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Oxytocin Attenuates Affective Evaluations of Conditioned Faces and Amygdala Activity
Open accessAbstract
Social relations between humans critically depend on our affective experiences of others. Oxytocin enhances prosocial behavior, but its effect on humans' affective experience of others is not known. We tested whether oxytocin influences affective ratings, and underlying brain activity, of faces that have been aversively conditioned. Using a standard conditioning procedure, we induced differential negative affective ratings in faces exposed to an aversive conditioning compared with nonconditioning manipulation. This differential negative evaluative effect was abolished by treatment with oxytocin, an effect associated with an attenuation of activity in anterior medial temporal and anterior cingulate cortices. In amygdala and fusiform gyrus, this modulation was stronger for faces with direct gaze, relative to averted gaze, consistent with a relative specificity for socially relevant cues. The data suggest that oxytocin modulates the expression of evaluative conditioning for socially relevant faces via influences on amygdala and fusiform gyrus, an effect that may explain its prosocial effects.
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“This finding is in line with the anxiolytic action of OT via inhibiting amygdala responses to threatening stimuli (Kirsch et al., 2005; Petrovic et al., 2008).”
From Oxytocin facilitates approach behavior to positive social stimuli via decreasing anterior insula activity (2018) · cites this paper as Petrovic et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Previous studies on amygdala responses to fearful faces and fearful/threatening scenes (14 -17, 30) and social risk (31) have also indicated that OXT may induce sex-dependent changes in amygdala activation to emotional stimuli.”
From Oxytocin, the peptide that bonds the sexes also divides them (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Intranasal OT administration in FXS may work mechanistically by dampening amygdala reactivity toward socially threatening and anxiety-provoking stimuli (Kirsch et al., 2005; Petrovic et al., 2008), decreasing HPA axis activation, and increasing social motivation (Witt et al., 1992).”
From Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome (2012) · cites this paper as Petrovic et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that these effects are mediated through OXT's effects on amygdala reactivity and/or amygdala-frontal connectivity.”
From Modulation of Resting-State Amygdala-Frontal Functional Connectivity by Oxytocin in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as Petrovic et al, 2008
In the citing paper
“In this context, the insula17 as well as the amygdala seem to be key target regions in the brain, with oxytocin modulating amygdala responsiveness to emotional faces18–22 or social stimuli in general23.”
From Randomized clinical trial shows no substantial modulation of empathy-related neural activation by intranasal oxytocin in autism (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Results indicate that the tested type of intranasal OT delivery -but not peripherally delivered OT that produces similar blood levels -replicates prior findings of reduced right amygdala activation in response to emotional stimuli after OT treatment (Domes et al., 2007;Labuschagne et al., 2010;Petrovic et al., 2008).”
From Low dose intranasal oxytocin delivered with Breath Powered device dampens amygdala response to emotional stimuli: A peripheral effect-controlled within-subjects randomized dose-response fMRI trial (2016) · cites this paper as Petrovic et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Human functional neuroimaging studies have shown that inhaling OT reduces BOLD (blood-oxygen-level dependent) activation in the amygdala when viewing or associating aversive social stimuli (Kirsch, 2005; Petrovic et al., 2008), during trust formation (Baumgartner et al., 2008), in response to pain (Singer et al., 2008), and in response to infant crying (Riem et al., 2011).”
From Oxytocin and social cognition in rhesus macaques: Implications for understanding and treating human psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Petrovic et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“OT is highly involved in the regulation of social recognition, by facilitating social memory and selective attention to socially-relevant information through action in the medial amygdala (Petrovic et al., 2008; Samuelsen and Meredith, 2011).”
From Oxytocin facilitates fidelity in well-established marmoset pairs by reducing sociosexual behavior toward opposite-sex strangers (2014) · cites this paper as Petrovic et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Petrovic et al. (2008) found that oxytocin reduced the negative evaluation of a face predicting unpleasant electric shocks.”
From Oxytocin enhances pupil dilation and sensitivity to 'hidden' emotional expressions (2013) · cites this paper as Petrovic et al. (2008)
In the citing paper
“possibly through dampening amygdala activation in response to fear-inducing stimuli [16], [17]”
From A direct examination of the effect of intranasal administration of oxytocin on approach-avoidance motor responses to emotional stimuli (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“While previous research strongly suggests that intranasal administration of OT can reliably influence socially relevant judgments and ratings, relative to placebo [58], [17], [5]”
From A direct examination of the effect of intranasal administration of oxytocin on approach-avoidance motor responses to emotional stimuli (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“its activity here tends to be reduced by OT administration upon exposure to threatening stimuli [18], [16], [17].”
From A direct examination of the effect of intranasal administration of oxytocin on approach-avoidance motor responses to emotional stimuli (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“the anxiolytic action of OT via inhibiting amygdala responses to threatening stimuli (Kirsch et al., 2005; Petrovic et al., 2008)”
From Oxytocin facilitates approach behavior to positive social stimuli via decreasing anterior insula activity (2018) · cites this paper as Petrovic et al., 2008
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Citations
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“Specifically, participants receiving oxytocin showed reduced activation in response to fearful faces (Kirsch et al., 2005; Petrovic et al., 2008) and were less worried about being exploited (Baumgartner et al., 2008).”
