology today. We explain how major types of MRI probes work and how they can be sensitized to neurobiological processes, such as neurotransmitter release, calcium signaling, and gene expression changes. We comment both on past work in the field and on challenges and promising avenues for future development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain researchers currently have a choice between measuring neural activity using cellular-level recording techniques, such as electrophysiology and optical imaging, or whole-brain imaging methods, such as fMRI. Cellular level methods are precise but only address a small portion of mammalian brains; on the other hand, whole-brain neuroimaging techniques provide very little specificity for neural pathways or signaling components of interest. The molecular fMRI techniques we discuss have particular potential to combine the specificity of cellular-level measurements with the noninvasive whole-brain coverage of fMRI. On the other hand, molecular fMRI is only just getting off the ground. This article aims to offer a snapshot of the status and future prospects for development of molecular fMRI techniques.
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The larger size of the rat brain facilitates procedures crucial to dementia research, including in vivo brain imaging techniques like MRI and PET, and in vivo electrophysiological recordings and cerebrospinal fluid sampling.
“The larger size of the rat brain facilitates several procedures crucial to dementia research, including in vivo brain imaging techniques like MRI [21] and PET [22–24]”
From Analysis of early effects of human APOE isoforms on Alzheimer’s disease and type III hyperlipoproteinemia pathways using knock-in rat models with humanized APP and APOE (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
The Molecular fMRI section describes in vivo MRI of rat brains, supporting the MRI example cited as [21]. It does not say that the rat brain’s larger size facilitates MRI or connect the technique to dementia research. PET is assigned separate citations in the citing sentence, so it is not assessed against this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Bartelle, B. B., Barandov, A., & Jasanoff, A.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2016-04-13
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 4139-4148
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC4829642
- OpenAlex
- W4239898874
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- National Institutes of Health
- Simons Center for the Social Brain, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH102470)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U01NS090451)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- MRI contrast agents, neuronal signaling, neurotransmitter release, calcium signaling, gene expression imaging, non-invasive brain imaging, brain activity mapping
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Contrast Media, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Molecular Imaging
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