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“This procedure is similar to that in the previous work (Petrovic et al., 2008; De Dreu et al., 2010; Mikolajczak et al., 2010; Sheng et al., 2013; Ma et al., 2016b).”
ResultKu, B. S., Collins, M. A., Anglin, D. M., Diomino, A., Addington, J., Bearden, C. E., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., Druss, B. G., et al. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01649-6 · Cited by 15
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“To gain a better understanding of potential anxiolytic OT effects in humans, a later fMRI study combined intranasal OT administration with a fear-conditioning paradigm in which neutral facial expressions were paired with electric shocks (Petrovic et al., 2008).”
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“Also in humans, Petrovic et al. aversively conditioned adults to a series of human faces and then showed that the administration of oxytocin prevented the retention of the negative associations (Petrovic et al., 2008).”
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Oxytocin Effect on Collective Decision Making: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Study
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Oxytocin administration leads to a preference for masculinized male faces
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“, 2010), attenuates negative evaluations of fear-associated faces and attenuates amygdala activity (Petrovic et al., 2008), increases gaze to the eye region (Guastella et al.”
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“An increase in the level of oxytocin establishes trust by suppressing activity in the amygdala (Domes et al., 2007; Kirsch et al., 2005; Petrovic et al., 2008), which is present in the medial temporal lobe and is responsible for social cognition and fear in mammals (Choleris et al., 2007; Ohman,…”
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“…- it is the one most repeatedly shown to elicit a response to inOT - and has, for this reason, also been commonly the focus in studies of the neural effects of inOT (Kirsch et al., 2005; Domes et al., 2007; Petrovic et al., 2008; Eckstein et al., 2015; Kanat et al., 2015; Tully et al., 2018, 2023).”
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“Consistent with these studies of the serotonin system, recent studies of the OT system demonstrated that OT exerts its prosocial effect on facial emotion recognition via an enhancement of activity in the amygdala [29,44] and that OT enhances the resting-state connectivity of PFC-amygdala circuits [45].”
ResultResistance to Extinction of Evaluative Fear Conditioning in Delusion Proneness
Louzolo, A., Lebedev, A. V., Björnsdotter, M., Acar, K., Ahrends, C., Kringelbach, M. L., Ingvar, M., Olsson, A., & Petrović, P. (2022) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac033 · Cited by 6
“32,51 We also studied extinction learning instead of extinction recall (that has previously been assessed in schizophrenia 49,50 ) since the learning phase of extinction, but not the recall phase, involves integration of novel evidence with previous priors in a similar way as in BADE-studies.”
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“Petrovic and colleagues (Petrovic et al., 2008) also found a reduction of amygdala activation to faces presented during an evaluative conditioning paradigm.”
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“There is no evidence that OT produces overt emotional changes in human participants (Domes et al. , 2007; Petrovic et al. , 2008), but neuroimaging has shed light on its implicit effect on activity in the brain.”
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“This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant (N000140110014 and DURIP N000140510525).”
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“Depending on the paradigm studied, there may also be reduced coupling of amygdala to brainstem regions involved in the fear response (Kirsch et al. 2005), or decreased activation in regions involved in facial recognition (Petrovic et al. 2008).”
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“A 2008 study shows abolishment of negative evaluation of aversively conditioned faces in response to treatment with OXT [24].”
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“…从 而减弱恐惧习得过程。Modi 等人将点击声(CS)与 电击(US)配对, 第一天对大鼠进行恐惧习得训练, 第二天在恐惧习得过程中注射新型催产素受体激 动剂 PF-06655075(PF1), 发现第二天 PF1 的中枢 神经系统注射和外周神经系统注射显著降低了大 鼠因恐惧刺激引起的冻结反应, 研究推测 PF1 可 能是通过直接的外周作用或通过激活中枢神经催 产素受体来抑制恐惧的习得过程 (Modi et al., 2016)。对动物的研究说明催产素主要通过削弱 杏仁核的活动来抑制恐惧习得和表达。 在条件化恐惧习得的正常人研究中, 催产素…”
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“Further research has also shown that OT-induced inhibition of the amygdala promotes affiliative responses in humans by reducing social anxiety and fear (Petrovic et al., 2008; Kirsch et al., 2005).”
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Oxytocin – the prosocial molecule?
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Metadata
- Authors
- Petrovic, P., Kalisch, R., Singer, T., & Dolan, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-06-25
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 6607-6615
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2647078
- OpenAlex
- W1993130604
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 43.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (078865)
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- oxytocin, evaluative conditioning, amygdala, fusiform gyrus, gaze direction, anterior cingulate cortex, prosocial behavior, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Amygdala, Conditioning, Psychological, Facial Expression, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxytocin, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Social Behavior, Temporal Lobe, Visual Cortex
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